After the newspaper prohibition period, the News industry entry into the diversity free market competition in Taiwan. Each news group and the collective have their own abundant resources to occupy the market. In the past prohibition rule, the local newspaper media industry can not hold the benefit, the issued hurriedly reduced. After that, how to renew to find the market value and the localization, that is mass communication worker and the researcher was very concern question. There are three variables in this research. We focus on the life model variable (includes population statistic), readers satisfy and in need, then marketing promotion strategy. We assume those three variables affect the local paper consumer to purchase policy-making the factor. In this research, we make the questionnaire for these news consumers who stay in the Kaohsiung area. We will inquire the local paper, what is special characteristics can hold the reader after the market redefine? What is factor influence these consumers purchase policy-making? In this research, we will use sample investigation in the ¡§The Commons Daily, Chinese daily and Taiwan News circulation ratio. In Kaohsiung area , we will proceed investigation in subscription household name list , altogether obtains effective sample 315; In another way , I penetrated the chain store to obtains three local newspapers retail 106 household, four nationwide newspaper (union newspaper, the Chinese Times, apple daily paper, liberty Times) retail the household 200 effective samples. After statistical analysis, I find out three main points as following: First, our local newspaper consumer¡¦s age between 35 and 45 years old, month income range between one ten thousand to three ten thousand working race for the main race group, then most of reader belong no party and ¡§pan-green party¡¨. Second, There are 70 % above Kaohsiung area local newspaper consumer satisfies about the local newspaper for the content of local news , the local information, the specific information content, seeks employment classified ad content affect the local newspaper consumer to purchase the policy-making important attribute. Third, local newspaper consumer to local paper opinion standpoint has higher identification, if they can pay attention to newspaper arrangement, printing and set price¡K.etc packaging. It also coordinates effective promotion to be helpful to the local paper marketing. Finally, the researcher discovery on this research suggested the local newspaperman should be concern what the reader in needs, and provide region market for the nationwide newspaper, and refer to relative research with suggestion in the future.

Eco-labels impact consumers‟ likelihood to buy eco-labelled products and serve as a tool during the decision-making process that helps consumers make informed purchase choices. The textile industry is responsible for a large amount of pollution, but has started to follow a more holistic, eco-friendly approach. Information about their eco-friendliness is communicated to consumers via eco-labels. Consumers can influence the textile industry to include more eco-labelled textile products in their desired range of products, by buying and demanding eco-labelled textile products. However, international studies indicate that consumers do not understand textile eco-labels and the information that is found on these labels. A lack of understanding prevents consumers from including such products in their pre-purchase decision-making process. Yet some consumers, from developed and developing countries, are willing to buy eco-labelled products and pay more for such products. Limited research in this regard, within a South African context, is available hence, more research was required in this study field. Therefore, this study aimed to explore consumers‟ understanding and utilisation of textile eco-labels during pre-purchase decision-making. The research for the study was done using a convenience and purposive sampling method with a quantitative structured online questionnaire for data collection purposes. Findings suggest that respondents were environmentally conscious, but only to some extent. Most respondents objectively understood textile eco-labelled products, but not textile eco-labels or organic label information regarding cotton production processes. Respondents indicated that they do not use textile eco-labels when making a pre-purchase decision, yet they somewhat recognised the need to buy eco-friendly textile products, because they are aware of environmental implications. Regarding the information on eco-labels, respondents searched for information surrounding the quality of eco-labelled textile products, followed by the care instructions and the credibility of the eco-label on the product. Finally, there was a segment of respondents who buy and utilise textile eco-labelled products, and are willing to pay a higher price for these products. The higher price was the main factor that prevented other respondents from buying eco-labelled textile products. Consumers can benefit from education regarding environmental issues and how their purchasing choices can make a difference in protecting the environment. Furthermore, educating consumers about eco-labelled textile products might increase their awareness and utilisation of these products. In turn, this awareness about eco-labels might encourage consumers to include these kinds of products in their pre-purchase decision-making process. Additionally the industry can strive towards keeping eco-labelled products‟ prices relatively equal to regular product‟s prices to make it easier for consumers to choose between the different products, based on their environmental attributes and not price. Finally, the textile industry and manufacturers can focus on making textile eco-labels more attractive and attention-grabbing in order to focus consumers‟ attention on these labels. Furthermore, on these labels, symbols and words should be used together and all elements should correspond to enhance consumers‟ understanding. If all of these elements of an eco-label convey the same message, consumers might be able to understand the intended message by manufacturers and the industry better. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Word-of-mouth har länge varit ett intressant och viktigt fenomen inom marknadsföringen. Med introduktionen av Internet och den växande populariteten av sociala medier, så har word-of-mouth förändrats och är nu tillgänglig för många fler konsumenter online och världen över. Word-of-mouth som sker över Internet har fått namnet elektronisk word-of-mouth (förkortat eWOM). Denna studie har undersökt skillnader i inflytandet av olika word-of-mouth-källor, specifikt traditionell muntlig WOM och eWOM. Detta för att se om det finns några skillnader i hur konsumenter söker och tar del av WOM-information inför köpbeslut av nya produkter eller tjänster. Denna studie har också perspektivet att endast kolla på inflytandet av negativa WOM-källor och hur dessa påverkar konsumenters köpbeslut. Studien har genomförts med hjälp utav ett elektroniskt frågeformulär som distribuerats genom Högskolan i Borås studenter samt genom Facebook. Frågeformuläret består av frågor och avsnitt gällande hur viktigt WOM är för konsumenter innan köp av en tidigare oprövad produkt eller tjänst, trovärdigheten av WOM informationen, hur WOM kan ändra ens attityd samt sannolikheten att man avstår köp på grund av negativ WOM.Resultatet från frågeformuläret visar på att traditionell muntlig WOM fortfarande anses vara den bästa WOM-källan, den som används mest och anses vara den mest trovärdiga källan för WOM och fick högst poäng i alla kategorier från frågeformuläret. eWOM från ratingsidor rankades som näst bäst medan eWOM från ens Facebookvänner ansåg vara det sämsta alternativet för eWOM i alla kategorier. Slutsatsen dras därför att negativ WOM-information influerar konsumenter på olika vis beroende på vilken WOM-källa det kommer ifrån. Traditionell muntlig WOM anses vara det bästa, även om eWOM används mycket så anses det inte vara lika trovärdigt och informativt. / Word-of-mouth has been an important phenomenon in marketing for a very long time. With the introduction of the Internet and the growing popularity of social media, word-of-mouth communication has changed and is now available for consumers from all over the world with just the click of a mouse on your computer. This phenomenon has been given the name electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). This study has examined the influence of different WOM-sources, specifically traditional oral WOM and electronic WOM to see if there are any differences in how consumers search and use different WOM-information in their purchase decision. This study has also taken an approach to only look at the influence of negative word-of-mouth from different WOM-sources and their influence. To research this an electronic questionnaire has been used and distributed to student at the University of Borås and also over Facebook. The questionnaire consists of questions regarding how important looking for WOM information before a purchase it, trustworthiness of WOM, how WOM can change your attitude to a product or service and the possibility of not going through with a purchase based on information from WOM-sources.Results from the questionnaire shows that traditional oral WOM is still considered to be the best, most used and trustworthy source of WOM as it scored highest in all categories of the questionnaire. eWOM from rating sites scored second in all categories, and eWOM from Facebook friends scored lowest in all categories. It can therefore be concluded that negative WOM-information can influence consumer purchase decision in different ways, and even though eWOM is widely used it is considered to be less informative and trustworthy than traditional oral WOM.

The diploma thesis aims to capture the specifics of financial products that mostly affect consumers in the market. In the first theoretical part we encounter terms such as intangibility, inseparability or contingent consumption of financial products. The thesis then incorporates those specifics into the consumer behaviour in financial markets, especially in the purchase decision process. Subsequently, it focuses on the specific situation in the banking market in the Czech Republic, including the market shares of banks as well as the offers of current accounts. The practical part of the work shows through a primary research - conducted by polling Czech consumer of bank accounts - how people not only acquire this financial service but also use it. This section is concluded by a shorter secondary research which uses data from the professional marketing database MML-TGI. Finally, on the basis of previous research findings it formulates conclusions in a form of marketing recommendations for banks.

The following have been rectified in response to previous evaluation by examiner Olof Bruninge. -We have solely chosen qualitative methods in data collection and analysis by making use of data gathered from focus group workshop. The findings have been coded and analysed descriptively. -We have reformulated research questions and replaced the hypothesis with open questions. Allowing us to explore the participants’ behaviour rather than testing hypothesis. -All quantitative measures have been replaced with qualitative analysis and descriptions. -We have provided tables with results from focus group findings to increase transparency in our data

Eco-labels impact consumers‟ likelihood to buy eco-labelled products and serve as a tool during the decision-making process that helps consumers make informed purchase choices. The textile industry is responsible for a large amount of pollution, but has started to follow a more holistic, eco-friendly approach. Information about their eco-friendliness is communicated to consumers via eco-labels. Consumers can influence the textile industry to include more eco-labelled textile products in their desired range of products, by buying and demanding eco-labelled textile products. However, international studies indicate that consumers do not understand textile eco-labels and the information that is found on these labels. A lack of understanding prevents consumers from including such products in their pre-purchase decision-making process. Yet some consumers, from developed and developing countries, are willing to buy eco-labelled products and pay more for such products. Limited research in this regard, within a South African context, is available hence, more research was required in this study field. Therefore, this study aimed to explore consumers‟ understanding and utilisation of textile eco-labels during pre-purchase decision-making. The research for the study was done using a convenience and purposive sampling method with a quantitative structured online questionnaire for data collection purposes. Findings suggest that respondents were environmentally conscious, but only to some extent. Most respondents objectively understood textile eco-labelled products, but not textile eco-labels or organic label information regarding cotton production processes. Respondents indicated that they do not use textile eco-labels when making a pre-purchase decision, yet they somewhat recognised the need to buy eco-friendly textile products, because they are aware of environmental implications. Regarding the information on eco-labels, respondents searched for information surrounding the quality of eco-labelled textile products, followed by the care instructions and the credibility of the eco-label on the product. Finally, there was a segment of respondents who buy and utilise textile eco-labelled products, and are willing to pay a higher price for these products. The higher price was the main factor that prevented other respondents from buying eco-labelled textile products. Consumers can benefit from education regarding environmental issues and how their purchasing choices can make a difference in protecting the environment. Furthermore, educating consumers about eco-labelled textile products might increase their awareness and utilisation of these products. In turn, this awareness about eco-labels might encourage consumers to include these kinds of products in their pre-purchase decision-making process. Additionally the industry can strive towards keeping eco-labelled products‟ prices relatively equal to regular product‟s prices to make it easier for consumers to choose between the different products, based on their environmental attributes and not price. Finally, the textile industry and manufacturers can focus on making textile eco-labels more attractive and attention-grabbing in order to focus consumers‟ attention on these labels. Furthermore, on these labels, symbols and words should be used together and all elements should correspond to enhance consumers‟ understanding. If all of these elements of an eco-label convey the same message, consumers might be able to understand the intended message by manufacturers and the industry better. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This thesis analyses behaviour of consumers within the South Bohemian food market. First part theoretically describes basic concepts concerning this topic. Next part consists of research regarding South Bohemian merchant chains, primarily focussed on the number of them. Following section consists of a questionnaire. The aim of the research is to define consumers' behaviour in the food market. All data gathered and recommendations for change are summarized at the end in discussion and summary.

Syfte och problemformulering: Syftet med studien är att identifiera de främjande aspekter samt barriärer som har en påverkan på konsumentens köpbeslut vid e-handel. Hur ser den digitala köpbeslutsprocessen ut och var i processen uppstår barriärerna? Teori: Studiens teoretiska referensram omfattar en presentation av de aspekter som har en påverkan på konsumentens köpbeslut vid e-handel, vilka är produktkvalitet, varumärkesförtroende, pris, upplevelse, demografiska aspekter, tid och bekvämlighet samt utformning av hemsida. Vidare redogörs det för köpbeslutsprocessen som konsumenten går igenom då ett köpbeslut ska tas, vilket innefattar följande steg; identifiering av behov, informationssökning, bedömning av alternativ, genomförande av köp samt utvärdering av köp. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats med ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Den empiriska datainsamlingen utgörs från fyra fokusgrupper. Slutsats: Studien har resulterat i en utformning av en digital köpbeslutsprocess som även belyser var i processen konsumentens uppfattade barriärer uppstår. Den digitala köpbeslutsprocessen består av följande steg; identifiering av behov, värdering, beslutsfattning, betalning och leverans samt utvärdering av köp. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the promotional aspects as well as barriers that have an impact on consumer purchasing decisions in e-commerce. What does the digital purchase decision-making process look like and where does the barriers occur in the process? Theory: The theoretical reference framework of the study includes a presentation of the aspects that influence the consumer's purchasing decisions in e-commerce, which are product quality, brand confidence, price, experience, demographic aspects, time and convenience as well as website design. Furthermore, it explains the purchase decision-making process that the consumer reviews when a purchase decision is taken, which includes the following steps; need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase and post purchase evaluation. Methodology: The study is based on a qualitative methodology with a deductive approach. The empirical data collection consists of four focus groups. Conclusion: The study has resulted in a design of a digital purchase decision-making process that also illustrates where in the process the consumer’s perceived barriers arise. The digital purchase decision-making process consists of the following steps; need recognition, valuation, decision making, payment and delivery as well as post purchase evaluation.

The concept of Green Brand Equity is based on the assumption that customers will be more favorable towards a firm's brand when the firm provides products and services that satisfy the customers' environmental needs. While environmental and brand management have been researched thoroughly in business-to-consumer (B2C) markets, similar research inbusiness-to-business (B2B) contexts is still scarce. This study aims to contribute to environmental management and B2B brand research through an empirical study of customers' perceptions of Green Brand Equity in industrial B2B markets. A qualitative study was conducted analyzing customers who purchase products from a brand of a Swedish high-tech and global industrial engineering company. The findings suggest that although traditional aspects like price, quality and delivery performance are of high importance, customers in B2B markets also take environmental impact into consideration in their purchase decisions. The customers' consideration of environmental impact mainly stemmed from the customer firms' Green Policies, as well as the individual buyer's Green Concerns. The findings further showed that supplier firms can strengthen Green Brand Equity through sustainability initiatives. By supporting the applicability of Green Brand Equity in a B2B context, this study contributes to the theoretical discussion as well as to practitioners in the field.

Den tekniska utvecklingen har bidragit till ett ökat antal kanaler mellan företag och konsumenter. Detta möjliggör för konsumenter att fritt röra sig mellan dessa kanaler för att skapa och forma dess köpupplevelse efter önskat behov. Utvecklingen har bidragit till att konsumenter kan använda både digitala och fysiska kanaler i sin köpbeslutsprocess. Detta har utvecklat omnikanaler, där showrooming är en framväxande konsumtionstrend. Showrooming syftar till situationen då en konsument söker information via en fysisk kanal och sedan genomför köpet genom en digital kanal.  Syftet med denna studie är att förklara hur kundvärdet påverkar kanalvalen i den förlängda köpbeslutsprocessen till att konsumenten utövar showrooming eller aktivt väljer bort showrooming. Kundvärdet definieras i denna studie som en avvägning mellan behovsuppfyllnad och uppstådda kostnader. Showrooming undersöks mestadels utifrån företagens perspektiv, och således bidrar denna studie till ökad kunskap utifrån konsumentens perspektiv. Att förstå detaljhandelsfenomenet utifrån detta perspektiv är av betydelse för företag, eftersom de då ges möjligheten att utforma värdeerbjudanden som medför att konsumenten fortsätter välja deras kanaler.  Studien är genomförd utifrån en kvalitativ design där intervjuer har använts för att få en nyanserad förklaring från konsumenternas perspektiv. Därav gjordes valet att inkludera respondenter med olika erfarenheter, för att erhålla flera perspektiv. Totalt genomfördes 14 intervjuer med respondenter som besatt olika erfarenheter av fenomenet, där tio av dessa vid något tillfälle valt att utöva showrooming. Det var av betydelse att respondenterna skilde sig åt och hade blandade erfarenheter för att belysa det presenterade syftet. Studien identifierade att personliga preferenser är avgörande för de kanalval som tas i köpbeslutsprocessen. Det var tydligt att kundvärde är drivande för respondenternas beslut, där detta avgörs av personliga preferenser. Stegen där konsumenterna väljer kanal är avgörande för eventuellt utövande av showrooming. / The development of technology has led to an increased amount of channels between companies and customers. This enables consumers to move freely across these channels to create and design their purchase experience after desired need. This development has contributed to customers using both digital and physical channels during their purchase decision-making process. This has developed omnichannels, where showrooming is a growing consumption trend. Showrooming refers to the situation where a consumer seeks information through a physical channel, and then completes the purchase through a digital channel. The purpose of this study is to explain how customer value affects the channel choice in the extended purchase decision-making process if the customer decides to practice showrooming or actively deselect it. Customer value is defined as a value trade-off between need fulfillment and emerged costs in this study. Showrooming is mostly investigated from a business perspective, and thus this study contributes with increased knowledge from a consumer perspective. To understand this retail phenomenon from this perspective is of importance for businesses, since they are given the opportunity to create value propositions which entails that the consumer stays within their channels. The study is accomplished through a qualitative design, where interviews have been used to get a nuanced explanation from the consumer perspective. Thereby, the choice was made to include diverse respondents to obtain different perspectives. A total number of 14 interviews were conducted with respondents with different experience of the phenomenon, where ten of these had chosen to perform showrooming at some point. It was of importance that the respondents differed and possessed different experience to receive a nuanced understanding from the presented purpose. The study identified that personal preferences are crucial for the channel choices through the purchase decision-making process. It was clear that customer value was of importance for the respondent’s decisions, where this was determined by personal preferences. The stages where consumers choose a channel is crucial for if showrooming will be practiced or not.