The successful institutionalisation of digitally-enabled service transformation (DEST) in the UK public sector has always been a challenge for the government. Associated with technology and managerial impediments, the derailment of several DEST projects in recent years has attracted much scholarly debate. Nonetheless, overt emphasis on the antecedents and effects of DEST institutionalisation has concealed the real events underpinning the transformation process, especially the 'social' interactions between the institutional actors and structures, as well as their role in the DEST institutionalisation process. Hence, this research aims to explore the roles of the actors and structures in DEST institutionalisation as working practice in public institutions. To do so, this research develops a conceptual framework grounded on Institutional Theory and Structuration Theory concepts, derived from the analysis of four past DEST cases in the UK. The framework is used in a qualitative enquiry that explores the well-publicised Universal Credit transformation case through interviews, focus groups and review of documentary and parliamentary-select-committee-media evidence. The findings offer insights into the deinstitutionalisation and structuration processes in the study of DEST institutionalisation to better understand the implementation of change in public institutions. This study concludes that actors and structures play important roles in structuring the DEST institutionalisation process as working practice in public institutions. Actors could manipulate structures of meaning, power and norms to promote desired actions in shaping practices that support DEST institutionalisation.

The purpose of this study was to understand whether there is a difference in how the Swedish police work with Facebook in two municipalities with different criminal records. The methods used were qualitative interviews with the ones responsible for the Facebook-sites and quantitative content analysis of different Facebook-posts, both from members of the Facebook-site and from the police themselves. Among the theories used in this study were the ”four-step relations process” by Cutlip, Allen and Broom, theory around public relations and theory around the public sphere by Habermas. The results showed that there is a difference in how the police uses Facebook between the municipalities and one of the conclusions is that this is mainly because of the ways that the police choose to work with Facebook rather than the difference in criminal records. Another conclusion is that the police get positive feedback from the members on their Facebook-site, and that how much the police uses Facebook as a tool depends a lot on how much resources they have to spend since the ones writing on Facebook are policemen and policewomen, and that the police do not have someone who works with the Facebook-site as a primary task. Keywords: Facebook, police, social media, qualitative interviews, quantitative content analysis, authority, public relations.

This qualitative study explored conflict resolutions in everyday setting by applying grounded theory method to data on real-life conflict experiences. The data represent 53 graduate students (27 male and 26 female) of 20 different nationalities. After careful coding, we found seven categories. By applying a dimensional analysis model, we not only identified that ¢wpreparation for resolving conflict¡ü is the central phenomenon but also explored how conflict origins, casual condition, contextual condition, intervening condition, resolution strategies and consequences are related to the central phenomenon and the dynamics among themselves. This helped in developing a grounded formal theory that provide a detailed picture of the complex process of conflict resolution in everyday setting by covering its origins, dynamics, resolution strategies, consequences, and effects in different contexts. Detailed explanations with ample examples from the data were provided. Implications for future researchers and practical implications are discussed.

In the era of advanced communication and transportation technology, immigrants and their descendents can be reunited with their ancestral land from where they or their forebears once were displaced. Visiting the ancestral land as tourists, or "roots tourism," is a major and easily accessible means through which people can recreate and retain the social ties with their ancestral communities. Roots tourism is loosely defined as a type of tourism in which ethnic minorities visit their ancestral lands to discover ethnic roots and culture. Despite the recent popularity of this type of tourism, many gaps remain in the research of roots tourism especially about its influence on ones' identity and sense of home among second generation of immigrants. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to explore the experiences of visiting ancestral land among second generation immigrants. For the purpose of this study, I focus on experiences of roots tourism among Chinese Americans. By investigating their motivation to visit their ancestral land, experiences and encounters in their ancestral land, and feelings toward the ancestral land and toward the United States after the visit, I attempt to explore how roots tourism influences ways in which second generation define and redefine who they are and where they belong under the transnationalism. Face-to-face, in-depth interviews with forty Chinese Americans revealed that, contrary to the idea that roots tourism generates strong feelings of belonging to one's ancestral land, a majority of the interviewees in this study felt foreign in their ancestral land. Although they felt a certain sense of connection to China or Taiwan, the feeling was overwhelmed by the differences in language, norms, class, culture, upbringing, citizenship, and family and gender composition. Analysis indicated that among forty interviewees, only three interviewees felt a sense of belonging to their ancestral society after their visit, and the rest of the interviewees realized their home is the United States. This study revealed the limitation of roots tourism as a tool to foster an identity and sense of home attached to the tourists' ancestral land. At the same time, the findings also suggest that roots tourism played a significant role to assist the interviewees to develop a positive sense of being Chinese Americans.

Managing organizational knowledge is a critical issue for business. Due to the dynamic changes of environment and market demand, organizational knowledge often evolve over time and it is important to understand different patterns of organizational knowledge and their relationships with organizational competitiveness. In this research, we propose an evolutionary model of organizational knowledge. This model consists of four major stages: Variation generation, Internal Selection, Replication, and Retention. The evolution of organizational knowledge generally follows this model to evolve over time. A case study was conducted to assess the model. Evidence collected through interviews in a large semi-conductor company indicates the existence of these stages and activities. Besides, we found two evolutionary patterns driven from different knowledge sources. Their distinct features are compared in the thesis.

In 2002, Financial Holding Company Act was executed in Taiwan. In order to provide customers with ¡§one stop shopping¡¨, the act allows financial holding companies to own subsidiaries in different financial areas like banking, life insurance, property insurance and securities. However, to those groups who do not have the above subsidiaries, they meet changes and challenges of a new business condition. The saturation of whole life insurance policies and the decrease of interest rate result in the increase of the insurance premium. In this way, traditional insurance service stops improving. Under such pressure, those non-financial holding insurance companies manage to form strategic partnership with banks to develop bank-assurance market and expand marketing channels and by time achieve the goal of achievement development and stable management. This thesis aims to explore ¡§the operating mode and achievements appraisal of the strategic partnership between insurance industry and banking.¡¨ Because the bank-assurance market of Taiwan has just started, there are no numbers to assess the achievement appraisal. As a result, the thesis discusses the achievement of strategic partnership between insurance companies and banks by interviewing the managers. The research bases on literature review and question design and evaluates the achievement of strategic partnership by examining the motives of launching a strategic partnership, the conditions of choosing a partner and the interaction between both sides. The outcome of research shows, in the process to form strategic partnership, it is the insurance company¡¦s fame and reward system that determine if the insurance company is able to get into the banking system. The more the executives trust each other, the more possible they can co-operate. In the strategic partnership, both sides share resources, which is why bank-assurance expands. The chief aim of strategic partnership is to create profits, then the achievement income. The research also shows that old banks and new banks have different conditions for the strategic partnership. The insurance companies have come up with different strategies regarding their own management and the need of their partner banks. In this way, they can have long-lasting and stable management in bank-assurance.

To feel at home and to find your place identity in a completely different setting than you are used too requires a whole new type of coping with changes. In order to cope, there are different aspects that can help you. Either it be your personality, the physical surroundings or the people that you have by your side. This thesis has had the aim of examining how and why refugees feel at home in the city of Umeå, Sweden. What has been clear is that the interviewed refugees do feel at home in Umeå, this mostly because of social activities with friends and family, not as much because of the physical attributes Umeå has as a city. Place identity, seen from different theoretical perspectives, has been clear in that identity is mostly created in harmony with a place and what the place has to offer socially and not always due to the physical attraction of the place, which has been visible in discussion with the refugees in the study. Instead, place identity for the interviewed individuals has been created through the conceptions, interpretations, ideas and related feelings the individuals have to Umeå.

Different studies show that stress is a common feeling that newly graduated nurses experience during the first period in the profession. What causes the stress are high expectations that they have on themselves and the expectations from colleagues, as well as the fear of making a mistake while working as a nurse. Newly graduate nurses go through five stages of development from being novice to expert. The aim of this study was to describe work experiences of newly graduate nurses in hospital ward settings. The research method was a literature study based on ten qualitative articles. Articles were analyzed by using the method of Friberg (2012). Four main themes were identified: experiences of leadership; experiences of the relationship with colleagues; experiences of support; experiences of knowledge level. Colleagues and managers must respond to the needs of newly graduated nurses in an adequate way to create a friendly and supportive working environment, which in turn can contribute to the professional development of the newly graduated nurse. Nursing education should prepare students for professional careers in terms of socialization, leadership and organization.

Bakgrund: Autismspektrumtillstånd (AST) innebär en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning och begreppet autismspektrumstörning innefattar flera diagnoser som autistiskt syndrom, aspergers syndrom och atypisk autism. Föräldrar kan ofta missförstå beteenden som är karaktäristiska för AST och detta kan utveckla känslor av misslyckande samt hopplöshet inför barnets framtid. Dessutom kan det vara svårt för föräldrar att anpassa sig efter nya rutiner och ta hänsyn till barnets beteenden. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att bedöma familjens situation och se deras behov av hjälp och stöd. Syfte: Att belysa föräldrars upplevelser av att leva med barn med AST. Metod: Litteraturstudien bestod av nio kvalitativa artiklar som valts ut från databaserna PubMed, Scopus och Cinahl. Artiklarna granskades och analyserades med inspiration av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet resulterade i tre kategorier: ”Känna sig avskärmad från samhället”, ”Stora utmaningar som förälder” samt ”Familjen påverkas av AST”. Konklusion: Den bristande förståelsen för AST samt det bristande stödet kan vara en förklaring till att många föräldrar upplever känslor av depression, ångest och stress. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att vara närvarande och ge relevant stöd samt att uppmuntra föräldrarna för att de ska kunna växa i sitt föräldraskap. / Background: Autismspectrumdisorder (ASD) represents a neuropsychiatric disability and the concept of autism spectrum disorder includes several diagnoses such as autistic syndrome, asperger syndrome and atypical autism. Parents often misunderstand behaviors that are characteristic of ASD and this may develop feelings of failure and hopelessness about the future of the child. In addition, the difficulty for parents is to adapt to new routines and take into account the child's behavior. The nurse has an important role in assessing the situation of the family and see their need for help and support. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate parent’s experiences of living with children with ASD. Method: A literature study of nine qualitative articles from the databases PubMed, Scopus and Cinahl. The articles were reviewed and analysed with inspiration of a qualitative content analysis. Results: The results were resulted in three categories: “Feeling foreclosed from society”, “Major challenges as a parent” and “Family affects by AST”. Conclusions: The lack of understanding of AST as well as the lack of support can be one reason that many parents experience depression, anxiety and stress. The nurse has an important role to be present and provide relevant support and encourage parents to enable them to grow in their parenting.

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