本研究以自我評量的觀點，瞭解美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」與我國課程品質之評估，包括「幼兒園基礎評鑑指標教保活動課程部分」、「幼兒園課程與教學品質評估表課程與教學規劃部分」、「幼兒園教保活動課程暫行大綱」三議題。進而比較其指標內涵，同時採調查法的方式，便利取樣選取公立幼兒園10所，共11位教師，使用美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」，以瞭解其在台灣之適用性，並請現場老師給予相關的回饋與建議。 研究結果如下： 壹、美國NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準特色有四： 一、課程認證標準具發展合宜實務理論依據。 二、課程認證標準與時俱進。 三、課程認證標準組織架構具體明確且指標具彈性。 四、認證標準確實可提升班級課程品質。 貳、美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」與我國幼兒園課程品質評估之比較： 一、美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」指標內涵強調幼兒本位。 二、我國「幼兒園基礎評鑑指標教保活動課程部分」強調合法性。 三、我國「幼兒園課程與教學品質評估表課程與教學規劃部分」定義課程原則。 四、我國「幼兒園教保活動課程暫行大綱」是我國目前課程規劃重要依據。 五、美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」含括領域指標具體完整值得效法。 参、美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」之適用性： 一、現場教師肯定美國「NAEYC幼兒園課程認證標準」，並具以下啟示： (一) 幫助教師課程規劃。 (二) 拓展視野放眼國際。 (三) 瞭解班級課程品質。 二、方案評鑑標準(The program evaluation standards)確定美國「NAEYC 幼兒園課程認證標準」在台灣之適用性。 本研究並根據研究結果提出建議，以「他山之石，可以攻錯」的借鏡觀點，提供對未來台灣幼兒教育發展之建議及後續研究之參考。 關鍵字：美國幼教協會NAEYC、課程認證標準、課程品質評估 / The main purpose of this study is to understand the concept of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards and the curriculum quality evaluation. Include " Preschool Care-taking Activities of Kindergarten Basic Evaluationin"," Curriculum and Teaching Plan of Kindergarten Curriculum and Teaching Quality Assessment Form",and" Curriculum Outlines for Preschool Care-taking Activities". This study also received to 11 teacher’s interview to understand the applicability of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards in Taiwan. Here are the results of this study: A.NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards characteristics: 1. Based on Developmentally Appropriate Practice. 2. Change with time. 3. Organization is clear and specific and the indicators are flexible. 4. Indeed improve the curriculum quality of class. B.Compare NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards and the curriculum quality evaluation: 1. NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards emphasize child-centered. 2. Preschool Care-taking Activities of Kindergarten Basic Evaluationin emphasize the legitimacy. 3. Curriculum and Teaching Plan of Kindergarten Curriculum and Teaching Quality Assessment Form define curriculum principle. 4. Curriculum Outlines for Preschool Care-taking Activities is important basis for curriculum planning at present. 5. The fields and indicators of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards are specific and complete and worth our emulation. C. The applicability of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards : 1.Teachers affirm NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards and get the following inspirations: a.Help teachers planning curriculum. b. Expand the horizons and looking to international. c.Understand the curriculum quality of class. 2. The program evaluation standards make sure the applicability of NAEYC accreditation curriculum standards in Taiwan. Key words: NAEYC, accreditation curriculum standards, curriculum quality evaluation

電子資源館藏與服務在目前的大學圖書館佔有重要地位，大量且廣泛使用的對象為教師與研究生。雖然電子資源受到使用者的喜愛，但是也帶來許多複雜問題，因此，有必要從使用者的角度針對大學圖書館電子資源進行服務品質評鑑研究，有助於圖書館管理者未來發展出更符合使用者期待的電子資源服務。本研究之研究目的包含以下幾點：(1)探討大學教師與研究生對於圖書館電子資源服務的認知、重要性及使用現況；(2)探討電子資源服務品質評鑑意涵及可評鑑項目；(3)建構電子資源服務品質評鑑指標與測量工具；(4)實施電子資源服務品質評鑑以改善其服務品質，進而提供最佳電子資源服務。 本研究透過焦點團體法具體建構出大學圖書館電子資源服務品質評鑑指標，共包含三個構面與28項指標，訪談結果亦作為發展問卷之基礎。為確保指標的可行性，研究者實際發放問卷予政治大學的教師與研究生，獲得以下結論：(1)網路使用時間會影響使用者使用圖書館電子資源的頻率；(2)使用者使用圖書館中文資料庫的使用率明顯高於西文資料庫；(3)使用者使用圖書館資料庫的主要目的為「學術研究」與「課業學習」；(4)「圖書館電子資源指南」與「圖書館學術資源探索系統」為使用者查找圖書館電子資源的主要管道；(5)使用者的圖書館資料庫檢索方式以「基本檢索」與「進階檢索」為主；(6)使用者偏好將電子期刊或電子書列印紙本閱讀；(7)使用者肯定圖書館電子資源對於「完成論文計畫書/論文」、「完成作業/報告」、「提升學術研究效益」的價值；(8)沒有圖書館資料庫推廣活動參與經驗的使用者高達六成；(9)使用者認為圖書館最重要的電子資源服務為電子資源的全文提供與權威性；(10)使用者認為圖書館最滿意的電子資源服務為電子資源的權威性；(11)使用者認為圖書館最不重要的電子資源服務為館員回應線上諮詢服務的速度、館員對於使用者電子資源需求的掌握；(12)使用者認為圖書館最需要改進的電子資源服務為電子資源的全文提供、電子資源網站取得全文的易用性；(13)整體滿意度尚待提升，政大圖書館應著重電子資源館藏的提供。 針對所獲得的研究結果，本研究提出幾點建議：(1)圖書館應深入了解教師及研究生的需求，充實電子資源館藏的數量與品質；(2)在電子資源網站上放置清楚的圖示或連結、提供完整的資料庫說明；(3)圖書館與資料庫廠商應定期舉辦使用者滿意度調查；(4)配合課程提供教師相關的資料庫清單與資料庫講習訊息、提前於暑假期間針對碩一生開設電子資源基本搜尋課程。 / Electronic resources collections and services occupy an important position in current university libraries, a large number of teachers and graduate students use them widely. Although electronic resources are popular with users, they also bring a lot of complex issues. Therefore, it is necessary to use point of views of users to conduct service quality evaluation for electronic resources in university libraries. It can help library managers to develop electronic resources services more in line with user expectations in the future. This research has four purposes: (1) to investigate the cognitive, the importance and current use of library electronic resources services for teachers and graduate students ; (2) to explore implications and availability of electronic resources service quality evaluation; (3) to construct indicators and measurement tools of electronic resources service quality evaluation; (4) to implement electronic resources service quality evaluation to improve service quality, then providing the better electronic resources services. This paper had formed focus groups to construct electronic resources service quality evaluation structure which is including three dimensions and 28 indicators. Interview results also use as a basis for the development of questionnaires. In order to ensure the feasibility of indicators, questionnaires have been collected from teachers and graduate students of National Chengchi University, and obtained the following conclusions: (1) Internet usage will influence the use frequency of library electronic resources; (2) the usage of Chinese databases significantly higher than the Western languages databases; (3) the main purpose of the library users to use databases are “academic research” and “learning”; (4) “E-Resource Gateway” and “Discovery Services System” are main channels of users to find the library electronic resources; (5) “Basic Search” and “Advanced Search” are main retrieval methods of library databases of users; (6) users prefer print out electronic journals or e-books to read; (7) users affirm Library electronic resources are good for the value of “complete proposal and thesis”, “finish homework and report”, and “enhance effectiveness of academic research”; (8) users who did not participate in promotional activities of library databases up to 60%; (9) users consider the most important electronic resources services are full text and authority of electronic resources; (10) users consider the most satisfying electronic resource services is authority of electronic resources; (11) users consider the least important electronic resources services are response speed of online consulting services of librarians and grasping of user requirements of electronic resources of librarians; (12 ) users consider provide full-text of electronic resources and the usability to get the full-text in electronic resource websites are electronic resources services that most need to improve; (13) overall satisfaction has yet to improve, National Chengchi University Library should focus on providing electronic resources collections. According to the research results, this paper also proposed several suggestions: (1) the library should understand the needs of teachers and graduate students, and enrich the quantity and quality of electronic resources collections; (2) the library should place a clear icon or link in electronic resource websites, to provide complete descriptions of databases; (3) the library and database vendors should conduct user satisfaction surveys regularly; (4) the library should provide teachers with related databases lists and databases workshops messages, and offer basic search courses of electronic resources during summer vacation for freshmen in master’s program.

Fully-dynamic, continuous fugacity-based fate and transport models have been developed to examine all natural processes and interactions in the aquatic water systems. Within a body of surface water such as a lake or a river, a dynamic interaction among different media takes place. Chemical compounds are continuously dissolving, adsorbing into solid particles, attaching to suspended particles, resuspending, reacting, diffusing, and advecting. As the inclusion of all these interactions into a model is complex, the use of fugacity concept instead of concentration, renders the modeling task relatively easy. Fugacity, which is described as the escaping tendency of a chemical from a medium, is continuous among different phases, thus easier to follow the movement of the chemical. The first model has been developed to be used as an emergency response model by decision makers, which models the fate and transport of any contaminant in a lake. Due to uncertainties involved in the analysis, Monte Carlo simulations are performed. The fate of three representative contaminants; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), atrazine, and benzene in air, water, and sediment compartments are examined. The second model developed is a continuous, dynamic river fugacity-based water quality model. In order to develop a continuous model, the hydrodynamics of the river system is solved first. Water depth and velocity at each point along the river are used in the advection-dispersion equation to determine the fate and transport of a contaminant. Interactions between different phases are also incorporated into the advection-dispersion equation which is solved numerically and coupled with a mass balance equation derived for the same contaminant in the sediments. The third model is a multispecies contaminant fate and transport model which can be used for the fate of a single contaminant and its daughter products. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and its daughter products, dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), are used as representative of multispecies contaminants. The fate and transport of TCE and its daughter products has been analyzed first in a lake environment, and then in a river environment with the addition of a biofilm compartment where all biotransformations take place.

El treball desenvolupat en aquesta tesi consisteix en l'adaptació a la llengua catalana d'un model de mesura de la qualitat en el sector serveis, el model servqual, i la seva contrastació a través d'una aplicació empírica al sector de les entitats financeres de les comarques gironines. El primers capítols del treball constitueixen un bloc introductori al tema principal de la tesi, la mesura de la qualitat en el sector serveis, i indiquen la necessitat i la conveniència d'obtenir una mesura fiable de la qualitat per tal d'aconseguir un avantatge competitiu sostenible tant en el mercat nacional com en el mercat internacional actual. El desenvolupament metodològic de la tesi es realitza en dues vessants diferents, per una banda es procedeix a l'adaptació a la llengua catalana de l'instrument de mesura que es vol contrastar, i per l'altra es descriu, es discuteix i s'aplica la metodologia estadística que permet descobrir variables latents, és a dir, constructes no observables directament, a través de l'estudi de la covariació de les variables observables o indicadors adequats. L'objectiu general que es vol aconseguir és l'avaluació de la qualitat percebuda del servei que ofereixen les entitats financeres de la província de Girona. Els objectius específics que es planteja el treball, a part de la obtenció de l'instrument adaptat a la llengua catalana per a la mesura de la qualitat percebuda en el sector de les entitats financeres, són: a) L'estudi de la validesa i de la fiabilitat de l'instrument, així com l'anàlisi de l'estabilitat de les dimensions inherents al model i que porten a la formació del constructe qualitat percebuda. b) L'anàlisi de la relació entre les percepcions i les expectatives com a manera d'avaluar la qualitat percebuda. c) La discriminació deis constructes qualitat, qualitat percebuda i satisfacció i les possibles relacions existents entre ells. d) L'estudi del poder predictiu del constructe qualitat percebuda sobre el comportament futur dels clients. e) L'impacte que tenen les característiques socioeconòmiqes deis clients, així com la distinció entre tipus d'entitat (caixes i bancs), en l'avaluació de la qualitat percebuda. L'elecció del sector empíric d'aplicació del treball no ha estat gratuïta i obeeix a dos motius principals. En primer lloc, i a diferència d'altres treballs empírics d'aplicació de l''escala servqual, no es vol fer l' estudi sobre una mostra de conveniència o sobre una llista de clients d'una determinada entitat sinó que planteja l'estudi sobre una mostra aleatòria geogràfica presa sobre el total poblacional censat a les comarques gironines. L' altra motiu l'imposa la mateixa metodologia al exigir que el client ha d'haver pogut escollir lliurament l'entitat que avalua i per tant que el seu judici sobre l'entitat no ha estat condicionat a priori. La mostra s'ha seleccionat realitzant mostreig aleatori simple proporcional a la mesura de l'hàbitat prèvia estratificació dels municipis segons tinguin mida censal inferior als 2.000 habitants, entre 2.000 i 10.000 habitants, entre 10.000 i 50.000 habitants i superior als 50.000 habitants. El total de la mostra de la primera fase (500 persones), s'ha administrat mitjançant entrevista personal per enquestadors entrenats prèviament. El nivell de resposta útil consta de 430 qüestionaris. La mostra utilitzada en la segona fase consta de 150 persones, seleccionades aleatòriament entre les que havien donar resposta valida en la primera fase i l'administració es va fer per correu. Les anàlisis exploradores realitzades mostren la poca estabilitat de les dimensions del model encara que l'escala de les percepcions recull un percentatge de variabilitat superior a l'escala servqual i proporciona valors superiors per l'alfa de Cronbach. Les anàlisis confirmatòries efectuades per a contrastar l'existència de les cinc dimensions del model (tangible, fiabilitat, interès, seguretat i empatia), com a variables latents associades als seus corresponents models de mesura. ens permeten rebutjar-les globalment encara que observem ajustos menys dolents per al' escala de les percepcions que per a l'escala servqual. L'anàlisi en profunditat del model ens porta a la conclusió que els aspectes més significatius en l'avaluació de qualitat són els corresponents a aspectes de seguretat, fiabilitat i interès i que els percentatges de variabilitat explicada són superiors en tots els casos per a l' escala de les percepcions que per al' escala servqual. Atès que l' anàlisi de la bateria servqual indica que les percepcions dels clients només superen les seves expectatives en tres dels ítems corresponents a la dimensió tangible, que les valoracions de qualitat i de satisfacció global són molt bones i que la comparació de les puntuacions mitjanes a les expectatives amb puntuacions mitjanes d'importància dels diferents aspectes avaluats indiquen criteris semblants, concloem que l'escala de les percepcions té un poder explicatiu superior i que la interpretació de l'escala servqual s'ha de contextualitzar en el sentit que no es poden interpretar de la mateixa manera els gaps amb mateixa puntuació, sinó que la diferencia entre percepcions i expectatives és més important si la puntuació donada a les expectatives és més alta. Les anàlisis efectuades a través de proves Anova i interpretades a través d'anàlisis de classificació múltiple indiquen que els aspectes socioeconòmics que més incideixen en les valoracions de qualitat són els que fan referència a la mida de l'hàbitat i al nivell d'estudis. Veiem el paral·lelisme en l'explicació de les dues escales, percepcions i servqual, però sempre a favor de l'escala de les percepcions pel que fa a significativitat i a percentatge de variabilitat explicada. El model estructural saturat entre els constructes que mesuren de manera global la qualitat, les percepcions de qualitat i la satisfacció global, ens permet rebutjar la hipòtesis que es tracta de mesures de tres constructes iguals i ens permet establir relacions entre ells. El modelat amb equacions estructurals de dos models equivalents excepte pel que fa a la direccionalitat entre qualitat i satisfacció entre les percepcions, la qualitat, la satisfacció i el comportament futur del client, ens porta a ajustos completament equivalents. De la mateixa manera, el planteig de models equivalents per discernir quin dels dos constructes, qualitat o satisfacció, és el que causa un efecte directe sobre el comportament futur del client ens porta també a ajustos equivalents. Les principals conclusions del treball són que les percepcions de qualitat dels clients de les entitats financeres de les comarques gironines són molt bones i que els aspectes més importants per a la valoració de la qualitat són els que fan referència a seguretat, fiabilitat i interès. Els aspectes que fan referència a les dimensions tangibles i d'empatia són molt poc significatius estadísticament. Destaca el fet que l'escala de les percepcions té un poder predictiu més alt a nivell individual que l'escala servqual analitzada i que l'escala de les expectatives permet relativitzar la importància de les conclusions extretes a través de l'escala de les percepcions. S'ha comprovat la validació de criteri de l'instrument a través de la predicció del comportament futur del client en l'ajust estructural realitzat i la fiabilitat de l'instrument s'ha comprovat a través de la prova test-retest efectuada entre les dues fases del treball empíric sobre la mateixa mostra de persones en dos moments de temps. Qualitat i satisfacció són la mesura de dos constructes diferents entre els que no hem pogut decidir el sentit de causalitat. El poder predictiu del constructe qualitat percebuda sobre el comportament futur dels clients es mesura a través d'un efecte indirecte a través de les variables de qualitat i de satisfacció global i és significatiu. Les variables socioeconòmiques són importants per entendre millor el comportament dels diferents sectors de mercat així com dels dos tipus d'entitat avaluades (bancs i caixes). L' escala servqual és un esquelet vàlid per a la mesura de la qualitat dels serveis però cal un treball qualitatiu previ a la seva implantació en un sector concret per recollir una part més gran de la variabilitat de les respostes i la seva força està en la utilització repetida al llarg del temps per captar canvis tant en les expectatives com en les percepcions de qualitat dels clients. / During the last years the attainment of quality has become a goal of business environment and, moreover, quality has been proven to be an important tool in the obtaining of sustainable competitive advantages. The measurement and the control of quality in services have a distinctive feature in the sense that focus is put on perceived quality. In services, intangibility is a fact and firms have to strengthen in customers and in the way in which customers form and update their perceptions about quality. In this thesis we adapt the servqual model to the Catalan language in order to analyse customers of financial institutions services in the area of Girona, Spain. A population study is realised. A distinctive feature of our analysis with respect to the majority of previous ones is that ours is a population study. That is to say, instead of directly address on customers of a firm we randomly sampled the population of the province of Girona, Spain. In particular, first stratified random sampling and then simple random sampling within each stratum are applied. Total population reported by the last census (1995 local elections) was N= 421487. The stratum considered were for towns below 2000 inhabitants, between 200 l and 10000 inhabitants and between 10001 and 50000 inhabitants.The questionnaires were individually administered during a face-to-face interview in the home of the individuals of the sample for previously entrained interviewers.Expectatives are specifically analysed. Our aim is to compare such expectatives with perceptions about services. Using the modified servqual methodology, the dimensions of quality are analysed using factor analysis, relative weights for each one of these dimensions and a causal model relating perceived quality, experienced satisfaction, global quality and future intentions of customers about the firm is estimated.The adaptation of the model to the reality is discussed and some proposals about the sampled sector (financial institutions) and the analysed area (the province of Girona) are commented.In addition, anova was used to determine if there were differences among the various sociodemographic categories in regard to each service quality item and each service quality dimension. Posterior MCA were realised to test the overall effect of the different sociodemographic categories on each dimension of service quality.

Recent research in the Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (TCFL) field has focused on the pedagogical perspectives underlying TCFL textbooks and their compilation. With the increasing interaction between China and other countries in global contexts such as culture, economics and commerce, there is a great need to expand research regarding all areas and issues within TCFL, especially in the important area of vocabulary and its translation in TCFL textbooks (Tsung and Cruickshank, 2011). This research investigates a range of translation problems related to the accuracy of the vocabulary lists featured in 12 selected representative TCFL textbooks for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This thesis presents findings from three triangulation cases (questionnaire survey, corpus research, and assessment test) involving two different groups of participants (e.g. Chinese teachers who completed the questionnaire survey and Chinese undergraduates majoring in English who underwent the assessment test). The contribution of this study is as follows: 1) I conduct a series of empirical evidence based on the viewpoints of practitioners regarding the identified translation problems to fill the gap that there are more descriptive and pedagogical works in the vocabulary translation of TCFL textbooks; 2) I adopt functional equivalence theory of translation and linguistics–based approaches (semantic, pragmatic and grammatical perspectives) to establish a theoretical framework which provides a flexible way of analysing translation and enables the original meanings of Chinese words to be analysed through various perspectives, especially for Chinese and English vocabulary analysis and translation; 3) I draw on translation quality evaluation theory to generate a translation quality evaluation framework which can serve as a reference point for other translation evaluation work regarding vocabulary conducted during other relevant studies; 4) I demonstrate that the majority of translation problems gathered from the selected TCFL textbooks were found at the preliminary level and in the content word class which have much practical relevance and research value for the pedagogical purpose of vocabulary teaching and translation; and 5) I build up a specific parallel corpus with passages and vocabulary lists of the selected TCFL textbooks.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NataliaVCV_DISSERT.pdf: 1469047 bytes, checksum: fe8ff38aa6bb94cffeb20e2b9eab338e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-27 / This thesis aims at analyzing the perspective of graduates perceived quality of an undergraduate course in order to contribute to continuous improvement. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, we performed a literature search, seeking together the work surrounding this issue, with the intent to update the concepts discussed today on the subject studied, they are: quality management, quality in higher education institutions and the system national assessment of higher education - Sinaes. The methodology is characterized as a case study, quantitative, and the object of study is composed of students who graduated from Production Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, which includes students who graduated from 2002 to 2010; data collection was done through the survey instrument, questionnaire, available online through SurveyMonkey interface, data analysis was done by means of descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis, including factor analysis. The proposed survey instrument consists of questions nineteen and twenty statements that address the central theme of this dissertation. The results show the identification of four latent factors (obtained by exploratory factor analysis), through two perspectives, the analysis of perception and importance, the results were similar in terms of the variable factors. The first factor was related to the support given to students, a factor known to support two extra class, the third factor related aspects of the library, and finalizing the evaluation and approached a factor of 4 facilities. Through research it was concluded that this study presents several points to be improved by the management team, and recommended to continue to evaluate the perceptions of graduates, seeking continuous improvement in service delivery by the university / A presente Disserta??o tem como objetivo geral analisar, sob a ?tica do egresso, a percep??o da qualidade de um curso de gradua??o a fim de contribuir com a melhoria cont?nua. Visando atingir os objetivos propostos, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica, buscando reunir os trabalhos que rodeiam esta tem?tica, com a inten??o de atualizar os conceitos abordados atualmente sobre o assunto estudado. S?o eles: Gest?o da qualidade, qualidades nas Institui??es de Ensino Superior e o Sistema Nacional de Avalia??o do Ensino Superior - Sinaes. A metodologia ? caracterizada como estudo de caso, de natureza quantitativa; o objeto de estudo ? composto pelos egressos do curso de Engenharia de Produ??o da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, que engloba os alunos que se formaram no per?odo de 2002 a 2010; a coleta de dados foi feita atrav?s do instrumento de pesquisa, o question?rio, disponibilizado on-line atrav?s da interface do SurveyMonkey; a an?lise dos dados foi feita por meio das t?cnicas de estat?stica descritiva e an?lise multivariada, entre elas a an?lise fatorial. O instrumento de pesquisa proposto ? formado por dezenove perguntas e vinte afirmativas que abordam a tem?tica central desta disserta??o. Os resultados mostram a identifica??o de quatro fatores latentes (obtidos atrav?s da an?lise fatorial explorat?ria), por meio de duas perspectivas. Na an?lise da percep??o e da import?ncia, os resultados obtidos foram semelhantes no tocante as vari?veis dos fatores. O fator 1 foi relacionado aos apoios dados aos alunos, fator 2 denominado como suporte extra classe, o fator 3 relacionou aspectos da biblioteca, e, finalizando, o fator 4 abordou avalia??o e instala??es f?sicas. Com a pesquisa conclui-se que este estudo apresenta diversos pontos a serem melhorados pela equipe de gestores, e recomenda-se continuar a avaliar a percep??o dos egressos, visando uma melhoria cont?nua na presta??o do servi?o por parte da universidade

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-30T14:01:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sheila Santos de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 5033946 bytes, checksum: 07f79e9d03798d4b4af28288634a1872 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-31T10:40:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sheila Santos de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 5033946 bytes, checksum: 07f79e9d03798d4b4af28288634a1872 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-31T10:40:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sheila Santos de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 5033946 bytes, checksum: 07f79e9d03798d4b4af28288634a1872 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-10 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study is part of the research line State, Policy and Education History of the Federal University of Goiás Pós Graduate Program of Education. The object of study appears in discussions about educational management the meant managerial perspectives of education that has been consolidated, in Brazil, in recent decades. The objective is to analyze the Management Integrated of School (GIDE), a methodology implemented by the state government of Rio de Janeiro in 2011. Still, in an attempt to assess the realization of this policy, to identify, from the perspective of school management, the processes of resistance, accommodation and conflicts that may define the distance between politics as text and this practical implementation. The research has the time frame analysis the years 2011-2014. It is based on the object of study considering processes of social, political and economic that have a close relationship with there structuring of the capitalist system, under the guise of neoliberal regulation, evidenced in Brazil, especially from the 1990s. In the education alfield, these broader processes have indicated a public management design, guided by the principles and practices of the New Public Management that the criticism of classical and bureaucratic administration proposes a reorientation of institutions basing on managerial concepts with a focus on efficiency, control and measurable results. In this perspective the state government of Rio de Janeiro inserts in school life the GIDE, a strategic management system focused on results, whose main purpose is to raise the quality of education for the state to reach the first places in the ranking of national assessment. Even as analysis of the fundamentals were mobilized, considering the different contexts and historicity, the concepts of management, educational management, quality and evaluation. In order to achieve the proposed objectives were carried out semi-structured interviews with school managers. In a qualitative research perspective, it was used as a methodological theoretical support of the approach of the policy cycle is to understand the context of influence, the production and political practice. It is believed, finally, that GIDE changes the school logic, the role of the school manager and the way in which this subject acts. It is observed that by cooptation, by questioning in resistance to the model or by silences and omissions, concepts that are expensive to education and practices in everyday life are re-signified, which corroborates the distance between politics as a text and the practice of politics. GIDE is a management tool aimed at the quantifiable results of the educational process, distancing itself from the conception of education as a process of human and integral formation of the subjects. / O presente estudo insere-se na linha de pesquisa Estado, Políticas e História da Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás. O objeto de estudo consta nas discussões acerca do tema gestão educacional e das perspectivas gerencialistas da educação que vêm se consolidando no Brasil, nas últimas décadas. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a Gestão Integrada da Escola (GIDE), uma metodologia de gestão implantada pelo governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2011. Ainda, de avaliar a materialização dessa política, identificar, através da perspectiva dos gestores escolares, os processos de resistência, acomodações e conflitos que possam delimitar a distância entre a política como texto e sua implementação como prática. A pesquisa tem como recorte temporal de análise os anos de 2011 a 2014. Fundamenta-se o estudo do objeto considerando processos de transformação social, política e econômica que apresentam uma estreita relação com a reestruturação do sistema capitalista, sob o modo de regulação neoliberal evidenciado no Brasil, especialmente a partir década de 1990. No campo educacional, esses processos mais amplos têm indicado uma concepção de gestão pública, pautados nos princípios e práticas da Nova Gestão Pública, que, pela crítica à administração clássica e burocrática, propõem a reorientação das instituições, fundamentando-se em conceitos gerencialistas com foco na eficiência, controle e resultados quantificáveis. Nessa perspectiva, o governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro insere no cotidiano escolar a GIDE, um sistema de gerenciamento estratégico com foco nos resultados cuja principal finalidade é elevar a qualidade do ensino para que o estado alcance os primeiros lugares no ranking da avaliação nacional. Ainda como fundamentos da análise, foram mobilizados, considerando os diversos contextos e a historicidade, os conceitos de administração, gestão educacional, qualidade e avaliação. A fim de alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores escolares da rede pública estadual de ensino. Em uma perspectiva qualitativa da pesquisa buscou-se compreender a política como texto e suas implicações no contexto da prática. Acredita-se, por fim, que a GIDE altera a lógica escolar, a função do gestor escolar e a forma como esse sujeito atua. Observa-se que pela cooptação, pelos questionamentos na resistência ao modelo ou pelos silêncios e omissões, conceitos caros a educação e as práticas no cotidiano são ressignificados, o que corrobora a distância entre a política como texto e a prática da política. A GIDE é mais um instrumento de gestão voltado para os resultados quantificáveis do processo educativo, distanciando-se da concepção de educação como processo de formação humana e integral dos sujeitos.

Print mottle is a problem that has been hassling the printing business for a long time. Along with sharpness and correct colour reproduction, absence of print mottle is one of the most important factors of print quality. The possibility to measure the amount of print mottle (reflectance variation) may in many ways facilitate the development of printing methods. Such a measurement model should preferably follow the functions and abilities of the Human Visual System (HVS). The traditional model that STFI-Packforsk has developed to measure print mottle uses frequency analysis to find variations in reflectance. However, this model suffers some limitations since is does not perfectly agree with the functions of the HVS and does only measure variations in lightness. A new model that better follows the functions of the HVS has thus been developed. The new model does not only consider variations in lightness (monochromatic) but also variations in colour (chromatic). The new model also puts a higher weight on systematic variations than on random variations since the human eye is more sensitive to ordered structures. Furthermore, the new model uses a contrast sensitivity function that weights the importance of variations in different frequencies. To compare the new model with the traditional STFI model, two tests were carried out. Each test consisted of a group of test patches that were evaluated by the traditional STFI model and the new model. The first test consisted of 15 greyscale test patches that originated from conventional flexo and offset presses. The second test consisted of 24 digitally simulated test patches containing colour mottle and systematic mottle. The evaluation results in both the traditional and the new model were compared to the results of a visual evaluation carried out using a panel of test persons. The new model produced a result that correlated considerably better with the visual estimation than what the traditional model did.

This diploma thesis focuses on machine translation (MT), which has been studied for a relatively long time in linguistics (and later also in translation studies) and which in recent years is at the forefront of the broader public as well. This thesis aims to explore the quality of machine translation outputs and the way it changes over time. The theoretical part first deals with the machine translation in general, namely basic definitions, brief history and approaches to machine translation, then describes online machine translation systems and evaluation methods. Finally, this part provides a methodological model for the empirical part. Using a set of texts translated with MT, the empirical part seeks to check how online machine translation systems deal with translation of different text-types and whether there is improvement of the quality of MT outputs over time. In order to do so, an analysis of text-type, semantics, lexicology, stylistics and pragmatics is carried out as well as a rating of the general applicability of the translation. The final part of this thesis compares and concludes the results of the analysis. With regard to this comparation, conclusions are made and general tendencies stated that have emerged from the empirical part of the thesis.

Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier le confort acoustique ressenti par les usagers de systèmes de traitement d’air (STA), tels que les systèmes de climatisation installés en bureaux de différentes tailles, en prenant en compte les facteurs environnementaux liés au contexte particulier d’usage de ces produits. À l’origine s’est présenté le besoin industriel d’une norme fiable d’évaluation des sons émis par les STA, pour offrir une représentation plus fidèle de la perception que le seul standard existant aujourd’hui : le niveau acoustique émis exprimé en dBA. Ce contexte impose en premier lieu une étude approfondie de la perception des sons de STA tels qu’émis par les appareils. Ainsi, une démarche rigoureuse a été suivie allant du recueil d’un nombre conséquent d’enregistrements de sons de STA jusqu’à l’établissement d’une métrique robuste de prédiction de la qualité sonore perçue. Pour ce faire, ont tout d’abord été établies les différentes familles perceptives qui constituent l’ensemble des enregistrements de sons de STA effectués. De cet ensemble de familles a été extrait un corpus de travail permettant une complète représentativité des différents types de sons émis par les STA. Les attributs auditifs pertinents pour la description perceptive de ce corpus sonore ont ensuite été identifiés en appliquant les principes de l’étude du timbre musical, déjà adoptés avec succès pour la description d’autres types de sons de l’environnement. Ces attributs auditifs ont enfin servi de base descriptive pour expliquer les préférences des auditeurs vis-à-vis des sons de STA afin d’établir un prédicteur efficace de la qualité sonore à l’aide de descripteurs audio. Dans un second temps, afin de prendre en considération le contexte écologique des STA, l’influence de deux facteurs environnementaux sur l’évaluation de la qualité sonore des STA a été étudiée dans le but d’en évaluer l’importance sur le ressenti des usagers. D’une part, comme les STA étudiés sont des appareils exclusivement installés en intérieur (bureaux), l’effet de la réverbération sur l’évaluation de la qualité sonore a été étudié à l’aide d’un système d’auralisation permettant de reproduire virtuellement la réponse acoustique d’une salle. D’autre part, l’influence du contexte attentionnel des auditeurs sur la qualité sonore perçue a été évaluée à l’aide d’une étude comparative de différentes situations d’écoute. En effet, on observe que la perception du son émis par les STA se traduit typiquement par une forme de perturbation de leur occupation quotidienne.. Il est donc apparu pertinent d’évaluer à quel point le degré d’attention portée sur le son influe sur l’évaluation de la qualité sonore par les auditeurs. Ainsi nous avons pu établir dans quelles mesures et selon quelles limites le prédicteur de qualité sonore établi peut représenter fidèlement le confort ressenti par les usagers dans un contexte offrant un meilleur degré de validité écologique que les conditions habituelles de laboratoire. / This thesis addresses the perceived acoustic comfort of Air-Treatment Systems (ATS), such as air-conditioners installed in offices, by taking into account the environmental factors related to the specific context of ATS usage. The only existing standard to evaluate the sounds emitted by ATS, which is the emitted sound level in dBA, is only loosely related to perception. Therefore, the need of manufacturers for a more reliable standard arises. This implies a thorough study of the perception of the sound of ATS as it is emitted. A precise methodology was then followed: it includes first collecting a high number of ATS sound recordings, up to finally developing a robust metrics to predict the perceived sound quality. For that purpose, different perceptual categories were first identified to constitute the recording database of ATS sounds. A corpus considered as fully representative of the different types of emitted sounds was then extracted from the recording database. Current principles of musical timbre description have already proved to be adequate to other types of environmental sounds; by applying these principles, the relevant auditive attributes for the corpus perceptual description were identified. In order to develop an efficient sound quality predictor through audio features calculation, prominent features based on these auditive attributes were identified that explain the listeners’ preferences among ATS sounds. The ecological context of ATS was examined in a second step. Two environmental factors were addressed in the context of ATS sound quality evaluation to ponder their importance in the listeners’ perception. As the ATS under study are exclusively indoor systems designed for offices, the effect of reverberation on sound quality evaluation was first studied; for that purpose, an auralization tool was used to simulate room acoustic response. The influence of listeners’ attention context on perceived sound quality was then evaluated through a comparative study of various listening conditions. As a matter of fact, the sound emitted by ATS in real conditions is perceived as a perturbation of current activities. It is therefore relevant to evaluate how deeply the degree of attention related to the sound affects listeners as regards their perception of acoustic quality. Eventually, the relevance of the proposed sound quality predictor to comfort perception was assessed in conditions more ecologically representative than usual laboratory environment.