Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE ADRIANA_ JOHANN.pdf: 2610924 bytes, checksum: 3d2882b78e66f6ce454900b7a8b0d486 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / Fundação Araucária / Environmental impacts have become a reality ever more present in aquatic ecosystems, suffering changes in the constitution of the chemical elements of water, availability and their nutrient dynamics. Therefore, comprehensive methodologies are needed to assess the actual condition of these ecosystems, following their changes. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the basin of the São Francisco Verdadeiro river, by analyzing the physical, chemical, microbiological variables, and acute and chronic toxicity tests with the test organism Daphnia magna, to identify possible natural or anthropogenic interference. Thus, fortnightly collections were carried out in six sampling locations (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6), on the period from April 2013 to April 2014, totalizing 143 samples, of which 31 water quality variables were evaluated, with subsequent calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI), and acute and chronic toxicity tests. The results obtained for the physical, chemical and microbiological variables showed that dissolved oxygen (Sites P3, P5 and P6), turbidity and ammonia nitrogen (Site P6), pH, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, fecal coliform bacteria (Escherichia-coli), cadmium, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc (All locations), presented different values of the limits recommended by CONAMA resolution No 357/2005, for Class II waters. It is noteworthy that such disagreements have occurred at different times. WQI values ranged from good to great quality, despite high values of some variables. For acute tests, the results showed no toxic effect on any of the sites sampled throughout the study period. For acute tests, the results showed no toxic effect on any of the evaluated sites throughout the study period. With regard to chronic tests, toxic effect occurred in 5.59% of the samples for the parameter longevity, observed by the death of Daphnia magna organisms during the test, and 97.90% of the samples for fertility parameter, verified by the reduction in reproduction, in which the samples showed a reduced number of offspring compared to the control (M4 culture medium). Toxic effect events registered for fertility were compared with pH the variables, total phosphorus, BOD, fecal coliforms, cadmium, lead, copper, nickel and zinc, which presented different values of the limits established legislation by CONAMA Nº 357/2005, for water class II, since it was observed that the toxic effect events, often coincided with at least one variable above the limits. Therefore, the results obtained for the physical, chemical and microbiological variables showed that the São Francisco Verdadeiro river is impacted by the use and occupation of the basin; receiving contributions of rural and urban áreas, and chronic toxicity tests indicated inadequate conditions for the protection of aquatic life, showing that they are effective tools for assessing a body of water, can serve as allies of the classic valuation methods. / Os impactos ambientais têm se tornado uma realidade cada vez mais presente nos ecossistemas aquáticos, que sofrem mudanças na constituição dos elementos químicos da água, na disponibilidade e na sua dinâmica de nutrientes. Sendo assim, metodologias abrangentes são necessárias para avaliar o estado real desses ecossistemas, acompanhando suas mudanças Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água da bacia do Rio São Francisco Verdadeiro, por meio da análise de variáveis físicas, químicas, microbiológicas e testes de toxicidade agudos e crônicos, com o organismo-teste Daphnia magna, visando identificar possíveis interferências naturais ou antrópicas. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas quinzenais, em seis locais de amostragem (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 e P6), no período de abril de 2013 a abril de 2014, totalizando 143 amostras, das quais foram avaliadas 31 variáveis de qualidade de água, com posterior cálculo do Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) e os testes de toxicidade agudos e crônicos. Os resultados obtidos para as variáveis físicas, químicas e microbiológicas, mostraram que oxigênio dissolvido (Locais P3, P5 e P6), turbidez e nitrogênio amoniacal (Local P6), pH, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total, coliformes fecais (Escherichia-coli), cádmio, chumbo, manganês, níquel e zinco (Todos os locais) apresentaram valores discordantes dos limites preconizados pela resolução CONAMA No 357/2005, para águas de Classe II. Vale salientar que estas discordâncias ocorreram em períodos distintos. Os valores do IQA variaram de boa a ótima qualidade, apesar dos valores elevados de algumas variáveis. Para os testes agudos, os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito tóxico em nenhum dos locais amostrados em todo o período avaliado. Com relação aos testes crônicos, ocorreu efeito tóxico em 5,59% das amostras, para o parâmetro longevidade, constatado pela morte dos organismos Daphnia magna durante o teste e em 97,90% das amostras, para o parâmetro fecundidade, verificado pela redução na reprodução, em que as amostras apresentaram um número reduzido de filhotes com relação ao controle (Meio de cultivo M4). Os eventos de efeito tóxico registrados para a fecundidade foram comparados com as variáveis pH, fósforo total, DBO, coliformes fecais, cádmio, chumbo, cobre, níquel e zinco, que apresentaram valores discordantes dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação CONAMA No 357/2005 para águas de Classe II, em que observou-se que os eventos de efeito tóxico, em quase todo o período coincidiram com pelo menos uma variável acima dos limites. Dessa maneira, os resultados obtidos para as variáveis físicas, químicas e microbiológicas demonstraram que o rio São Francisco Verdadeiro é impactado pelo uso e ocupação do solo da bacia, recebendo contribuições das áreas rurais e urbanas, e os testes de toxicidade crônicos indicaram condições inadequadas para a proteção da vida aquática, mostrando que são ferramentas eficazes para a avaliação de um corpo de água, podendo servir como aliados dos métodos clássicos de avaliação.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE ADRIANA_ JOHANN.pdf: 2610924 bytes, checksum: 3d2882b78e66f6ce454900b7a8b0d486 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / Fundação Araucária / Environmental impacts have become a reality ever more present in aquatic ecosystems, suffering changes in the constitution of the chemical elements of water, availability and their nutrient dynamics. Therefore, comprehensive methodologies are needed to assess the actual condition of these ecosystems, following their changes. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the basin of the São Francisco Verdadeiro river, by analyzing the physical, chemical, microbiological variables, and acute and chronic toxicity tests with the test organism Daphnia magna, to identify possible natural or anthropogenic interference. Thus, fortnightly collections were carried out in six sampling locations (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6), on the period from April 2013 to April 2014, totalizing 143 samples, of which 31 water quality variables were evaluated, with subsequent calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI), and acute and chronic toxicity tests. The results obtained for the physical, chemical and microbiological variables showed that dissolved oxygen (Sites P3, P5 and P6), turbidity and ammonia nitrogen (Site P6), pH, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, fecal coliform bacteria (Escherichia-coli), cadmium, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc (All locations), presented different values of the limits recommended by CONAMA resolution No 357/2005, for Class II waters. It is noteworthy that such disagreements have occurred at different times. WQI values ranged from good to great quality, despite high values of some variables. For acute tests, the results showed no toxic effect on any of the sites sampled throughout the study period. For acute tests, the results showed no toxic effect on any of the evaluated sites throughout the study period. With regard to chronic tests, toxic effect occurred in 5.59% of the samples for the parameter longevity, observed by the death of Daphnia magna organisms during the test, and 97.90% of the samples for fertility parameter, verified by the reduction in reproduction, in which the samples showed a reduced number of offspring compared to the control (M4 culture medium). Toxic effect events registered for fertility were compared with pH the variables, total phosphorus, BOD, fecal coliforms, cadmium, lead, copper, nickel and zinc, which presented different values of the limits established legislation by CONAMA Nº 357/2005, for water class II, since it was observed that the toxic effect events, often coincided with at least one variable above the limits. Therefore, the results obtained for the physical, chemical and microbiological variables showed that the São Francisco Verdadeiro river is impacted by the use and occupation of the basin; receiving contributions of rural and urban áreas, and chronic toxicity tests indicated inadequate conditions for the protection of aquatic life, showing that they are effective tools for assessing a body of water, can serve as allies of the classic valuation methods. / Os impactos ambientais têm se tornado uma realidade cada vez mais presente nos ecossistemas aquáticos, que sofrem mudanças na constituição dos elementos químicos da água, na disponibilidade e na sua dinâmica de nutrientes. Sendo assim, metodologias abrangentes são necessárias para avaliar o estado real desses ecossistemas, acompanhando suas mudanças Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água da bacia do Rio São Francisco Verdadeiro, por meio da análise de variáveis físicas, químicas, microbiológicas e testes de toxicidade agudos e crônicos, com o organismo-teste Daphnia magna, visando identificar possíveis interferências naturais ou antrópicas. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas quinzenais, em seis locais de amostragem (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 e P6), no período de abril de 2013 a abril de 2014, totalizando 143 amostras, das quais foram avaliadas 31 variáveis de qualidade de água, com posterior cálculo do Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) e os testes de toxicidade agudos e crônicos. Os resultados obtidos para as variáveis físicas, químicas e microbiológicas, mostraram que oxigênio dissolvido (Locais P3, P5 e P6), turbidez e nitrogênio amoniacal (Local P6), pH, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total, coliformes fecais (Escherichia-coli), cádmio, chumbo, manganês, níquel e zinco (Todos os locais) apresentaram valores discordantes dos limites preconizados pela resolução CONAMA No 357/2005, para águas de Classe II. Vale salientar que estas discordâncias ocorreram em períodos distintos. Os valores do IQA variaram de boa a ótima qualidade, apesar dos valores elevados de algumas variáveis. Para os testes agudos, os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito tóxico em nenhum dos locais amostrados em todo o período avaliado. Com relação aos testes crônicos, ocorreu efeito tóxico em 5,59% das amostras, para o parâmetro longevidade, constatado pela morte dos organismos Daphnia magna durante o teste e em 97,90% das amostras, para o parâmetro fecundidade, verificado pela redução na reprodução, em que as amostras apresentaram um número reduzido de filhotes com relação ao controle (Meio de cultivo M4). Os eventos de efeito tóxico registrados para a fecundidade foram comparados com as variáveis pH, fósforo total, DBO, coliformes fecais, cádmio, chumbo, cobre, níquel e zinco, que apresentaram valores discordantes dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação CONAMA No 357/2005 para águas de Classe II, em que observou-se que os eventos de efeito tóxico, em quase todo o período coincidiram com pelo menos uma variável acima dos limites. Dessa maneira, os resultados obtidos para as variáveis físicas, químicas e microbiológicas demonstraram que o rio São Francisco Verdadeiro é impactado pelo uso e ocupação do solo da bacia, recebendo contribuições das áreas rurais e urbanas, e os testes de toxicidade crônicos indicaram condições inadequadas para a proteção da vida aquática, mostrando que são ferramentas eficazes para a avaliação de um corpo de água, podendo servir como aliados dos métodos clássicos de avaliação.

Uma nova abordagem de sistema de gerência de pavimentos ferroviários é exposta nesta tese. O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de um sistema de gerência em nível de rede e análises do custo do ciclo de vida em nível de projeto, adotando como estudo de caso a Estrada de Ferro Vitória Minas. A revisão bibliográfica apresenta modelos de avaliação da qualidade geométrica e estrutural no Brasil e no mundo. O desenvolvimento iniciou-se com a composição do sistema de gerência em nível de rede utilizando um inventário do trecho em estudo, a subdivisão dessa via em segmentos homogêneos de comprimento variável de acordo com a geometria (curva e tangente), e a aplicação de seis códigos: (i) classe de via; (ii) inventário da estrutura do pavimento com base no tipo de dormente; (iii) geometria com a definição da metodologia de avaliação da qualidade geométrica, propondo um índice que aplica o desvio padrão dos parâmetros geométricos (bitola, empeno, alinhamento e nivelamento transversal), a contagem de exceções e os respectivos limites de alerta, intervenção e segurança; (iv) superfície pela análise do desgaste do trilho e defeitos superficiais; (v) segurança pelo coeficiente de atrito; e (vi) capacidade estrutural com a aplicação do módulo de via parametrizado pelo carro controle. A partir dos seis códigos, foi possível categorizar a estratégia de manutenção aplicável e, em nível de projeto, foram analisadas as degradações do lastro e do desgaste do trilho, com definições de equações de predição, o que permitiu simular o custo do ciclo de vida das estratégias. Por fim, para verificar a viabilidade técnica da estratégia de manutenção apontada, foram estudadas as tensões no topo do lastro e do subleito e ainda o módulo de via por retro análise das deflexões medidas da via permanente em duas seções da EFVM. / A new approach to the railroad track management system is presented in this thesis. The main objective of the research was the development of a network management system and life cycle cost analysis in a project level, adopting as a case study of the Estrada de Ferro Vitoria Minas. The bibliographic review has exposed geometric and structural track quality evaluation models in Brazil and in the world. The development began with the composition of the network management system using an inventory of the track under study, the subdivision of the railway into homogeneous segments of variable lengths depending on the geometry (curve and tangent), and the application of six codes: (i) class, (ii) pavement structure inventory based on tie type, (iii) geometry with definition of quality assessment methodology proposing an index that applies the exception counting and the standard deviation of the parameters - cross level, warp, alignment and gauge - and safety, alarm and intervention limits, (iv) surface by analysis of rail wear and rail surface defects, (v) safety by friction coefficient, and (vi) structural capacity with the application of the track modulus parameterized by the track geometry car. From the six codes, it was possible to categorize the applicable maintenance strategy at a project level, create prediction equations of the ballast and the rail wear degradation and simulate life cycle cost of the strategies. In order to verify the technical feasibility of the mentioned maintenance strategy, it was measured the stress at the top of the ballast and subgrade and the track modulus by retroanalysis deflections in two sections of the EFVM.

No description available.

This Thesis presents a framework for modelling species-specific site quality index (SQI) at a spatial resolution of 250 m by integrating biophysical variables of growing degree days (GDD), soil water content (SWC), and incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in descriptions of potential tree growth. Development of GDD maps is based on processing and blending remotely-sensed data acquired with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on the Terra satellite and ETM+ sensor on Landsat-7 satellite at spatial resolutions of 250 m and 28.5 m. Descriptions of SWC are based on a temperature-vegetation wetness index (TVWI) that relies on MODIS-based optical and thermal image products. PAR is estimated with an existing solar-radiation distribution model. SQI is defined as a function of species vital attributes and species environmental response to GDD, TVWI, and PAR. The methods are applied to a balsam fir [bF; Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] dominated region in northwest New Brunswick. Comparisons between SQI and field-based estimates of site index and enhanced vegetation index showed that about 66 and 88% of the values corresponding to a series of Forest Development Survey lines (691 in total) were within 16% of SQI values. On average 92.1% of high bF-content stands (> 50% composition) in the area fell on medium-to-very high SQI values (> 0.50). Based on these agreements, SQI can be perceived as a good predictor of potential tree-species growth in the selection of optimal sites for biomass and wood fibre production.

BACKGROUND Quality improvement literature usually conceptualises two principal dimensions of quality, technical and service. Technical quality is what the customers receive relative to what is known to be effective and largely reflects issues related to the health care providers. Service quality is how the customers receive the services and reflects the way and the environment in which health services are provided. This thesis proposes and tests a third principal dimension, Customer Quality, which is the characteristics that customers need for effective involvement in health care processes, decision making and action to improve the quality of care delivered and received. This model is applied in the context of care for people with Type 2 diabetes as an example of the high priority common chronic diseases and one of the most important public health problems in Australia and worldwide. The study also examines the feasibility of using patient reports of received care as a way of measuring service and technical quality on a population basis. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to assess the quality of delivered care as perceived by people with Type 2 diabetes. Specifically it aims to measure service quality, technical quality, customer quality; and finally an overall quality index by combining all three dimensions. METHODS A community based cross-sectional survey of 603 people with Type 2 diabetes was carried out in Queensland, Australia in 2005/06 using a self-administered questionnaire. The eligible participants were Diabetes Australia-Queensland members over 25 years old with diagnosed Type 2 diabetes at least one year prior to the study. Adherence to the eleven clinical, lifestyle and management indicators, derived from standard Diabetes Australia Guidelines, were measured from the patients’ reports as a representative of technical quality to explore the likely gap between received services and what should have been received in the 12-month period. Focus Group Discussions were used to determine the elements of service quality that were important from the patients’ perspective. Twelve service quality indicators, derived from the review of the literature and the focus groups, were assessed to calculate service quality as perceived by people with Type 2 diabetes. The validated, reliable and practical 13- item Patient Activation Measure was used to evaluate customer quality in terms of customers’ knowledge, skills and confidence. Demographic and disease related information was obtained using a self-reported questionnaire. Two types of outcome variables were used in this study: participantreported binary variables (having complications, continuity of care and diabetes control status) and calculated continuous variables (technical quality rating, service quality and customer quality scores and, finally, the overall quality index). RESULTS The response rate from the 1500 mailed out questionnaires was 40%. Nonrespondents were a little younger (P<0.001) than study participants and matched on gender (P> 0.05). Participants were mostly over 65 years old, over 50% were male, almost half of them were obese and a quarter were studying or had completed tertiary level of education. Almost two-thirds reported well controlled diabetes and 60% had diabetes for more than five years. Most of them were not treated by specialists and maintained continuity of care for their diabetes management. The majority of participants were treated with insulin or oral agents (72%) and 37% reported diabetes complications. Overall adherence rate for top 5 clinical and top 3 management and lifestyle indicators were 49.7% and 18.8% respectively. Over 90% of participants reported an appropriate level of checks of HbA1c, blood pressure and serum cholesterol. For lifestyle and management indicators, reported adherence rates to guidelines were lower than for clinical indicators. Participants who reported care as recommended for blood pressure measurements; feet examinations; self-management, diabetes knowledge and nutritional consultation reviews were more likely to report their diabetes as being well controlled. Participants maintaining continuity of care also reported fewer complications and well controlled diabetes. Of the twelve service quality indicators, the highest service quality score were for support group, basic amenities, dignity and confidentiality. Inadequate quality was identified for overall service quality (86.2), choice of care provider, continuity, timeliness, safety, prevention and accessibility. Younger participants reported lower service quality scores (P=0.001) and participants with good control of their diabetes had higher scores (P<0.001). Overall reported Customer Quality score was 64.5. Ten percent of participants did not achieve the Customer Quality score for the confidence stage and 26% did not reach the actual action stage. Nearly three quarters of respondent reported the capacity to take action for self-management but only 38% reported the highest Customer Quality score equating to perceived ability to change the action by changing health and environment. Participants with a higher level of education and those who maintain continuity of care reported a higher Customer Quality score. Participants with a higher Customer Quality score were also more likely to report well controlled diabetes status. An overall imperfect Quality Index score (70) reflects significant room for overall quality improvement of diabetes care services. The younger participants reported lower Quality Index scores than older ones. Higher Quality Index scores were highly significantly associated with reporting better diabetes control status and continuity of care. There were no significant differences in the Quality Index scores in terms of gender, participants’ education level and diabetes complications. CONCLUSION Customer quality appears to be a useful third dimension in conceptualising quality in health care, particularly in the context of chronic disease where good selfmanagement can improve the outcomes of care. A substantial proportion of Queensland adults with Type 2 diabetes reported receiving suboptimal care. From the perspective of people with Type 2 diabetes there is a notable gap between their expectations and what they have actually received in most aspects of provided care. The overall service quality and choice of care provider, accessibility, prevention, continuity, timeliness and safety were identified to be of inadequate quality. Participants also reported relatively low customer quality scores based on the personal knowledge, skills and confidence as well as low overall quality score for delivered diabetes care. Thus, there was a significant opportunity to improve the quality of diabetes care on all three dimensions. The study demonstrated that a patient selfadministered survey is a potentially useful way of measuring all three dimensions of quality of care for diabetes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zanini_hlht_dr_jabo.pdf: 552523 bytes, checksum: 7b99434ee5c2e8f1dad2de4cceb2b79a (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Foi avaliada a qualidade da água do Córrego Rico, utilizada para abastecimento da cidade de Jaboticabal, quanto aos aspectos limnológicos e microbiológicos, índice de qualidade de água (IQA) e o índice de estado trófico médio (IETm) em três pontos: nascente (CR1); após o lançamento do efluente da estação de tratamento de esgoto de Monte Alto e de uma granja de suínos (CR2) e na captação de água para abastecimento, à jusante da confluência com o Córrego Tijuco (CR3). As variáveis analisadas foram: pH, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, nitrogênio total, fósforo total, ortofosfato, nitrato, nitrito, amônia, clorofila-a, DBO5, colifomes totais, E. coli, condutividade elétrica, sólidos suspensos totais e sólidos dissolvidos totais. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente durante setembro de 2007 a agosto de 2008, envolvendo períodos de seca e chuva, concluindo-se: a) Com exceção da nascente, a água é de má qualidade em relação a aspectos microbiológicos, pois coliformes totais e E. coli ultrapassaram os limites exigidos para rios de classe 2, para a maioria dos meses de estiagem; b) As atividades agrícolas e urbanas no entorno do Córrego influenciaram negativamente na qualidade da água, alterando os parâmetros clorofila-a, DBO5, amônia, ortofosfato e fósforo total; c) Os valores médios de IQA nos três pontos apresentaram relação direta com os valores médios de IETm, porém ocorreu maior discriminação da qualidade da água pelo IETm, identificando diferentes graus de trofia para os pontos e períodos de amostragens; d) O IQA apresentou melhor diferenciação da qualidade da água entre pontos no período seco e o IETm diferenciou melhor no período chuvoso; e) A autodepuração e, ou a confluência do Córrego Tijuco com o Córrego Rico contribuem para melhor qualidade da água no ponto CR3, tornando-a adequada ao abastecimento urbano após tratamento convencional. / Water quality of Rico stream which supplies the town of Jaboticabal SP Brazil with fresh water has been evaluated with regard to limnological and microbiological aspects, water quality indexes (WQI) and trophic state index (TSI), at three sites. These comprise source site (CR1); a site after the release of effluent from the town of Monte Alto sewage treatment station and a pig farm (CR2); and a site downstream of the confluence with Tijuco Stream, at the water receiving-supply station (CR3). Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, chlorophyll-a, DBO5, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, conductivity, total suspended solids and total dissolved solids were the analyzed variables. Collection was undertaken fortnightly, from September 2007 to August 2008, during the dry and rainy seasons. Through the results it was concluded: a) Except for the source of the stream, the water is of poor quality for microbiological aspects, as Escherichia coli and total coliforms exceed the limits required for rivers of Class 2, for most months of drought; b) The urban and agricultural activities around the Rico Stream adversely affect water quality, changing the parameters chlorophyll-a, BOD5, ammonia, orthophosphate and total phosphorus; c) The average values of IQA of tree points showed a direct relationship with the average values of mTSI, but there was greater discrimination of water quality by mTSI, identifying different trophic degrees for points and periods of sampling; d) The WQI showed better differentiation between the quality of water for points in dry season and the mTSI showed better differentiation in rainy season; e) The natural depuration process and the confluence of Tijuco Stream contribute to better water quality in CR3 point, making it suitable for urban supply after conventional treatment.

Water quality has been an issue of concern since the settlement of man and continues to be of great concern today in many locations around the world. In the United States, to address the issues of water pollution, the U.S. Congress passed the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972. This study examines the implementation and prioritization of impaired water bodies listed on the Illinois CWA section 303(d) list between 1992 and 2004. This study used the Delphi survey method to obtain opinions from water quality/management experts that reside in the state of Illinois. The goal of this study was to determine if a consensus could be reached amongst water quality experts on the severity of individual water pollutants for a given designated use of a water body by assigning weights, determining if any prioritization trends exist within the current Illinois 303(d) process, as well as identifying any shortcomings of the process and suggesting possible modes of improvement. The survey identified four major shortcomings of Illinois' current approach to water quality management: 1) limited funding and manpower, 2) lack of coordination/monitoring, 3) failure to regulate point sources, and 4) lack of biological monitoring. The survey respondents indicated that the entire state needs attention in terms of water quality improvement and that agriculture and urban runoff are the most important sources of water pollution and water body impairment. They rated the current prioritization system as being between "average" and "good" and identified that development of a weighting scheme could be feasible as long as it received adequate funding and adequate stakeholder support. The measure of consensus among respondents regarding weights for individual pollutants and designated uses varied significantly; however, the overwhelming majority of consensus values improved after participants were asked to revise their original responses in an effort to move towards central tendency in the distribution of assigned ranks.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-19T19:30:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ronilson_ferreira_freitas.pdf: 5087070 bytes, checksum: a5bcb636f9ce2c039312753f72cda782 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-20T16:50:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ronilson_ferreira_freitas.pdf: 5087070 bytes, checksum: a5bcb636f9ce2c039312753f72cda782 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T16:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ronilson_ferreira_freitas.pdf: 5087070 bytes, checksum: a5bcb636f9ce2c039312753f72cda782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e relacionar a qualidade da dieta materna e a composi??o do leite humano em ?cidos graxos no primeiro trimestre de lacta??o. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiol?gico observacional, transversal que foi desenvolvido no per?odo de agosto de 2014 ? dezembro de 2015. A amostra constituiu-se de 106 nutrizes residentes na zona urbana da cidade de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os instrumentos de coleta dos dados foram question?rio semiestruturado para caracteriza??o da amostra e o recordat?rio de ingest?o habitual. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio do ?ndice de Alimenta??o Saud?vel validado para a popula??o brasileira (IAS). Amostras de leite materno maduro foram obtidas de 106 nutrizes, a partir da 5? semana p?s-parto, por meio de ordenha manual. A extra??o da gordura do leite foi realizada atrav?s do m?todo de Bligh-Dyer, e metiladas com met?xido de s?dio 0,25 mol/l em metanol dietil ? ?ter. O perfil de ?cidos graxos do leite foi determinado por um Cromat?grafo a G?s equipado com detector por ioniza??o de chamas. Para as an?lises deste estudo, foram estimadas as porcentagens m?dias e desvios padr?o, as medianas e intervalos interquart?licos. Utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Sminorv para testar a normalidade dos dados. Foi realizado teste de Correla??o de Pearson e de Spearman, para verificar associa??o entre as vari?veis. Posteriormente foi realizada a an?lise de regress?o linear m?ltipla e an?lise de regress?o multivariada. A pontua??o m?dia do IAS total de 64,36?10,68 e os alimentos do grupo das frutas total, fruta inteira, cereal total, cereal integral e leite e derivados, foram os componentes do IAS das nutrizes com menores pontua??es, e com maior frequ?ncia de nota m?nima. Foi poss?vel observar um baixo consumo de frutas totais, frutas inteiras, cereais totais, cereais integrais e leite e derivados. Dentre os ?cidos graxos saturados, foram observados valores mais elevados para os ?cidos graxos palm?tico (C16:0), este?rico (C18:0), mir?stico (C14:0) e l?urico (C12:0), respectivamente. Entre os ?cidos graxos mono-insaturados, verificou-se maior contribui??o dos ?cidos graxos oleico (C18:1) e palmitoleico (C16:1), respectivamente. O total de ?cidos graxos essenciais (linoleico e ?- linol?nico) foi de 14,94%.Foi poss?vel observar uma rela??o inversa entre o consumo de frutas totais com o perfil de ?cidos graxos poli-insaturados, e uma rela??o direta entre o consumo de frutas totais e cereais totais com os ?cidos mono-insaturados e saturados, o que sugere que a qualidade da dieta reflete na composi??o de ?cidos graxos do leite materno. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The aim of this study was to evaluate and relate the quality of maternal diet and the composition of human milk fatty acids in the first quarter of lactation. This is an observational epidemiological study, cross that was carried out from August 2014 to December 2015. The sample consisted of 106 nursing mothers living in the urban area of the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Collection instruments data were semi-structured questionnaire to characterize the sample and usual intake recall. The quality of the diet was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index validated for the Brazilian population (IAS). Mature human milk samples were obtained from lactating 106, from the 5th week after birth, by manual milking. The extraction of milk fat was performed using the Bligh-Dyer method and methylated with sodium methoxide 0.25 moles/l in methanol diethyl - ether. The profile of fatty acids of milk was determined by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. For the analysis of this study, the estimated mean and standard deviation percentages, medians and interquartile ranges. We used the Kolmogorov-Sminorv test to test the normality of the data. It was performed Pearson correlation test and Spearman to verify associations between variables. Later it was performed the analysis of multiple linear regression and multivariate regression analysis. The average score of all IAS 64.36?10.68 and the food group of all fruits, whole fruit, whole grain, whole grain and dairy products, were the components of the IAS of nursing mothers with lower scores, and more frequency minimum score. It was observed a low intake of total fruits, whole fruits, total grains, whole grains and dairy products. Among the saturated fatty acids, higher values were observed for palmitic fatty acid (C16: 0), stearic (C18: 0), myristic (C14: 0) and lauric (C12: 0), respectively. Among the mono-unsaturated fatty acids there was a higher contribution from the fatty acids oleic (C18: 1) and palmitoleic (C16: 1), respectively. The total essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic ?-) was 14.94%. It was observed an inverse relationship between the intake of total fruit with the profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a direct relation between the consumption of total fruit and total cereal with the monounsaturated and saturated acids, which suggests that the quality diet reflects the fatty acid composition of breast milk.

A presente dissertação tem como tema a atividade pesqueira e suas relações com a degradação do ambiente e da qualidade das águas do rio Taquari, RS. A pesquisa objetiva analisar a degradação ambiental do rio nos trechos que banham os municípios de Encantado, Roca Sales e Arroio do Meio, através da comparação de dados de qualidade das águas com a percepção ambiental dos pescadores artesanais e, também, com aspectos legais relacionados à temática. Assim, foi necessário contextualizar a problemática socioambiental enfrentada pelos pescadores, através da elaboração do perfil socioeconômico, identificar as causas da degradação ambiental do rio Taquari, geradas tanto pela pesca como pelas demais atividades poluidoras, localizar geograficamente os indicadores de degradação ambiental e, comparar, a partir do cálculo do Índice de Qualidade de Água (IQA), a percepção que os pescadores artesanais têm sobre a qualidade. Com base em trabalhos de campo, referenciais teóricos, imagens de satélite, dados de qualidade da água disponibilizados pela Fepam e entrevistas realizadas, foi possível identificar os principais problemas relativos à poluição, atividade pesqueira, qualidade das águas e degradação ambiental. Os dados obtidos com o cálculo do IQA para os pontos de análise da Fepam tiveram como resultado qualidade da água regular: ponto Encantado IQA=70 e ponto a jusante de Estrela e Lajeado IQA=69,3. A percepção dos pescadores sobre os pontos também resultou na classificação de qualidade da água regular, com 50% dos entrevistados no ponto Encantado e 60% dos entrevistados no ponto a jusante de Estrela e Lajeado. Como resultado temos a concordância parcial entre os dados proporcionados pelo IQA (científico) e a percepção dos pescadores, verifica-se que existe uma relação entre o saber científico e o saber tradicional dos pescadores, no entanto essa não coincide totalmente, demostrando como os pescadores percebem e conhecem o ambiente. / This work has as its theme the fishery and its relationship with the degradation of the environment and the quality of the river Taquari, RS. The research aims to analyze the environmental river degradation in parts that bathe the cities of Encantado, Roca Sales and Arroio do Meio, through water quality data compared to the environmental perception of artisanal fishermen and also with legal aspects related to theme. Thus, it was necessary to contextualize the social and environmental problems faced by fishermen, through the development of socioeconomic profile, identify the causes of environmental degradation of the Taquari river, generated both by fishing and by other polluting activities, geolocate the environmental degradation indicators and compare, from the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI), the perception that artisanal fishermen have about quality. Based on fieldwork, theoretical frameworks, satellite images, water quality data available from Fepam and interviews, it was possible to identify the main problems related to pollution, fishing activities, water quality and environmental degradation. The data obtained from the calculation of WQI for the analysis of points of Fepam had quality as a result of regular water: Point Encantado WQI = 69.3 and downstream point of Estrela and Lajeado WQI = 70. The perception of fishermen about the points also resulted in medium water quality classification, 50% of respondents in the Encantado point and 60% of respondents in the downstream point of Estrela and Lajeado. As a result we have a partial agreement among the data provided by the WQI (scientific) and the perception of the fishermen, it turns out that there is a relationship between scientific knowledge and traditional knowledge of fishermen, however this does not coincides fully, showing how the fishermen perceive and know the environment.