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Qualidade do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) armazenado em gelo: métodos sensoriais, físico-químicos e microbiológicos / Quality of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) stored on ice: sensory, physico-chemical and microbiological methodsSilva, Márcio Luís Pontes Bernardo de 26 March 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / This study aimed to develop a scheme based on the Quality Index Method (QIM) to tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) raw stored in ice that determines its shelf life. It was studied 96 specimens of tambaqui captured with fishing net and slaughtered (killed) by hypothermia in ice and water , it was packed in ice boxes and kept on ice in a 1:1 (Kg fish/ice) ratio at a controlled temperature of 0 ± 1 ° C for 24 days. Fishes were evaluated at time 01 , 03 , 05 , 08 , 10 , 12 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 22 , 24 day of ice storage. After sensory, physical-chemistry and microbiological analyses the developed scheme presented 04 quality attributes with a total of 30 points. The pH showed little variation from 6.52 to 6.71, from the beginning to end of the experiment. The average content of BVT changed from 15.23 mg N.100g- 1 to 23.17 mg N.100g- 1 and it did not reach the amount considered unsafe for consumption. Mesophilic, and Psicotrophic bacteria remained with their values below log 106. The experiments with Pseudomonas and Enterobacterias showed their values below the limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) that is log 107, and it was demonstrated by producer bacteria H2S a growth of values reduced throughout the experiment. Then the method proved to be efficient to assess the loss of sensory quality related to the length of time in storage and it indicated an expiration date of 22 days which determine the shelf life of tambaqui. Microbiological analyzes with specific bacterial counts of deteriorating organisms strengthen the sensory results and it suggests the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) raw stored in ice is fit for consumption until the 22nd day. / Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo baseado no Método de Índice de Qualidade (MIQ) para o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) inteiro armazenado em gelo e determinar sua vida de prateleira. Foram utilizados 96 exemplares capturados com rede de despesca e abatidos por hipotermia em água com gelo, acondicionados em caixas isotérmicas mantidas em gelo na proporção de 1:1(Kg peixe/gelo), a uma temperatura controlada de 0±1 °C durante 24 dias. Os peixes foram avaliados nos tempos 01, 03, 05, 08, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24 dias de armazenamento em gelo. Realizadas análises sensoriais, físico-químicas e microbiológicas. O protocolo desenvolvido apresentou 04 atributos de qualidade, cuja soma totalizou 30 pontos. O pH mostrou pequena variação média de 6,52 a 6,71, do início ao final do experimento. O teor médio de BVT variou de 15,23 mg N.100g-1 a 23,17 mg N.100g-1 não atingindo o valor considerado impróprio para o consumo. As bactérias Mesófilas, Psicrófilas e Psicotróficas mantiveram-se com seus valores médios abaixo de log 106. As bactérias Pseudomonas e Enterobactérias apresentaram seus valores médios entre os experimentos próximos abaixo do limite máximo preconizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) que é log 107 e valores reduzidos de crescimento foram demonstrados por bactérias produtoras de H2S durante todo o experimento. Para determinação da vida de prateleira o método mostrou-se eficiente para avaliar a perda de qualidade sensorial relacionada com o tempo de armazenamento, indicando um prazo de validade de 22 dias. As análises microbiológicas, com a contagem bacteriana de organismos deterioradores específicos, reforçam os resultados sensoriais, sugerindo que o tempo de vida de prateleira para o tambaqui inteiro armazenado em gelo é de 22 dias.
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Avaliação da adequabilidade do manejo de um nitossolo por meio do índice sMiguel, João Fernando Apel 15 August 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / This trial aimed at determining the S index using a drip irrigated viticulture in a nitossol. Twenty soil samples were collected for chemical analyses at the same familiar farm in Salto do Lontra city, southwestern Paraná. Richards chamber methodology was applied to make the water retention curve. Statistical process control was chosen to check which elements were under statistical control. Only three elements of the chemical properties were within control chart limits: phosphorus, calcium and aluminum. The calculated values of S index were below the critical value of S = 0.035, which means good physical condition of the soil. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o índice S para um Nitossolo sob viticultura irrigada por gotejamento. Foram coletadas 20 amostras de solo para análises químicas na mesma propriedade agrícola, no município de Salto do Lontra, Sudoeste do Paraná. Foi utilizada a metodologia da câmara de Richards para a confecção da curva de retenção de água no solo. O controle estatístico de processo foi usado para verificar quais elementos químicos estavam sob controle estatístico. Os elementos das propriedades químicas que se apresentaram dentro dos limites dos gráficos de controle foram: fósforo, cálcio e alumínio. Os valores calculados do índice S ficaram abaixo do valor crítico de S = 0,035, o que significa boa condição física do solo.
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An investigation into some signal processing techniques for the development of a low-cost acoustic correlator to detect and locate leaks in buried water pipes /Ayala Castillo, Pedro Christian. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Michael John Brennan / Resumo: O principal problema em companhias de água são os vazamentos em tubulações subterrâneas, devido a sua limitada fonte de recursos hídricos. Correlacionadores de ruídos de vazamentos são usados frequentemente para localizar vazamentos. A detecção de sinais de ruídos de vazamentos ocorre por meio da coleta de dados por sensores, aos quais estão inseridos em lugares extremos ao da localização de um suposto vazamento. Estes dados são correlacionados, obtendo o atraso do tempo entre estes sinais de vazamento. Para converter o atraso do tempo em distância, a velocidade de onda do ruído de vazamento necessita ser conhecida, frequentemente, este tempo é estimado por meio de dados históricos de velocidade ou por tabelas. Usualmente a velocidade não é medida diretamente pelo tempo, sendo uma potencial fonte de erro. Esta tese estuda os fatores que afetam a velocidade de propagação do ruído de vazamento em tubulações de água subterrâneas. Eles envolvem as caraterísticas do filtrado do sistema sensor-tubulação e a potencial faixa de frequência onde o ruído de vazamento possa estar presente, e o efeito da banda de frequência na estimação do atraso do tempo. Os efeitos de distorção na precisão da estimativa do atraso do tempo, são também estudados com foco na quantização e corte dos sinais de vazamento. O efeito de quantização é devido a um convertedor analógico digital. O corte dos sinais de vazamento acontece quando a amplitude do sinal excede os limites do intervalo dinâmico da instrumen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor
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Miegas ir poilsio jausmas: ryšys tarp miego fragmentacijos ir subjektyviai vertinamos miego kokybės / Sleep and the sense of rest: relation between sleep fragmentation and subjective sleep qualityŽakevičius, Martynas 01 October 2012 (has links)
Miego sutrikimai yra vienas labiausiai paplitusių nūdienos medicininių nusiskundimų. Paskutiniu metu miego medicina domimasi vis labiau, keičiasi gydytojų ir visuomenės supratimas apie miegą, jo sutrikimus, ligas ir negalavimus, susijusius su miegu. Vienas iš svarbesnių ir labai varginančių sutrikimų yra miegas be poilsio jausmo. Mokslininkai iki šiol diskutuoja, kas lemia poilsio jausmą po miego. Pastaruoju metu nemažai dėmesio skiriama miego vientisumo ir suskaldymo reikšmės poilsio jausmui tyrimams. Manoma, kad miego fragmentacija – miego suskaidymas dažnais trumpais nubudimais – mažina jo atstatomąją vertę, ypač smegenims. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti miego struktūrą ir kokybę per miego ciklus, fazes ir stadijas bei įvertinti miego struktūros ryšį su poilsio jausmu po miego nepriklausomai nuo nemigos tipo. Buvo nagrinėjami trijų tipų – elgesiniai, vegetaciniai ir žieviniai mikro – nubudimai ir jų dinamika nakties metu, skirtinguose miego cikluose ir stadijose. Subjektyviai vertinama miego kokybė buvo analizuojama pasitelkus Pitsburgo miego kokybės indeksą. Darbo rezultatai parodė, kad miego stabilumas nakties pradžioje turi didesnę įtaką subjektyviam miego kokybės jausmui negu miegas nakties pabaigoje. Nubudimų indekso dydžiui reikšmingos įtakos turi miego stadija ir nubudimo tipas, nepriklausomai nuo miego ciklo, o didžiausią įtaką poilsio jausmui turi visų tipų nubudimų, ypač žievinių mikronubudimų, indeksų padidėjimas antroje lėtojo miego stadijoje. / Sleep disorders are one of the most common medical complaints today. There is a growing interest in sleep medicine, attitude of doctors and society is changing and knowledge about sleep and its disorders is increasing. One of the most tedious and understudied sleep problems is non-restorative sleep.
Researchers are still debating about what determines persons rest sense after the sleep. A lot of attention recently is paid for sleep integrity and a role of sleep fragmentation for the rest sense. It is thought that sleep fragmentation with short arousals could have effect on the sleeps restorative function.
The aim of our study was to analyze sleep structure and sleep quality through sleep cycles, phases and stages and to evaluate structure’s relationship with subjective sense of rest after the sleep without paying attention to the type of insomnia. We have analysed three types of arousals (behavioural, vegetative and microarousals) and their dynamics during the night, in different sleep cycles and stages. Subjective sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index.
Work results showed that for the subjective sense of rest after the sleep it is more important the stability of sleep in the initial than in the last sleep cycles. Sleep stage and arousal type regardless of sleep cycle are significant factors for the arousal index values and that increase of all arousal indices in NREM 2 stage (especially increase of microarousal index) has strongest impact for... [to full text]
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Sleep and the sense of rest: relation between sleep fragmentation and subjective sleep quality / Miegas ir poilsio jausmas: ryšys tarp miego fragmentacijos ir subjektyviai vertinamos miego kokybėsŽakevičius, Martynas 01 October 2012 (has links)
Sleep disorders are one of the most common medical complaints today. There is a growing interest in sleep medicine, attitude of doctors and society is changing and knowledge about sleep and its disorders is increasing. One of the most tedious and understudied sleep problems is non-restorative sleep.
Researchers are still debating about what determines persons rest sense after the sleep. A lot of attention recently is paid for sleep integrity and a role of sleep fragmentation for the rest sense. It is thought that sleep fragmentation with short arousals could have effect on the sleeps restorative function.
The aim of our study was to analyze sleep structure and sleep quality through sleep cycles, phases and stages and to evaluate structure’s relationship with subjective sense of rest after the sleep without paying attention to the type of insomnia. We have analysed three types of arousals (behavioural, vegetative and microarousals) and their dynamics during the night, in different sleep cycles and stages. Subjective sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index.
Work results showed that for the subjective sense of rest after the sleep it is more important the stability of sleep in the initial than in the last sleep cycles. Sleep stage and arousal type regardless of sleep cycle are significant factors for the arousal index values and that increase of all arousal indices in NREM 2 stage (especially increase of microarousal index) has strongest impact for... [to full text] / Miego sutrikimai yra vienas labiausiai paplitusių nūdienos medicininių nusiskundimų. Paskutiniu metu miego medicina domimasi vis labiau, keičiasi gydytojų ir visuomenės supratimas apie miegą, jo sutrikimus, ligas ir negalavimus, susijusius su miegu. Vienas iš svarbesnių ir labai varginančių sutrikimų yra miegas be poilsio jausmo. Mokslininkai iki šiol diskutuoja, kas lemia poilsio jausmą po miego. Pastaruoju metu nemažai dėmesio skiriama miego vientisumo ir suskaldymo reikšmės poilsio jausmui tyrimams. Manoma, kad miego fragmentacija – miego suskaidymas dažnais trumpais nubudimais – mažina jo atstatomąją vertę, ypač smegenims. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti miego struktūrą ir kokybę per miego ciklus, fazes ir stadijas bei įvertinti miego struktūros ryšį su poilsio jausmu po miego nepriklausomai nuo nemigos tipo. Buvo nagrinėjami trijų tipų – elgesiniai, vegetaciniai ir žieviniai mikro – nubudimai ir jų dinamika nakties metu, skirtinguose miego cikluose ir stadijose. Subjektyviai vertinama miego kokybė buvo analizuojama pasitelkus Pitsburgo miego kokybės indeksą. Darbo rezultatai parodė, kad miego stabilumas nakties pradžioje turi didesnę įtaką subjektyviam miego kokybės jausmui negu miegas nakties pabaigoje. Nubudimų indekso dydžiui reikšmingos įtakos turi miego stadija ir nubudimo tipas, nepriklausomai nuo miego ciklo, o didžiausią įtaką poilsio jausmui turi visų tipų nubudimų, ypač žievinių mikronubudimų, indeksų padidėjimas antroje lėtojo miego stadijoje.
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Svarstomosios demokratijos apraiškos internete: viešų klimato kaitos diskusijų socialiniame tinkle Facebook kokybės vertinimas / Manifestations of deliberative democracy online: measuring quality of global public discussions on climate change on FacebookBirbilaitė, Inesa 09 October 2013 (has links)
Disertacija siekiama įvertinti pasirinkto socialinio tinklo viešojo diskurso potencialą demokratinių procesų palaikymui. Tirtos viešosios klimato kaitos diskusijos (komentarai) socialiniame tinkle Facebook. Empiriniams duomenims surinkti ir apdoroti naudojamas Diskurso kokybės indeksas: įvertinta, kaip analizuojamų komentarų kokybė atitinka idealųjį habermasiškąjį diskurso kokybės supratimą. Analizuojant ir interpretuojant surinktus duomenis, įvertintos Web 2.0 komunikacijos charakteristikos (kaip galimybės ir kliūtys svarstomosios demokratijos procesams palaikyti); taip pat aptarti klimato kaitos moksliniai ir politiniai aspektai (aktualizuojant rizikos komunikacijos ir deliberatyviosios demokratijos teorines prieigas). Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog analizuotų viešų komentarų kokybė yra nepakankama, kad galėtų daryti konkrečią įtaką politinių sprendimų priėmimo procesuose. Pagrindinės to priežastys: a) auditorijų poliarizacija; b) nesutarimais grįsta politinė diskusija; c) nepakankamas dalyvių mokslinis ir politinis išprusimas; d) nerimtas dalyvių nusiteikimas. / The major purpose of this dissertation was to measure quality of preselected public discussions (in form of comments) generated on popular online social network Facebook. We used Discourse Quality Index as the main instrument to collect and analyze our empirical data. In particular, we measured how the quality of our discussions corresponded to the preconditions of Habermasian ideal discourse perception. In our analysis, we highlighted the role of Web 2.0 based online communications environments to support, promote or, possibly, neglect traditions and principles of deliberative democracy. Our results revealed that quality of the discussions we analyzed is not good enough; consequently, they cannot be considered by policymakers and have positive impact on decisions made. The main reasons of that are: a) audience polarization; b) dissensual political discourse; c) low participants’ scientific and political literacy; d) not serious or light role that participants undertake in the discourse.
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Manifestations of deliberative democracy online: measuring quality of global public discussions on climate change on Facebook / Svarstomosios demokratijos apraiškos internete: viešų klimato kaitos diskusijų socialiniame tinkle Facebook kokybės vertinimasBirbilaitė, Inesa 09 October 2013 (has links)
The major purpose of this dissertation was to measure quality of preselected public discussions (in form of comments) generated on popular online social network Facebook. We used Discourse Quality Index as the main instrument to collect and analyze our empirical data. In particular, we measured how the quality of our discussions corresponded to the preconditions of Habermasian ideal discourse perception. In our analysis, we highlighted the role of Web 2.0 based online communications environments to support, promote or, possibly, neglect traditions and principles of deliberative democracy. Our results revealed that quality of the discussions we analyzed is not good enough; consequently, they cannot be considered by policymakers and have positive impact on decisions made. The main reasons of that are: a) audience polarization; b) dissensual political discourse; c) low participants’ scientific and political literacy; d) not serious or light role that participants undertake in the discourse. / Disertacija siekiama įvertinti pasirinkto socialinio tinklo viešojo diskurso potencialą demokratinių procesų palaikymui. Tirtos viešosios klimato kaitos diskusijos (komentarai) socialiniame tinkle Facebook. Empiriniams duomenims surinkti ir apdoroti naudojamas Diskurso kokybės indeksas: įvertinta, kaip analizuojamų komentarų kokybė atitinka idealųjį habermasiškąjį diskurso kokybės supratimą. Analizuojant ir interpretuojant surinktus duomenis, įvertintos Web 2.0 komunikacijos charakteristikos (kaip galimybės ir kliūtys svarstomosios demokratijos procesams palaikyti); taip pat aptarti klimato kaitos moksliniai ir politiniai aspektai (aktualizuojant rizikos komunikacijos ir deliberatyviosios demokratijos teorines prieigas). Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog analizuotų viešų komentarų kokybė yra nepakankama, kad galėtų daryti konkrečią įtaką politinių sprendimų priėmimo procesuose. Pagrindinės to priežastys: a) auditorijų poliarizacija; b) nesutarimais grįsta politinė diskusija; c) nepakankamas dalyvių mokslinis ir politinis išprusimas; d) nerimtas dalyvių nusiteikimas.
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Work Limitations and Productivity Loss Are Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life but Not with Clinical Severity in Patients with PsoriasisSchmitt, Jochen M., Ford, Daniel E. 28 February 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Background: According to current guidelines the cost of productivity loss should be considered in pharmacoeconomic analyses. The cost of health-related productivity loss in psoriasis patients is unknown. Objective: To estimate the cost of productivity loss in psoriasis and its association with health-related quality of life and clinical disease severity. Methods: Cross-sectional study, recruitment of adult participants through Internet advertisements. 201 (72.3%) out of 278 eligible participants completed the study. Health-related work productivity loss, quality of life and clinical severity of psoriasis were assessed by standardized instruments. Results: Indirect costs of productivity loss clearly exceed the total direct cost. In contrast to objective clinical disease severity, health-related quality of life (measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index) is an independent predictor of work productivity. Conclusions: There is good reason to believe that intervention can reduce health-related productivity loss by improving patients’ quality of life. Savings from increased work productivity might offset comparatively high acquisition costs of biological agents. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Is the Adequate Criterion to Define Severity in Chronic Plaque-Type PsoriasisSchmitt, Jochen, Wozel, Gottfried 28 February 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Background: Chronic plaque-type psoriasis is a major dermatosis, but a significant question is still unanswered: What defines severity in chronic plaque-type psoriasis? While objective assessments like the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) have frequently been used in clinical trials, quality of life (QOL) questionnaires are currently becoming more and more popular. Objective: This article summarizes the most important objective and subjective measurements of severity in psoriasis. For every dermatologist it is critically important to distinguish between severe psoriasis and psoriasis that severely affects QOL. Even if the PASI also has disadvantages, it is the most adequate instrument available to evaluate severity in plaque-type psoriasis. Result: We provide reasons why PASI >12 defines severe, PASI 7–12 moderate and PASI <7 mild chronic plaque-type psoriasis. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Avaliação e monitoramento da qualidade da água em pisciculturas em tanques-rede em um braço do Rio Grande, no Reservatório de Ilha Solteira/SP /Sant'Anna, Iara Bernardi January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Sérgio Luís de Carvalho / Resumo: O Brasil possui amplo potencial para a aquicultura, atividade apontada como uma importante alternativa para o crescimento da produção de pescado no país. A atividade é realizada muitas vezes nos sistemas abertos (reservatórios), e medidas de controle e prevenção assumem grande importância por conta da dificuldade para redução de impactos ambientais desta atividade nas águas, que deve ser preservada a fim de se garantir os seus múltiplos usos. Neste estudo foram realizados o monitoramento e a avaliação da qualidade da água no Ribeirão Can-can, onde estão instaladas três pisciculturas com sistema de cultivo em tanques-rede, localizadas no Reservatório de Ilha Solteira, município de Santa Clara d’Oeste - SP. As amostragens necessárias para a pesquisa e análises foram realizadas com frequência mensal no período entre setembro/2016 e setembro/2017 em quatro pontos do corpo hídrico considerados estratégicos para o objetivo do estudo. A partir dos resultados obtidos das análises físico-químicas e biológicas foi realizada uma análise comparativa com os padrões estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA n° 357/05 para águas doces classe 2, e aplicado o Índice de Qualidade da Água - IQA da CETESB (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo), a fim de se obter uma classificação quanto a qualidade do corpo hídrico monitorado e poder correlacioná-la com possíveis causas de poluição. Para os valores de IQA observados a qualidade da água foi classificada entre boa e ótima. Apesar disso, foram cons... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Brazil has a large potential for aquiculture, which is listed as an important alternative to rise fishing production in the country. The activity is developed mostly in open systems (reservoirs), and control and prevention actions take important place due to the difficulty to reduce the environmental impacts of this activity on water, which must be preserved in order to guarantee its multiple uses. In this study, water quality monitoring and evaluation was carried out in Ribeirão Can-can, where are installed three units of fish farms in cage system located at Ilha Solteira Reservoir, at the city of Santa Clara d’Oeste - SP. The analyses needed for the research were carried monthly from September 2016 to September 2017 in four strategic sites of the water body. As of the results of physical, chemical and biological tests a comparative analysis was made with CONAMA Resolution nº 357/05 standards for fresh waters class 2 and applying the Water Quality Index (WQI) from CETESB (Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo) in order to obtain a quality classification level of the monitored water body and correlate it with possible sources of pollution. With the results of WQI observed, the water quality was classified between good and great. Despite it, were found high phosphorus concentrations in all samples, varying between 0,07 mg/L and 0,96 mg/L. As so, the waters of Ribeirão Cancan deserve attention by constant monitoring and evaluations because of its high potential to eut... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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