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The Relationships Between Sleep Disturbances, Depression, Inflammatory Markers, and Sexual Trauma in Female VeteransMarcolongo, Ellen 22 April 2014 (has links)
The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to assess for the relationships among sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, inflammatory markers, and sexual trauma in female veterans. This may contribute to an understanding of the physical and mental health effects of sexual trauma in female veterans. Correlational analyses were conducted to evaluate the strength of these relationships. A reported history of sexual trauma was significantly correlated with longer sleep latencies, poorer sleep efficiency, shorter sleep durations, more daytime dysfunction, and poorer overall sleep quality in female veterans. A reported history of sexual trauma was also significantly correlated with depressive symptoms including anhedonia and a negative affect in female veterans. No significant correlations were noted between inflammatory markers and a reported history of sexual trauma in female veterans. Female veterans with a reported history of sexual trauma had more trouble falling and staying asleep, had more trouble functioning during daytime hours, and had total poorer sleep quality. These veterans also appeared depressed and they found normally pleasurable activities unenjoyable. Disturbed sleep and depressive symptoms may be risk factors in the development of chronic health diseases. By assessing and treating the sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms experienced by sexually traumatized female veterans, nurses may help to prevent the development of costly and deadly chronic diseases
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Evaluation of the Relationship between Quality of Life and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Cancer Patients in TaiwanDu, Wei-Ning 30 August 2012 (has links)
PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of cancer patients in Taiwan who use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to cancer patients who do not use CAM and determine the predictors of quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients who use CAM.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with and 3 questionnaires (the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire, the Brief Fatigue Inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were administered to 216 cancer patients being treated at the Nuclear Medicine Department in southern Taiwan. Chi-square testing for categorical variables and t-testing for continuous variables were conducted to determine the correlation between sociodemographic and clinical data and CAM use. Analysis of variance was performed to conduct within-group comparison of QoL scales and CAM use. Linear regression models were established to predict QoL score.
RESULTS: A total of 216 cancer patients were interviewed. The prevalence of CAM use was found to be 69.4% (150 of 216 subjects). Among the CAM users, 91.6% had used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), dietary supplementation (vitamin, herbal, mineral, glucosamine, mushroom, and/or fish oil supplementation), or detoxification therapy. A greater percentage (49.5%) of CAM users had breast cancer than any other type of cancer, and a very large percentage (74.7%) did not inform their primary caregiver of their CAM use, whereas 52.7% used CAM after initiation of diagnosis and 26.7% increased the original frequency of their CAM use during the course of their treatment. Overall QoL was not found to be significantly different between CAM users and nonusers. Predictors of poor QoL were female gender, breast or liver cancer patient, younger age, lower education, chemotherapy, increased frequency of CAM use, non-vitamin/TCM use, and having received CAM information from primary caregiver. The factors of CAM use, number of CAM modalities used, frequency of CAM use, duration of cancer diagnosis, mineral/algae supplementation, and detoxification therapy were not found to be significant in this population.
CONCLUSION: Cancer patients in Taiwan have a high rate of CAM use but a low rate of disclosure of CAM use to their primary caregivers. Multiple factors appear to have a significant correlation with poor QoL. Clinical physicians should emphasize the QoL of cancer survivors, providing more accurate CAM information and endeavoring to address their unmet needs.
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The Policy Research of Quality Management from Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure in Elderly Care FacilitiesTsay, Shwu-feng 20 October 2006 (has links)
The objective of this study is to test if the hypothesis of the environmental gerontology theory can be applied to a cross-cultural environment. This study examined the applicability and functionality of the Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP), a tool based on the environmental gerontology theory, and assessed the quality of elderly care facilities in Taiwan. Special emphasis was placed in examining the functionality of the MEAP from the cross-cultural standpoint and also in identifying the associations or potential impacting factors of care quality. This is the first study with the application of the MEAP to examine the quality of the two major care facilities in Taiwan. Results of this study provide not only an insight into the characteristics of the elderly care facilities ,and a reference for policy making and regulation, but also valuable data for cross-cultural comparisons.
The study employed the MEAP to achieve the stated objectives and further evaluated the differences in the characteristics of the two major elderly care facilities, namely the nursing homes and assisted-living facilities in Kaohsiung city in Taiwan. This cross-sectional research was conducted with questionnaires by 687 employees (excluding foreign workers) and 429 residents in 35 nursing homes and 41 assisted living facilities in Kaohsiung city were interviewed. Participants were selected from residents who were conscious and without cognitive disorder for face-to-face questionnaire interviews. For facilities with ten or more residents, 50% of the eligible residents were selected for this interview. For facilities having less than ten residents, all those qualified residents were interviewed. Results were analyzed on the basis of institutional units rather than the individual basis.
Results showed that the MEAP effectively evaluated the associations of the multiple environmental factors with the quality of life of the two major elderly care facilities in Kaohsiung city. Standardized multiple quality indexes mode showed that the assisted-living facilities have better overall quality than nursing homes do. The major findings are:
1.The major residents of elderly care facilities in Kaohsiung city were the socioeconomically less privileged residents, including house wifes, the disabled, and widowed. The service most needed was personal care such as bathing.
2.Based on the MEAP, a total of eight significant variables were compared between nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Among these variables, nursing homes were better in staff resource than that of the assisted living facilities. Assisted-living facilities were better in all other seven variables including functional abilities, activities in community, acceptance of problem behavior, physical amenities, social-recreational aids, and orientational aids and staff facilities.
3.The staff members of both nursing homes and assisted living facilities have better SCES than that of their residents.
4.Compared to assisted living facilities, the nursing homes were superior in staff level and staff resources but inferior in comfort, security, and control. No differences were observed in services, autonomy, rapport and morale.
5.The characteristics of organizational management, such as ownership, type and size, were important impacting factors of care quality. The nonprofit-nursing homes were better scored in six of the eight quality indexes than the ones owned by privately-for-profit.
6.Factors that influenced the quality of the nursing homes include number of workers, number of beds, number of residents, ownership, functional abilities, actively level, activities in community, occupancy rate and type of elderly care facility.
7.Factors that influenced the quality of assisted living facilities include occupancy rate, number of residents, number of workers, activity level and type of elderly care facility.
8.The regression model for the outcome of multiple environmental quality indexes with the structure and process indexes is related in nursing homes. The regression model indicates that the model significantly predicted outcome quality index (morale) (R2 = 49.4%). Both structure quality index (comfort and safety) and process quality index (autonomy and rapport) were significant predicting factors of outcome quality index (morale). Autonomy was a negative predicting factor.
9.Standardized multiple environmental quality index indicated that based on the MEAP, assisted living facilities had a little bit higher quality than that of nursing homes in Kaohsiung city.
In conclusion, this study confirmed the hypothesis that the MEAP can be applied effectively to evaluate the quality of elderly care facilities in a cross-cultural environment. However, cultural differences do have an impact on the functionality of the tool. Results of this study indicate that the two major elderly care facilities in Kaohsiung city have relatively similar characteristics, but the assisted living facilities are slightly better in overall quality than that of nursing homes. The major factors that impact the quality of elderly care facilities are the operational characteristics and efficience. Results of this study indicate that the MEAP provides very useful indicators for assessing the quality of elderly care facilities in Taiwan, especially for nursing homes. The MEAP identified more structure and process-related impacting factors than outcome-related impacting factors in this study. Concerning cultural difference, the MEAP could be benefited from some modification in certain measurements, especially in facility atmosphere(SCES), when applied in Taiwan.
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Auditory models for evaluating algorithmsKressner, Abigail A. 05 July 2011 (has links)
Hearing aids are tasked with the undesirable job of compensating an impaired, highly-nonlinear auditory system. Historically, these devices have either employed linear processing or relatively unsophisticated, nonlinear processing techniques. With increasingly more accurate models of the auditory system, expanding computational power, and many more objective measures which utilize these models, we are at a turning point in hearing aid design.
Although subjective listener tests are often the most accepted methods for evaluating the quality and intelligibility of speech, they inherently treat the auditory system as a "black box." Conversely, model-based objective measures typically treat the auditory system as a cascade of physical processes. As a result, objective measures have the potential to provide more detailed information about how sound is processed and about where and why quality or intelligibility breaks down. Provided that we can generalize model-based objective measures, we can use the measures as tools for understanding how to best process degraded signals, and therefore, how to best design hearing aids.
However, generalizability is a key requirement. Since many of the well-known objective measures have been developed for normal-hearing listeners in the context of audio codecs, we are unsure about the generalizability of these measures to predicting quality and intelligibility for hearing-impaired listeners with "unknown" datasets (i.e. a set on which it was not trained) and distortions which are specific to hearing aids. Relatively recently, however, Kates and Arehart (Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 2010) proposed the Hearing Aid Speech Quality Index (HASQI), which is a model-based objective measure that predicts quality for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners by taking into account many of the distortions which hearing aids introduce. HASQI solves many of our concerns of generalizability for predicting quality, but it still remains to test HASQI's ability to predict quality with datasets on which it was not trained. Thus, we explore the robustness of HASQI by testing its ability to predict quality for "unknown" de-noised speech, and we directly compare its performance to some other metrics in the literature.
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Design Considerations for Engineered MyocardiumSheehy, Sean Paul 04 June 2015 (has links)
The fabrication of biomimetic heart muscle suitable for pharmaceutical compound evaluation and disease modeling is hindered by limitations in our understanding of how to guide and assess the maturity of engineered myocardium in vitro. We hypothesized that tissue architecture serves as an important cue for directing the maturation of engineered heart tissues and that reliable assessment of maturity could be performed using a multi-parametric rubric utilizing cardiomyocytes of known developmental state as a basis for comparison. Physical micro-environmental cues are recognized to play a fundamental role in normal heart development, therefore we used micro-patterned extracellular matrix to direct isolated cardiac myocytes to self-assemble into anisotropic sheets reminiscent of the architecture observed in the laminar musculature of the heart. Comparison of global sarcomere alignment, gene expression, and contractile stress in engineered anisotropic myocardium to isotropic monolayers, as well as, adult ventricular tissue revealed that anisotropic engineered myocardium more closely matched the characteristics of adult ventricular tissue, than isotropic cultures of randomly organized cardiomyocytes. These findings support the notion that tissue architecture is an important cue for building mature engineered myocardium. Next, we sought to develop a quality assessment strategy that utilizes a core set of 64 experimental measurements representative of 4 major categories (i.e. gene expression, myofibril structure, electrical activity, and contractility) to provide a numeric score of how closely stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes match the physiological characteristics of mature, post-natal cardiomyocytes. The efficacy of this rubric was assessed by comparing anisotropic engineered tissues fabricated from commercially-available murine ES- (mES) and iPS- (miPS) derived myocytes against neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes. The quality index scores calculated for these cells revealed that the miPS-derived myocytes more closely resembled the neonate ventricular myocytes than the mES-derived myocytes. Taken together, the results of these studies provide valuable insight into the fabrication and validation of engineered myocardium that faithfully recapitulate the characteristics of mature ventricular myocardium found in vivo. These engineered tissue design and quality validation strategies may prove useful in developing heart muscle analogs from human stem cell-derived myocytes that more accurately predict patient response than currently used animal models. / Engineering and Applied Sciences
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How far away are we from deliberative politics? : Online authoritarian deliberation on Tencent Weibo in the PRCLu, Xinrui January 2014 (has links)
Emerging online discussions in a Weibo (micro-blogging) platform argue for the new possibility of online deliberation in Chinese cyberspace. In order to ascertain the extent to which this platform is being used, the author has conducted a case study to measure the quality of deliberation of an online discussion of genetically modified (GM) foods in the comment section of posts written by Mr. Cui and Mr. Fang on Tencent Weibo. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the data, both methods of Discourse Quality Index (DQI) and interview have been used. The findings of the research indicate that the online discussion fails to meet two necessary criteria of deliberation: rational and logical statements and consensus building. However, the study results are not totally negative, since the levels of interaction, information exchange, mutual understanding and neutral expression are relatively high. According to the author, in the contemporary stage, online authoritarian deliberation faces many problems in the PRC. At micro level, first, online expression is irrational and illogical; second, it is hard to reach consensus building; third, participants are stubborn to their pre-given wills; forth, some people are indifferent to online discussions. At macro level, first, most of the online discussions have low external impact on decision-making; second, the strong government control may hinder the development of online deliberation.
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Validation of a Canadian drinking source water quality index and its application to investigate the spatial scale of land use – source water quality relationshipsHurley, Tim 13 April 2012 (has links)
Source water protection is a key component of the multiple barrier approach to drinking water. The management of contamination within source water ecosystems is associated with many benefits but also several challenges. By its very nature, source water protection is site specific and requires the cooperation of numerous watershed stakeholders to ensure sufficient financial resources and social will. This work focused on two critical aspects of source water protection:
1) The facilitation of effective communication to promote cooperation among watershed stakeholders and aid in public education programs.
A drinking source water quality index presents a potential communication and analysis tool to facilitate cooperation between diverse interest groups as well as represent composite source water quality. I tested the effectiveness of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) in capturing expert assessments of surface drinking source water quality. In cooperation with a panel of drinking water quality experts I identified a core set of parameters to reflect common Canadian surface source water concerns. Based upon existing source water guidelines, drinking source water target values were drafted for use in the index corresponding to two basic treatment levels. Index scores calculated using the core parameter set and associated source water target values were strongly correlated with expert assessments of source water quality. Amended with a modified index calculation procedure to accommodate parameters measured at different frequencies within any particular study period, the CCME WQI provides a valuable means of monitoring, communicating, and understanding surface source water quality.
2) The application of source water protection strategies to the appropriate spatial scale in order to manage contaminants of concern in a cost effective manner.
Using data gathered from 40 Canadian rivers across 4 western Canadian ecozones I examined the spatial scales at which landuse was most closely associated with drinking source water quality metrics. Linear mixed effects models revealed that different spatial areas of landuse influence drinking source water quality depending on the parameter and season investigated. Microbial risk, characterized using E. coli measures, was only associated with landuse at the local spatial scale. Turbidity measures exhibited a complex association with landuse suggesting that the landuse areas of greatest influence can range from the local to the watershed scale. Total organic carbon concentrations were only associated with landuse characterized at the entire watershed scale. The validated CCME WQI was used to provide a composite measure of seasonal drinking source water quality but did not provide additional information beyond the analyses of individual parameters. These results suggest that entire watershed management is required to safeguard drinking water sources with more focused efforts at targeted spatial scales to reduce identified risk parameters.
The source water protection tools and knowledge that I present have immediate application within Canada. Practitioners must be aware of the limitations of the CCME WQI however it provides a validated means of communicating complex source water quality information to non-specialized end users. Combined with the scale dependency of landuse-source water relationships that I elucidated, water quality managers can target contaminant reduction strategies in a more cost-effective manner and relay water quality status and trends to concerned groups. / Graduate
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Capacidade de auto-recuperação de cursos d'água urbanos : estudo de caso : Córrego Campestre em Lins - SP /Viveiros, José Ivan Abeid. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Sérgio Luis de Carvalho / Banca: Edson Pereira Tangerino / Banca: Wallace de Oliveira / Resumo: As características do meio ambiente são intensamente alteradas quando a intervenção do homem afeta o solo, a hidrologia, as interações ecológicas, estabilidade e equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, gerando perda da biodiversidade e degradação ambiental. A urbanização e o manejo inadequado do solo prejudicam a conservação e recuperação dos ambientes naturais. O estudo da auto-recuperação espontânea dos rios é importante para se criar padrões de qualidade e avaliar os prejuízos reais causados pelos despejos de efluentes. Justifica-se portanto, um estudo da atual situação tanto do Córrego Campestre quanto da sua capacidade de recuperar-se. O presente trabalho foi realizado no Município de Lins, localizado no Estado de São Paulo. Abrange a microbacia do Córrego Campestre, onde a área da cidade compreende uma extensão de 25% da microbacia em estudo. Utilizou-se a metodologia do Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA), a qual permite resumir todos os valores dos parâmetros medidos em um único número. Os parâmetros necessários foram medidos a partir de coletas e análises de amostras de água do Córrego Campestre, no período de seca e de chuva. Assim, escolheu-se 7 pontos distintos, onde realizaram-se as coletas das amostras de água, a fim de classificar a qualidade da água do córrego e sua capacidade de autodepuração. Tendo como base os limites dados pela Resolução CONAMA nº 357/05, que estabelece padrões para o lançamento de efluentes e classificação dos corpos d'água, foram combinadas informações de imagens de satélites, fotos dos locais de cada ponto de coleta de amostras e os resultados dos parâmetros analisados. Na área urbana, constatou-se que os impactos ambientais das atividades humanas (desenvolvidas na área urbana), principalmente lançamentos de esgotos clandestinos nos cursos d'água e a supressão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The characteristics of the environment are heavily modified when the intervention of man affects the soil, hydrology, ecological interactions, stability and balance of ecosystems, causing loss of biodiversity and environmental degradation. The urbanization and inadequate soil management affect the conservation and restoration of natural environments. The self-study of spontaneous recovery of the rivers is important to establish standards and evaluate the actual losses caused by dumping of effluents. So why is a study of the current situation of both the Stream Campestre or his ability to rebuild themselves. This study was conducted in the city of Lins, located in the State of São Paulo. It covers the watershed of the stream Campestre, where the area of the city, covers an area of 25% of the watershed under study. Using the methodology of the Water Quality Index (WQI), which can summarize all the values of the parameters measured in a single number. The necessary parameters were measured from samples and analysis of water samples from the Stream Campestre, the period of drought and rain. Thus, it chose 7 different points, where there were the collections of water samples in order to classify the water quality of the stream and its ability to self recovery. Based on the limits given by Resolution CONAMA n º 357/05, which establishes standards for the release of effluents and classification of water bodies were combined information from satellite images, photos of places of each point of water collected and the results analyzed parameters in the urban area and found that the environmental impacts of human activities undertaken in the urban area, mainly in the illegal release of sewage water courses and the removal of riparian vegetation to provide increased concentrations of sediment, nutrients and fecal coliform . It was also from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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Eficiência da osmose reversa no tratamento de água de poços salobros e salinos em comunidades e assentamentos rurais do Oeste PotiguarAntas, Francisco Pio de Souza 31 January 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-01-31 / In the semi-arid region, due to the predominance of the crystalline basement, the ground waters usually have high concentration of salts. To make these waters suitable for consumption, desalination plants have been installed in rural communities and settlements to meet the water demand. However, regardless of the efficiency of the membrane and installed structure of the desalinators, the reverse osmosis system will always produce not only potable water, but also a residue (brine or concentrated reject) with salt concentration higher than that of the original water. Our first objective was to investigate the efficiency of reverse osmosis in the purification of water from brackish and saline wells in desalination plants installed in Rural Communities and Settlements in Western Rio Grande do Norte. Second, we aimed was to study hydrochemical properties of the waters from the desalination process (well water, saline reject and purified water). The third objective was to propose a relative quality index for the waters from the reverse osmosis treatment plants for irrigation purposes. Four campaigns were carried out to collect samples of well water, purified water and reject brine, from October 2013 to November 2014, in 7 inland desalination plants of Rural Communities and/or Settlements in Western Rio Grande do Norte. The following parameters were determined: reverse osmosis efficiency in water purification and the quality parameters electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cations (sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium) and anions (chloride, carbonate and bicarbonate), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI) and Calcium/Magnesium ratio. In addition, the influence of LSI and RSI on the recovery rate of the reverse osmosis desalination systems was also investigated. The analyses of the results indicate that the mean recovery rate of the desalination systems was equal to 32.11% for October/November 2013, 52.42% for February/March 2014, 41.41% for June/July 2014 and 33.60% for October/November 2014. High values of Index Assessment of a desalination plant's water quality are shown as possible delineators of risk of soil salinization and groundwater deterioration. The highest degree of land use impact upon on the water quality from desalination plant was recorded in reject brine samples followed by well water. As to the classification of the waters, 17.86% of the analyzed water samples were classified as excellent (Class I), 22.62% as good (Class II), 22.62% as intermediate (Class III), 10.71% as poor (Class IV) and 26.19% as very poor (Class V) / No semiárido, devido a predominância do embasamento cristalino, as águas subterrâneas, geralmente, alta concentração de sais. A fim de tornar estas águas próprias para consumo, dessalinizadores têm sido instalados em comunidades e assentamentos rurais para suprir a demanda hídrica. Porém, independentemente da eficiência da membrana e da estrutura instalada dos dessalinizadores, o sistema de osmose reversa produzirá sempre a água potável, mas também a resíduo (rejeito salmoura ou concentrado) com concentração de sais superior à salinidade da água original. Nosso primeiro objetivo foi investigar a eficiência da osmose reversa na purificação das águas de poços salobros e salinos em estações de tratamento instaladas em Comunidades e Assentamentos rurais do Oeste Potiguar. Em segundo lugar, objetivou-se estudar as propriedades hidroquímicas das águas do processo de dessalinização (águas de poços, rejeito salino e purificadas). O terceiro objetivo, propôs um índice relativo de qualidade das águas das estações de tratamento por osmose reversa para fins de irrigação. Foram realizadas 4 campanhas de coletas de amostras de águas de poços, purificadas e de rejeito salino, entre os períodos de outubro de 2013 a novembro 2014, em 7 estações de tratamentos de água de Comunidades e/ou Assentamentos rurais do Oeste potiguar. Determinaram-se a eficiência da osmose reversa na purificação da água e os parâmetros de qualidade Condutividade Elétrica (CE), pH, cátions (sódio, potássio, cálcio e magnésio) e ânions (cloreto, carbonato e bicarbonato), Razão de Adsorção de Sódio (RAS), Índices de Saturação de Langelier (ISL), de Estabilidade de Ryznar (IER) e a relação Cálcio/Magnésio. Além disso, investigou-se a influência dos Índice de Saturação de Langelier e do Índice de Estabilidade de Ryznar com a taxa de recuperação dos sistemas dessalinização por osmose reversa. As análises dos resultados indicam que a taxa de recuperação média dos sistemas de dessalinização foi de 32,11% para os meses de outubro/novembro/2013; 52,42% para os meses de fevereiro/março/2014; 41,41% para os meses de junho/julho/2014 e 33,60 % para os meses de outubro/novembro/2014. Os altos valores de Índice Relativo de Qualidade das águas das estações de dessalinização são apontados como indicadores de possíveis riscos de salinização de solos e de contaminação de aquíferos subterrâneos. O maior grau de impacto do uso da terra em consequência da qualidade das águas de estações de dessalinização foi registrado em amostras de rejeito salino seguidas das águas de poços. Com relação à classificação das águas, registraram que em 17,86 % das amostras de água analisadas foram classificadas como excelentes (Classe I), 22,62 % como boas (Classe II); 22,62 % como razoáveis (Classe III);
10,71% como ruins (Classe IV) e 26,19 % das amostras foram classificadas como péssimas (Classe V) / 2017-05-17
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Avaliação da qualidade das águas superficiais e seu reúso na irrigação de áreas verdes do campus sede da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande-PB. / Evaluation of the quality of surface water and its reuse in the irrigation of green areas of the campus headquarters of the Federal University of Campina Grande-PB.ANDRADE, Lázaro Ramom dos Santos. 10 October 2018 (has links)
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LÁZARO RAMON DOS SANTOS ANDRADE - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 2310709 bytes, checksum: 80378a5df11fa09ac7d1f0ac8d3f2b71 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Capes / A cidade de Campina Grande-PB vem sofrendo com a grande estiagem que assola a região Nordeste, diante disto a população vem desenvolvendo alternativas que para mitigar a crise hídrica. A utilização de águas residuárias na agricultura é uma prática que vem ganhando espaço nos últimos anos, no entanto estudos que comprovem sua qualidade devem ser efetuados, bem como a aplicação de técnicas de tratamento que contribuam para a preservação do meio ambiente e da qualidade de vida da população. A Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) utiliza a água de duas lagoas contendo águas residuárias para irrigação das áreas verdes do campus. Diante da falta de tratamento dessas águas, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade dessas águas superficiais do campus sede da UFCG, para fins de reuso na irrigação de áreas verdes. A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2016, entre os meses de março a outubro, na qual foi avaliada a qualidade das águas por meio de uma sonda multiparâmetros, análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas. Os resultados foram comparados aos valores estabelecidos pela Resolução no 357 de 2005 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA), bem como utilizados para calcular o Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) e Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA). O IQA da lagoa 1 classificou-se entre ruim e péssimo e o IQA da lagoa 2 foi classificado como péssimo em todos os meses de estudo. Com relação ao grau de trofia da lagoa 1, o IET variou entre Mesotrófico e Eutrófico nos seis primeiros meses, passando a Supereutrófico nos dois últimos meses. A lagoa 2 apresentou melhor IET no mês de março, de modo que os demais meses variaram entre
Supereutrófico e Hipereutrófico. Constatou-se que a água da lagoa 2 apresentou qualidade inferior em relação a lagoa 1, em detrimento do canal que liga as duas lagoas e que recebe efluentes de pontos adjacentes do campus. Outro fator relevante para esses resultados é a presença de aves que eliminam seus excrementos na água além da entrada de efluentes advindos do bloco CA e do quiosque na margem da lagoa 2. Constatou-se que a utilização dessas águas sem tratamento pode acarretar danos ao solo, às plantas e causar doenças aos funcionários que operam os sistemas de irrigação, assim como as pessoas que utilizam o campo de futebol, bem como as áreas verdes para descanso ou lazer. Sendo assim se faz necessário a implantação de um sistema de tratamento de efluente que possa reduzir a carga poluidora dessas águas. / The city of Campina Grande-PB has been suffering from a prolonged drought common to the Northeast, which has necessitated developing alternative strategies to mitigate the water crisis. The use of wastewater in agriculture is a practice that has been gaining ground in recent years, however studies that prove its quality must be carried out, as well as the application of treatment techniques that contribute to the preservation of the environment and quality of life of the population. The Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) at its principal campus uses water from two small lakes contaminated with wastewater to irrigate the green areas of the campus. In view of the lack of treatment of these waters, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of this surface water used on the campus. The research was carried out between March and October 2016, and water quality was determined by means of a multiparameter submersible probe, plus additional physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes. The results obtained were compared to the values established by Resolution No. 357 of 2005 of the National Environment Council (CONAMA), for surface water quality and were used to calculate the Trophic State Index (EIT) and Water Quality Index (IQA). The IQA of Lake 1 ranged from poor to very poor and the IQA for Lake 2 was classified as poor in all months of study. In relation to the trophic level of Lake 1, the EIT varied between mesotrophic and Eutrophic during the first six months, passing to super eutrophic in the last two months of the study. Lake 2 presented a better EIT in the month of March, but for the other months, it varied between super eutrophic and Hypereutrophic. The water of lagoon 2 presented inferior quality in relation to lagoon 1, and this was due to the channel connecting the two lakes receiving additional effluents from adjacent points of the campus. Another additional factor that maybe relevant to these results on water quality was the contamination of the water with excrement from a large bird population and the entrance of effluents from the CA block and a cafe located at the margin of lake 2. From the results of this study it was concluded that the use of these waters without treatment represent a threat to soil quality, may damage existing vegetation and are a risk to public health, principally to the employees operating the irrigation systems, as well as to people who use the soccer field, and the green areas for rest or leisure. Therefore, it is necessary to implement an effluent treatment system that reduces the polluting load of these waters.
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