Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-01-25T13:50:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 16971913 bytes, checksum: 24dbb878fedc09aa8ca8a4d2d657c395 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T13:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 16971913 bytes, checksum: 24dbb878fedc09aa8ca8a4d2d657c395 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aims to understand the mode of religious life of the Essenes and Therapeutae through investigating the reason and motivating purpose of such living. The methodological procedure is based on a historical and hermeneutics analysis of texts concerning the object of study. Within the study of Judaism, the relevance of the object of research is justified on the one hand, because the lifestyle of the groups included in Essenism be sui generis, and, on the other hand, the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, which are linked to an Essene character sect, be considered one of the major findings biblical documentary of all time. The analysis of the social, historical and religious context of the Judaism in the Second Temple period shows that in the late phase of this period in the history of the Jewish people, the Jewish nation was influenced by foreign policies that affected the religious sphere. Because of this, Jews interested in defending the principles and values of their religion rebelled against those who wanted to impose Hellenistic customs in the Jewish religious system. It is speculated that this rise may have been one of the factors that led to the formation of religious groups – comprehended in the Essene movement – which understood to be necessary to adopt a peculiar way of life to preserve the rectitude of the Jewish religious living. This righteousness was seen as a holy life based on the determination of the Torah according to the specific interpretation of each sect. / Esta dissertação objetiva compreender o modo de vida religiosa dos essênios e dos terapeutas por meio da investigação acerca da razão e da finalidade motivadoras de tal vivência. O procedimento metodológico fundamenta-se em uma análise histórica e hermenêutica de textos concernentes ao objeto de estudo. No âmbito de estudo acerca do judaísmo, a relevância do objeto de pesquisa se justifica, por um lado, pelo fato de o estilo de vida dos grupos inseridos no essenismo ser sui generis, e, por outro lado, a descoberta dos manuscritos do Mar Morto, que são vinculados a uma seita de caráter essênio, ser considerada um dos maiores achados documentais bíblicos de todos os tempos. A análise do contexto social, histórico e religioso do judaísmo no período do Segundo Templo mostra que na fase tardia desse período da história do povo judeu, a nação judaica sofreu influências políticas estrangeiras que afetaram o âmbito religioso. Por causa disso, judeus interessados em defender os princípios e valores de sua religião insurgiram-se contra aqueles que queriam impor costumes helênicos no sistema religioso judaico. Especula-se que esse levante pode ter sido um dos fatores que gerou a formação de grupos religiosos – compreendidos no movimento essênio – que entendiam ser necessária a adoção de um modo de vida peculiar para preservar a retidão da vivência religiosa judaica. Tal retidão era vista como uma vida santa fundada nas determinações da Torá conforme a interpretação específica de cada seita.

[pt] A Regra da Comunidade (1QS), documento legal representativo dos essênios de Qumran, e o Quarto Evangelho apresentam semelhanças de vocabulário quanto ao tema da luz. Neste sentido, os homens de Qumran são chamados de filhos da luz; eles são guiados pelos anjos de luz para seguirem os caminhos de luz. O mesmo valor fundamental da luz é enfatizado nas narrativas apresentadas no evangelho joanino, onde Jesus é apresentado como a luz que brilha nas trevas. Ele é a luz verdadeira, a luz do mundo e a luz da vida, e os que nele crêem tornam-se os filhos da luz. A luz indica assim a revelação trazida por Jesus e presente nele. Tal semelhança de vocabulário quanto à idéia de luz entre os dois contextos literários torna-se o objeto de estudo desta tese. A hipótese a ser apresentada diz respeito à presença de um pano de fundo do judaísmo qumrânico na evolução literária do Quarto Evangelho, quanto aos conceitos de luz aplicados a Jesus. / [it] La Regola della Comunità (1QS), documento legale rappresentante degli esseni di Qumran, e il Quarto Vangelo presentano somiglianze di vocabolario quanto al tema della luce. In questo senso, gli uomini di Qumran vengono chiamati di figli della luce; loro sono condotti dagli angeli di luce perché seguano i cammini della luce. La stessa idea fondamentale della luce è sottolineata con enfasi nelle narrative del vangelo giovanneo, dove Gesù Cristo è presentato come la luce che brilla nelle tenebre. Lui è la luce vera, la luce del mondo, la luce della vita, e i suoi credenti diventano i figli della luce. La luce è un termine utilizzato per indicare la rivelazione portata da Cristo e presente in lui. Il parallelo linguistico fra Qumran e il vangelo di Giovanni è l oggetto di studio di questa tesi. L ipotesi presentata è basata in un panorama del giudaismo qumranico nell evoluzione letteraria del Quarto Vangelo, rispetto all idea della luce riguardo a Gesù Cristo.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-17T11:47:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Nathália Queiroz Mariano Cruz - 2018.pdf: 2782906 bytes, checksum: ef11941432151442aac9541b11ca84db (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-17T13:05:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Nathália Queiroz Mariano Cruz - 2018.pdf: 2782906 bytes, checksum: ef11941432151442aac9541b11ca84db (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-17T13:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Nathália Queiroz Mariano Cruz - 2018.pdf: 2782906 bytes, checksum: ef11941432151442aac9541b11ca84db (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The intense circulation of the sacred Jewish writings at the end of the 1st Century CE not only has transferred to the literature a large place of memory and tradition, as it has opened the doors to the regency of rabbinic Judaism as the dominant form of Jewish experience. The great volume of writings that has circulated inside and outside of Palestine has outlined the necessity for the standardization of the Jewish canon by a portion of the Pharisaic rabbinate and, at the same time, it was a representative of the illegitimacy that many communities have seen in some writings, as well as the autonomy that has been directed to the interpretations of the Mitsvah (oral Law) from different halakhot (practical form of the Mitsvah). In face of this process, we return our analyzes to the distinct voices present in this course and which are represented mainly by the Mishnah and the Qumran Manuscripts. The first source, has declared official, contains the compilation of the Oral Law from the studies made by the Schools of Pharisaic Sages established in the ancient Near East from the 4th Century BCE ; the second, resulting of the writings from the Palestinian diaspora, contains a rich collection of the precepts designated in the Oral Law, as well as a sectarian legislation belonging to the Qumran community. Since we have the possibility to find in the Qumran Manuscripts distinct halakhot from those present in the writings that have given shape to the Pharisaic Jewish canon, we place the understanding of the events that have allowed the rise of rabbinical Judaism to the voices that were hidden from this process, provinding a greater clarity to the (in)fidelity of the official Jewish canon with other literary traditions, since the sources do not demonstrate any legislative homogeneity even within Palestine. / A intensa circulação dos sagrados escritos judaicos ao final do séc. I EC , não somente transferiu para a literatura um amplo local de memória e tradição, como abriu portas para a regência do judaísmo rabínico como a forma dominante da vivência judaica. O grande volume de escritos que circularam dentro e fora da Palestina, delinearam a necessidade da normatização do cânone judaico por uma parcela do rabinato farisaico e, ao mesmo tempo, foram representantes da ilegitimidade que muitas comunidades viam em alguns escritos, assim como a autonomia com que direcionavam e produziam suas interpretações sobre a Mitsvah (Lei oral) a partir de diferentes halakhot (forma prática da Mitsvah). Diante de tal processo, voltamos nossas análises às distintas vozes presentes nesse decurso e que são representadas, principalmente, pela Mishnah e pelos Manuscritos de Qumran. A primeira fonte, declarada oficial, contém a compilação da Lei oral a partir dos estudos feitos pelas Escolas de Sábios farisaicas instauradas no antigo Oriente Próximo desde o século IV AEC ; a segunda, resultante dos escritos oriundos da diáspora palestina, contém um rico acervo dos preceitos designados na Lei oral, além de uma legislação sectária própria à comunidade de Qumran. Uma vez que temos a possibilidade de encontrar nos Manuscritos de Qumran distintas halakhot daquelas presente nos escritos que deram forma ao cânone judaico farisaico, condicionamos a compreensão dos eventos que permitiram a ascensão do judaísmo rabínico às vozes que ficaram ocultas desse processo, conferindo uma maior clareza à (in)fidelidade do cânone judaico oficial com as demais tradições literárias, visto que as fontes não demonstram qualquer homogeneidade legislativa mesmo dentro da Palestina.

The psalms of the Hodayot tradition (the Thanksgiving Psalms from Qumran) have been customarily divided into two categories: the “Teacher Hymns” written by a leader of the sect at Qumran, and the “Community Hymns” associated with the ordinary members of the sect. These categories are considered problematic because of well-recognized problems pertaining to authorship and to the poor fit of many of the psalms in the categories. I propose a new set of categories for the Hodayot that classify the psalms on the basis of genre. It is my contention that genre offers a better frame of reference because it defines the psalms against the backdrop of the genres of early Jewish psalms and not solely in terms of the sectarian community. To propose new generic categories, I employ John Swales’s rhetorical moves analysis to classify the psalms on the basis of how their formal structures (what he calls “rhetorical moves”) work together to achieve common rhetorical objectives. Swales defines a composition’s genre primarily by its rhetorical objectives rather than a definitional checklist of features. I use rhetorical moves analysis to describe where the Hodayot psalms fall along the spectrum of descriptive and declarative praise in Claus Westermann’s schema for the genres of the biblical psalms. I conclude that there are two interlocking generic categories in the Hodayot: eschatological psalms of thanksgiving and psalms of hymnic confession. These generic categories have overlapping rhetorical strategies consisting of rhetorical moves that work closely together to achieve the primary communicative purpose of praising God descriptively and declaratively. In this respect, they serve the Maskil’s secondary rhetorical objective of instructing the audience in the sectarian discourses of praise and supplication, making the Hodayot tradition a part of the Maskil’s programme of instructing sectarians and evaluating their insight into the divine plan. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / In this thesis I study the Thanksgiving Psalms from Qumran (1QHodayot a ), a collection of Jewish psalms from the Dead Sea Scrolls. The collection is typically divided into two categories: the “Teacher Hymns” written by a leader of a sect, and the “Community Hymns” that are associated with his followers. Scholars agree that these categories are inadequate, but no alternatives have been offered. I propose to use a more flexible approach that can classify all of the psalms by genre. The psalms are classified on a spectrum between two modes of praise by their objectives and strategies of persuasion. I argue that the psalms participate in two interlocking genres (the eschatological psalms of thanksgiving and the psalms of hymnic confession) and that all the psalms enable the speaker (the Maskil/Instructor) to achieve the two objectives of praising God and instructing his audience how to do the same.

This synoptic analysis of verses from Job chapters 37-39 in 11Q10, the Peshitta version (PJob) and the rabbinic targum (RJob) aims to identify the translators’ methods for handling the Hebrew text (HT) and to assess the apparent skills and knowledge brought by them to their task. Additionally, the study engages with recent discussion which challenges the nature of 11Q10 as targum. To this end, PJob and RJob provide accepted models of ‘translation’ and ‘targum’ alongside which to assess 11Q10. The following translation methods are identified, described, compared and contrasted in the three versions: selection,extension, alternative translation, expansion, substitution, adjustment of the consonantal HT, adjustment of the Hebrew word order or division, omission, and conjecture. PJob is confirmed as an attempt to transpose the difficult Hebrew of Job into Syriac. RJob is confirmed as a conservative translation with clear underpinnings in allusion to scripture and to rabbinic traditions attested elsewhere. Significant observations are made regarding an interpretative quality in 11Q10, and new light is cast on its richness and subtlety as an allusive translation. It is proposed that the translation displays deep knowledge of scripture and skill in applying this knowledge. It is further proposed that careful comparison with methods which have been identified in Onqelos is warranted. 11Q10 is identified as an important early witness to scripturally-based motifs which are also found in other intertestamental and rabbinic sources. It is argued that 11Q10’s nature suggests that its purpose was not simply to translate but to understand and subtly explicate the HT, and that it was intended for use alongside it, not as a replacement. The study refutes the categorization of 11Q10 as ‘translation’ rather than ‘targum’, and agrees with its orginal editors that its value lies in its unique witness to the early nature of targum.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire de l'Antiquité--Paris 4, 2003. / Contient le texte hébreu et la trad. française des principaux fragments du "Livre des jubilés" et des fragments du "Pseudo-Jubilés" Bibliogr. p. 397-416. Index.

The Problem statement which was examined in this study is the following: Throughout the history the accuracy and historical value of the Psalm headings were questioned. Translations of the Psalm headings that later on developed for example the Septuagint, the Vulgate and the Peshitta is generally more extended than the Hebrew text. The use of the Grammatical–Historical method shows that the Psalm headings are authorative and that they are part of the Canonical text of the Hebrew Bible. Thorough word study by the method of Verhoef (1973), Hayes & Holladay (2007) and Kaiser (2007) of certain terms was important to note in the naming of the Psalter. This word study was approached through the Grammatical–Historical method. It was further necessary to study the importance of Psalm 145 in the whole of the Psalter, because Psalm 145 is the only Psalm with the heading: תְּהִלָּה . Other Psalm headings were studied and historical information was compared with other parts of Scripture. This study was approached Revelation–Historical. Further on it was necessary to do a comparative study between the Psalm headings of the Masoretic text, the Septuagint and the writings of Qumran to determine the authority of the Psalm headings. A study of contents about the element of praise was also necessary as Van Rooy (2008) explained, because the Psalter shows a development from lament to praise. It is also connected with the title that was originally been given to the Psalter by the Jews. / Thesis (M.Th. (Old Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The Problem statement which was examined in this study is the following: Throughout the history the accuracy and historical value of the Psalm headings were questioned. Translations of the Psalm headings that later on developed for example the Septuagint, the Vulgate and the Peshitta is generally more extended than the Hebrew text. The use of the Grammatical–Historical method shows that the Psalm headings are authorative and that they are part of the Canonical text of the Hebrew Bible. Thorough word study by the method of Verhoef (1973), Hayes & Holladay (2007) and Kaiser (2007) of certain terms was important to note in the naming of the Psalter. This word study was approached through the Grammatical–Historical method. It was further necessary to study the importance of Psalm 145 in the whole of the Psalter, because Psalm 145 is the only Psalm with the heading: תְּהִלָּה . Other Psalm headings were studied and historical information was compared with other parts of Scripture. This study was approached Revelation–Historical. Further on it was necessary to do a comparative study between the Psalm headings of the Masoretic text, the Septuagint and the writings of Qumran to determine the authority of the Psalm headings. A study of contents about the element of praise was also necessary as Van Rooy (2008) explained, because the Psalter shows a development from lament to praise. It is also connected with the title that was originally been given to the Psalter by the Jews. / Thesis (M.Th. (Old Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_fm_me_assis.pdf: 332760 bytes, checksum: 3f80edd9e591eb4e3be116ec838a5f30 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Um jovem pastor beduíno sai à procura por um de seus animais perdido na região do deserto da Judéia, próximo às bordas do mar Morto, no ano de 1947. Quando ingenuamente joga uma pedra em uma fenda de um penhasco, ouve um barulho de jarro quebrando. Assim ocorreu a maior descoberta de textos antigos jamais feita até então – os Manuscritos do Mar Morto. Uma série de cavernas foi encontrada em seguida, das quais algumas também possuíam material manuscrito. Após isso, percebeu-se que estes manuscritos eram oriundos de um sítio arqueológico próximo, conhecido atualmente como Khirbet Qumran. O material literário que foi descoberto nestas cavernas passou desde então a ser estudado por eruditos do mundo inteiro. Entre estes manuscritos, uma parcela importante é de textos hinários que eram utilizados pela comunidade que residiu neste assentamento até pouco tempo antes da destruição de Jerusalém, em 70 d.C. Os textos hinários eram largamente utilizados pela comunidade de Qumran, com uma função importante dentro dos rituais comunitários e em manifestações pessoais de louvor a Deus. Da mesma maneira, percebemos através dos livros do Novo Testamento que nas comunidades cristãs do primeiro século, a prática do canto hinário foi uma constante. Não só suas composições hinárias, mas aspectos doutrinais destas comunidades apresentam influências consideráveis de materiais anteriores e de outras fontes contemporâneas. Antes da descoberta dos Manuscritos do Mar Morto, acreditavase que as maiores influências à literatura do Novo Testamento provinham somente da Bíblia Hebraica. Atualmente, percebemos mais do que isso. Alguns hinos e passagens... / A youth bedouin shepherd was searching for one of his lost animals in the area of the Judean desert, near the border of the Dead Sea, in the year of 1947. When he ingenuously threw a stone in a rift of a cliff, he heard a vessel noise breaking. Thus happened like this the largest discovery of old texts ever done until then – the Dead Sea Scrolls. A series of caves was found soon after, several of which contained hand written material. Archaeologists soon realized that these manuscripts were originating from a nearby archaeological site, known now as Khirbet Qumran. Scholars worldwide have studied the literary material that was discovered in these caves. The hymnary texts that were used by the community that resided in this settlement from before the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. are among the most priceless documents discovered. The broadly used hymnary texts of the Qumran community had a significant function in the religious and ritualistic life of the community as evidenced by the personal manifestations of praise to God in the texts. This is analogous to the practices of the early Christian communities of the first century, as described in the New Testament, in which the practice of singing hymns was a daily occurrence. In addition to containing hymnal compositions, the texts also present the doctrinal aspects of the Qumran community. The doctrine presented in the texts shows a considerable influence from older sources and contemporary sources of the Qumran community. Before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, it was believed that the largest influence to the literature of the New Testament was solely derived from the Hebraic Bible.

Orientador: Ivan Esperança Rocha / Banca: Paulo Augusto de Souza Nogueira / Banca: Andrea Lucia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi / Resumo: Um jovem pastor beduíno sai à procura por um de seus animais perdido na região do deserto da Judéia, próximo às bordas do mar Morto, no ano de 1947. Quando ingenuamente joga uma pedra em uma fenda de um penhasco, ouve um barulho de jarro quebrando. Assim ocorreu a maior descoberta de textos antigos jamais feita até então - os Manuscritos do Mar Morto. Uma série de cavernas foi encontrada em seguida, das quais algumas também possuíam material manuscrito. Após isso, percebeu-se que estes manuscritos eram oriundos de um sítio arqueológico próximo, conhecido atualmente como Khirbet Qumran. O material literário que foi descoberto nestas cavernas passou desde então a ser estudado por eruditos do mundo inteiro. Entre estes manuscritos, uma parcela importante é de textos hinários que eram utilizados pela comunidade que residiu neste assentamento até pouco tempo antes da destruição de Jerusalém, em 70 d.C. Os textos hinários eram largamente utilizados pela comunidade de Qumran, com uma função importante dentro dos rituais comunitários e em manifestações pessoais de louvor a Deus. Da mesma maneira, percebemos através dos livros do Novo Testamento que nas comunidades cristãs do primeiro século, a prática do canto hinário foi uma constante. Não só suas composições hinárias, mas aspectos doutrinais destas comunidades apresentam influências consideráveis de materiais anteriores e de outras fontes contemporâneas. Antes da descoberta dos Manuscritos do Mar Morto, acreditavase que as maiores influências à literatura do Novo Testamento provinham somente da Bíblia Hebraica. Atualmente, percebemos mais do que isso. Alguns hinos e passagens... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A youth bedouin shepherd was searching for one of his lost animals in the area of the Judean desert, near the border of the Dead Sea, in the year of 1947. When he ingenuously threw a stone in a rift of a cliff, he heard a vessel noise breaking. Thus happened like this the largest discovery of old texts ever done until then - the Dead Sea Scrolls. A series of caves was found soon after, several of which contained hand written material. Archaeologists soon realized that these manuscripts were originating from a nearby archaeological site, known now as Khirbet Qumran. Scholars worldwide have studied the literary material that was discovered in these caves. The hymnary texts that were used by the community that resided in this settlement from before the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. are among the most priceless documents discovered. The broadly used hymnary texts of the Qumran community had a significant function in the religious and ritualistic life of the community as evidenced by the personal manifestations of praise to God in the texts. This is analogous to the practices of the early Christian communities of the first century, as described in the New Testament, in which the practice of singing hymns was a daily occurrence. In addition to containing hymnal compositions, the texts also present the doctrinal aspects of the Qumran community. The doctrine presented in the texts shows a considerable influence from older sources and contemporary sources of the Qumran community. Before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, it was believed that the largest influence to the literature of the New Testament was solely derived from the Hebraic Bible. / Mestre