The main objective of this work is created using Raspberry Pi intelligent garden. The first part is devoted to the concept of intelligent building. The second part describes the used hardware components. Another section is devoted SW Raspberry microcomputer and microcontroller Arduino. The last chapter describes the implemented model of a intelligent garden.

Development of an RPIs (Request Progression Interface = communication device) that uses VIA (virtual Interface Architecture) instead of TCP on ethernet networks. / Entwicklung eines RPIs (Request Progression Interface = Kommunikations Modul) das auf ethernet Netzwerken VIA (virtual Interface Architecture) an Stelle von TCP benutzt.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Economics / Yang M. Chang / The first essay develops a simple sequential-move game to characterize the endogeneity of third-party intervention in conflict. We show how a third party’s “intervention technology” interacts with the canonical “conflict technologies” of two rival parties in affecting the sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium outcome. From the perspective of deterrence strategy, we find that it is more costly for a third party to support an ally to deter a challenger from attacking (i.e., to maintain peace), as compared to the alternative case when the third party supports the ally to gain a disputed territory by attacking (i.e., to create war), ceteris paribus. However, an optimally intervening third party can be either “peace-making,” “peace-breaking,” or neither depending on the characteristics of the conflict and the third party’s stake with each of the rival parties. The second essay develops a simple model to characterize the role that an intervening third party plays in raising the cost of rebellion in an intrastate conflict. Extending the Gershenson-Grossman (2000) framework of conflict in a two-stage game to the case involving outside intervention in a three-stage game, we examine conditions under which an outside party optimally intervenes such that (i) the strength of the rebel group is diminished or (ii) the rebellion is deterred altogether. We also find conditions in which a third party optimally intervenes at a level insufficient to deter rebellion. Such behavior, which improves the incumbent government’s potential to succeed in conflict, is often overlooked in conflict studies evaluating the effectiveness of intervention. One policy implication of the model is that an increase in the strength of inter-governmental trade partnerships increases the likelihood that third-party intervention acts to deter rebellion. In the final essay, a simple model of a college basketball season is constructed to examine the existence of conference bias in college basketball’s Ratings Percentage Index. Given the nature of the RPI formula and the hierarchical structure of college basketball’s 31 conferences, we expect the RPI to be biased against teams playing a difficult conference schedule. The model verifies that, even in a perfect world where teams play to expectation and can be transitively compared based on revealed performance level, the RPI does not necessarily provide an ordinal mapping from revealed team ability level to the real number line. This result has important implications on NCAA tournament selection and seeding.

Development of an RPIs (Request Progression Interface = communication device) that uses VIA (virtual Interface Architecture) instead of TCP on ethernet networks. / Entwicklung eines RPIs (Request Progression Interface = Kommunikations Modul) das auf ethernet Netzwerken VIA (virtual Interface Architecture) an Stelle von TCP benutzt.

The development of innovative applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is inseparable from the sharing of public data. However, as people strengthen their awareness of the protection of personal data privacy, it is more and more difficult to collect data from multiple data sources and there is also a risk of leakage in unified data management. But neural networks need a lot of data for model learning and analysis. Federated learning (FL) can solve the above difficulties. It allows the server to learn from the local data of multiple clients without collecting them. This thesis mainly deploys FL on the Raspberry Pi (RPi) and achieves federated averaging (FedAvg) as aggregation method. First in the simulation, we compare the difference between FL and centralized learning (CL). Then we build a reliable communication system based on socket on testbed and implement FL on those devices. In addition, the Paillier encryption algorithm is configured for the communication in FL to avoid model parameters being exposed to public network directly. In other words, the project builds a complete and secure FL system based on hardware. / Utvecklingen av innovativa applikationer för artificiell intelligens (AI) är oskiljaktig från delning av offentlig data. Men eftersom människor stärker sin medvetenhet om skyddet av personuppgiftsskydd är det allt svårare att samla in data från flera datakällor och det finns också risk för läckage i enhetlig datahantering. Men neurala nätverk behöver mycket data för modellinlärning och analys. Federated learning (FL) kan lösa ovanstående svårigheter. Det gör det möjligt för servern att lära av lokala klientdata utan att samla in dem. Denna avhandling använder huvudsakligen FL på Raspberry Pi (RPi) och uppnår federerad genomsnitt (FedAvg) som aggregeringsmetod. Först i simuleringen jämför vi skillnaden mellan FL och CL. Sedan bygger vi ett pålitligt kommunikationssystem baserat på uttag på testbädd och implementerar FL på dessa enheter. Dessutom är Paillier -krypteringsalgoritmen konfigurerad för kommunikation i FL för att undvika att modellparametrar exponeras för det offentliga nätverket direkt. Med andra ord bygger projektet ett komplett och säkert FL -system baserat på hårdvara.

Porttelefoner används ofta i högljudda miljöer. Ett exempel på en sådan miljö är vindutsatta områden, där operatören i ett rum kan uppleva svårigheter att uppfatta tal från användaren som talar i en porttelefon på grund av den omgivande höga ljudnivån. Många porttelefoner och andra liknande enheter stöter vanligtvis på utmaningar och begränsningar, särskilt när det gäller snabbhet, storlek, resurshantering och hantering av dynamiska signaler.  Detta projekt genomfördes vid ett svenskt företag inom nätverksbaserade lösningar för videoövervakning och fysisk säkerhet. Projektet syftar till att utforska och implementera ett adaptiv filter med en adaptiv algoritm i C-programmering för att komplettera ett digitalt signalbehandlingssystem som en strategi för att förbättra ljudkvaliteten genom att reducera bruset hos porttelefoner i utmanande miljöer. Genom att tillämpa ett lämpligt adaptiv filter i en Raspberry Pi för att simulera en porttelefon, strävar projektet efter att reducera brus och optimera talet. Några av de vanligaste filtreringsalgoritmerna som använts i tidigare forskning för att förbättra ljudkvaliteten är Least mean square, Normalized least mean square och Recursive least square som även utvärderas i denna studie. Efter noggranna studier valdes algoritmen Normalized least mean square för implementering i detta projekt. Algoritmens prestanda utvärderas med hjälp av beräkningstiden, medelkvadratfelet och signal-till-brus-förhållandet i Matlab samt användartester för att säkerställa kvaliteten. Detta projekt uppnådde målen genom att utveckla ett fungerande adaptivt filter. Det rekommenderas att implementera filtret i en porttelefon där mikrofonerna inte är placerade nära varandra för att förhindra upptagning av dubbla liknande signaler. Under projektets gång hanterade systemet kontinuerligt dataströmmar effektivt i praktiska tester, vilket bekräftade att det fungerade utan fördröjningar. Detta bevisade det adaptiva filtrets effektivitet i verkliga applikationer, särskilt i högljudda miljöer. / Intercoms are often used in noisy environments. An example of such an environment is windy areas, where the operator inside a room may find it difficult to perceive speech from a user speaking through an intercom due to the surrounding high noise levels. Many intercoms and other similar devices typically encounter challenges and limitations, especially in terms of speed, size, resource management, and handling of dynamic signals. This project was carried out at a Swedish company specializing in network-based solutions for video surveillance and physical security. The project’s objective was to study and implement an adaptive filter with an adaptive algorithm in C programming to complement a digital signal processing system, as a strategy to enhance sound quality by reducing noise in intercoms in challenging environments. By applying a suitable adaptive filter in a Raspberry Pi to simulate an intercom, the goal of the project is to reduce noise and optimize speech clarity. Some of the most common filtering algorithms used in previous research to improve sound quality include Least mean square, Normalized least mean square och Recursive least square, which are evaluated in this study. After thorough studies, the Normalized least mean square algorithm was selected for implementation in this project. The performance of the algorithm is assessed using computation time, mean squared error, and signal-to-noise ratio in Matlab, along with user testing to ensure quality. This project achieved its goals by developing a functional adaptive filter. It is recommended to implement the filter in an intercom where the microphones are not placed close to each other to prevent the capture of similar duplicate signals. Throughout the project, the system continuously handled data streams effectively in practical tests, confirming that it operated without delays. This demonstrated the adaptive filter's effectiveness in real applications, particularly in noisy environments.

The west coast of Taiwan is densely populated with frequently activities for industrial and economic developments. The area is also the site with the existence of Chinese White Dolphin (CWD). Because the arising of ecosystem conservation, the government has attempted to promote the west coast as the marine protected areas (MPAs) for the CWD. Nevertheless, it is required to assess changes of environmental condition and marine environmental quality around the area before the establishment of marine protected areas to the site. If ineffective monitoring is implemented, then the establishment of marine protected areas will be no use. This study was initiated to assess the marine environmental condition by collecting and surveying the long term monitoring data that were published under the government reports and documents to assess the temporal and spatial trends of environmental factors. The data consists of rivers, trench, and marine water or sediments. The study areas covered Taichung County to Yunlin County. The methods for assessing the environmental quality included the use of geographic information system (GIS) for the biological distribution, regression analysis for the trend monitoring of chemical contaminants and physical environmental factors between 2001 ¡V 2010 year surveys. The overall environmental quality within the studied sites were further evaluated for the river pollution index (RPI) and the habitat suitability index (HSI). The survey results of 10 years river monitoring from Taichung to Yunlin showed that Hsin-Huu-Wei River belong to serious pollution with RPI 6.67 value. Yuanlin drainage, one of the six drainages of Chang Hua Coast Industrial Park, belongs to serious pollution with RPI 6.08 value. The RPI results of Six trenches around the Chang-Hua Coast Industrial Park showed that Tien-Wei trench 2, Lun-Wei trench 1, and Ji-An trench belong to mid level of pollution (RPI 3.7~3.975). In the marine water survey, the results showed that the pH values were found lower at southern-ward monitoring station nearby the Formosa Petrochemical Corporation No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Industry site. The nitrogen-NH3 concentrations were found high in Jhuo-Shuei River and No. 6 Naphtha Cracking industry. The concentration of Chlorophyll-a was high in Chang-Hua Coast Industrial Park. In the survey of sediment, Hsin-Huu-Wei River arsenic concentration (As) was over the EPA guidelines, but the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn were within the level of required limits. In the biological survey, the results showed that abundance and species were not evenly distributed with non-comprehensive trends related to the environmental condition or changes. These indicated that biological monitoring survey displayed less important than physical and chemical monitoring for the assessment of man-made pollution or environmental impact from the industrial activities. Overall the monitor sites of river, drainage and trench were differed without a consistent sampling scheme. The offshore sites were sampled greatly in distance, i.e. the farthermost point at four sea miles that had caused difficulties for the comparison of data results collected in different time. It is very uneasy to evaluate the pollution monitoring results. Thus, it is required to develop a long-term environmental quality monitoring plan for the assessment of water quality and sediment of river and marine water with appropriate / consistency sampling method, monitor time and site scheme. Finally, the relevant authorities should implement river remediation to improve the pollution and thereby to maintain the sustainability of marine environment. It is required to establish an integral monitoring program consisting of water and sediment and bio-monitoring in rivers, estuary, and marine to better predict the marine environmental quality. Also the integral and long-term monitoring program should ensure to predict the changes of west coastal and to achieve the effectiveness of marine environment.

The west coast of Taiwan is enriched with biological resources. The areas are the economic development sites with highly industrialized activities and densely population. The government attempts to promote the sites for the establishment of marine protected areas (MPA) because of the existence of Chinese White Dolphin (Sousa Chinensis) which is the most important issues against the sustainable development of economy. Thus, the present study was initiated to assess the marine environmental quality (MEQ) in the west coast of Taiwan. The research consists of the integral monitoring assessments of rivers, estuaries and the marine areas. This work collected, reviewed and analyzed the environmental monitoring data from industrial environmental impact assessment reports and governmental documents for the evaluation of spatial and temporal trends of the west coast areas over the last ten year. The assessment is required to understand the possible interactive problems between the marine protected areas and the marine environmental quality prior to the establishment of MPA acts. The present work consists of the subsection of coastal areas ranging from Hsinchu Country to Taichung Harbour. Ten annual monitoring data including the water quality or sediments of rivers, estuaries, and marine were assessed for the spatial and temporal trends of physical, chemical and biological changes over the years. The approaches for assessing the sites included the geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis method and linear regression of monitoring data. The levels of pollution were also evaluated by using the river pollution index (RPI). The effect of habitat suitability index (HSI) was also calculated. The results of river water quality assessment showed that the Ke-ya-si, Jhong-gang river, and Nan-gan river were seriously polluted with RPI¡Ö6. The river seiment contaminants (Cu¡BNi) were significantly increased in the Ke-ya-si and Jhong-gang river. The water quality of Taichung Port drainage showed serious pollution with low dissolved oxygen (DO), high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, and high counts of coli-forms. The Taichung Port drainage sediment contaminants (As¡BCu¡BHg¡BZn) had higher than the average of EPA guidelines. This could be resulting from the significant point source of industries pollutants discharged into the river. The significant amounts of waste water discharged into ocean could cause the impacts to the marine environment. The present study demonstrated the impacts to the river monitoring site although the ocean water quality monitoring contaminants were found without signicant changes in all time. This suggests that the ocean water quality monitoring sites were inconsistently sampled at 4 nm away from the coast which caused the dilution of contaminant concentrations and affecting the monitoring effectiveness. The sediment contaminants in Taichung Port monitoring site showed with the exception of appearing unusual change. The results also showed that there is lack of bio-monitoring program carried out in rivers, estuary, and marine that are imperatively needed to resolve the ineffective sampling protocol implemented in the current coastal environmental monitoring. This is owing to the non unified for authorization between the municipality and environmental bureau. The Canada Ocean Acts on assessing the water and sediment and bio-monitoring in rivers, estuary, and marine as a whole concept were compared with the present study. Finally, the relevant authorities should implement river remediation to improve the pollution and thereby to maintain the sustainability of marine environment. It is needed to establish an integral monitoring program consisting of water and sediment and bio-monitoring in rivers, estuary, and marine to better predict the marine environmental quality. Also the integral and long-term monitoring program should ensure to predict the changes of west coastal and to achieve the effectiveness of marine management.

Inledning ASV Solar har sett en brist på dagens styrsystem för anläggningar vid utvinning av solvärme. De önskar då ett system som klarar av att styra separata panelsektioner, är skalbart och har ett användarvänligt webbgränssnitt. Metod Genom design och tillverkande av NodKontrollers som ska placeras på tak och vid tank att inhämta sensordata samt styrning av aktuatorer. Kommunikation mellan noderna sker via CAN bus där insamlad data skickas till en lokal databas för att sedan kunna visas via ett grafiskt gränssnitt en lokal webbserver. Här ska användaren sedan kunna ändra styrparametrar för systemet. Resultat En prototyp bestående av två NodKontroller har producerats, dessa samlar in temperaturdata från tank och tak samt sköter styrning av magnetventil och flödespump. Användaren kan via webbservern se loggad data samt sätta värden för styrning av system. / Introduction The company ASV Solar have identified a shortcoming in the control systems used in the equipment used for extraction of solar thermal extraction. They desire a system that can control separate sections if solar thermal panels, that is scalable and have a user friendly web interface. Method Through design and manufacturing of NodeControllers that will be placed on the roof and around the heat storage tank. These nodes will collect thermal data and control the water pump. Communication between the nodes is done over CAN bus where the collected data is sent to a local database to be displayed through a graphical interface on a local web server. In the web interface the user can set control parameters for the system. Result A prototype consisting of two NodeControllers have been produced, these collect the temperature data from the roof and heat storage tank, also managing the control of solenoid valve and flow pump. The user can through the web interface access stored data and set control values for the system.

Even two years after the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting and event industry's efforts must focus on understanding attendees' purchase behaviors and event modality preferences. This study aims to address these factors by using a 2 (Event modality: in-person or virtual) × 6 (six dimensions of perceived value: social value, emotional value, monetary value, functional value, novelty value, and convenience value) between-subject experiment design and a 6 (Six dimensions of perceived value (PV): social value, emotional value, monetary value, functional value, novelty value, and convenience value) x 2 (PV effect on word-of-mouth (WOM) intent and repeat purchase intent (RPI)) between-subject experimental design. Specifically, it applies the perceived value theory in investigating the effects of different value dimensions (social, emotional, monetary, functional, novelty, and convenience) based on attendee event modality (in-person or virtual) and their impact on WOM intent and RPI. The data was collected via Prolific. Different ANOVA and t-tests were conducted. The results suggest that event modality had little bearing on the six dimensions of PV. Results also showed that PV positively impacts WOM intent and RPI.