Introdução: A tuberculose e a histoplasmose são clínica-radiológica e histopatologicamente semelhantes, o que pode levar ao tratamento equivocado. Neste sentido, a importância do atual projeto é a confirmação de casos de histoplasmose em pacientes com suposta tuberculose, no Vale d Sinos – Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivo: Demonstrar a prevalência de histoplasmose a partir da detecção de anticorpos anti- Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) em pacientes que possuíam diagnóstico inconclusivo e que receberam tratamento para tuberculose. Métodos e resultados: A primeira fase do estudo foi retrospectiva, com análise de prontuários para a seleção de pacientes cadastrados no Sistema Único de Saúde que receberam tratamento tuberculostático sem diagnóstico etiológico conclusivo para tuberculose. A segunda fase do estudo foi prospectiva, onde o soro dos pacientes que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão/exclusão foi analisado por imunodifusão radial dupla para a detecção da presença de anticorpos anti-H. capsulatum. Dos 42 soros testados, três (7,14%) tiveram resultado positivo para a presença de anticorpos anti-H. capsulatum. Conclusão: A ausência de achados etiológicos conclusivos para a tuberculose aliados à positivação da imunodifusão para H. capsulatum, demonstra que três pacientes apresentavam histoplasmose e não tuberculose, sugerindo a necessidade de pesquisa da micose nos casos com suspeita de tuberculose, mas sem confirmação diagnóstica. / Introduction: Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis are clinic-radiologic and hitopatologically similar, and so the treatment may be mistaken. In this sense, the importance of this project is to confirm histoplasmosis cases on patients who are being treated for supposed tuberculosis, in Vale do Sinos – Rio Grande do Sul. Aim: To demonstrate the prevalence of histoplasmosis by the presence of anti-Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) antibodies in patients whose diagnosis is inconclusive and who have been treated for tuberculosis. Methods and Results: The first stage of the study was retrospective, by the analysis of medical records to select patients who are filed on Sistema Único de Saúde and who have received tuberculostatic treatment without conclusive etiologic diagnosis for tuberculosis. The second stage of the study was prospective, and the serum of patients who are integrated to inclusion/exclusion criteria was examined by double radial im munodiffusion to detect the presence of anti-H. capsulatum antibodies. From the 42 serum which were tested, three of them (7,14%) have had positive results for the presence of anti-H. capsulatum antibodies. Conclusion: The lack of conclusive etiologic find for tuberculosis associated to the positivation of immunodiffusion for H. capsulatum, proves that three patients have showed histoplasmosis and not tuberculosis, proposing then the necessity of a research of mycosis on the cases which there is the suspect of tuberculosis, but without diagnostic confirmation.

Introdução: A tuberculose e a histoplasmose são clínica-radiológica e histopatologicamente semelhantes, o que pode levar ao tratamento equivocado. Neste sentido, a importância do atual projeto é a confirmação de casos de histoplasmose em pacientes com suposta tuberculose, no Vale d Sinos – Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivo: Demonstrar a prevalência de histoplasmose a partir da detecção de anticorpos anti- Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) em pacientes que possuíam diagnóstico inconclusivo e que receberam tratamento para tuberculose. Métodos e resultados: A primeira fase do estudo foi retrospectiva, com análise de prontuários para a seleção de pacientes cadastrados no Sistema Único de Saúde que receberam tratamento tuberculostático sem diagnóstico etiológico conclusivo para tuberculose. A segunda fase do estudo foi prospectiva, onde o soro dos pacientes que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão/exclusão foi analisado por imunodifusão radial dupla para a detecção da presença de anticorpos anti-H. capsulatum. Dos 42 soros testados, três (7,14%) tiveram resultado positivo para a presença de anticorpos anti-H. capsulatum. Conclusão: A ausência de achados etiológicos conclusivos para a tuberculose aliados à positivação da imunodifusão para H. capsulatum, demonstra que três pacientes apresentavam histoplasmose e não tuberculose, sugerindo a necessidade de pesquisa da micose nos casos com suspeita de tuberculose, mas sem confirmação diagnóstica. / Introduction: Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis are clinic-radiologic and hitopatologically similar, and so the treatment may be mistaken. In this sense, the importance of this project is to confirm histoplasmosis cases on patients who are being treated for supposed tuberculosis, in Vale do Sinos – Rio Grande do Sul. Aim: To demonstrate the prevalence of histoplasmosis by the presence of anti-Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) antibodies in patients whose diagnosis is inconclusive and who have been treated for tuberculosis. Methods and Results: The first stage of the study was retrospective, by the analysis of medical records to select patients who are filed on Sistema Único de Saúde and who have received tuberculostatic treatment without conclusive etiologic diagnosis for tuberculosis. The second stage of the study was prospective, and the serum of patients who are integrated to inclusion/exclusion criteria was examined by double radial im munodiffusion to detect the presence of anti-H. capsulatum antibodies. From the 42 serum which were tested, three of them (7,14%) have had positive results for the presence of anti-H. capsulatum antibodies. Conclusion: The lack of conclusive etiologic find for tuberculosis associated to the positivation of immunodiffusion for H. capsulatum, proves that three patients have showed histoplasmosis and not tuberculosis, proposing then the necessity of a research of mycosis on the cases which there is the suspect of tuberculosis, but without diagnostic confirmation.

Introdução: A tuberculose e a histoplasmose são clínica-radiológica e histopatologicamente semelhantes, o que pode levar ao tratamento equivocado. Neste sentido, a importância do atual projeto é a confirmação de casos de histoplasmose em pacientes com suposta tuberculose, no Vale d Sinos – Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivo: Demonstrar a prevalência de histoplasmose a partir da detecção de anticorpos anti- Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) em pacientes que possuíam diagnóstico inconclusivo e que receberam tratamento para tuberculose. Métodos e resultados: A primeira fase do estudo foi retrospectiva, com análise de prontuários para a seleção de pacientes cadastrados no Sistema Único de Saúde que receberam tratamento tuberculostático sem diagnóstico etiológico conclusivo para tuberculose. A segunda fase do estudo foi prospectiva, onde o soro dos pacientes que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão/exclusão foi analisado por imunodifusão radial dupla para a detecção da presença de anticorpos anti-H. capsulatum. Dos 42 soros testados, três (7,14%) tiveram resultado positivo para a presença de anticorpos anti-H. capsulatum. Conclusão: A ausência de achados etiológicos conclusivos para a tuberculose aliados à positivação da imunodifusão para H. capsulatum, demonstra que três pacientes apresentavam histoplasmose e não tuberculose, sugerindo a necessidade de pesquisa da micose nos casos com suspeita de tuberculose, mas sem confirmação diagnóstica. / Introduction: Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis are clinic-radiologic and hitopatologically similar, and so the treatment may be mistaken. In this sense, the importance of this project is to confirm histoplasmosis cases on patients who are being treated for supposed tuberculosis, in Vale do Sinos – Rio Grande do Sul. Aim: To demonstrate the prevalence of histoplasmosis by the presence of anti-Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) antibodies in patients whose diagnosis is inconclusive and who have been treated for tuberculosis. Methods and Results: The first stage of the study was retrospective, by the analysis of medical records to select patients who are filed on Sistema Único de Saúde and who have received tuberculostatic treatment without conclusive etiologic diagnosis for tuberculosis. The second stage of the study was prospective, and the serum of patients who are integrated to inclusion/exclusion criteria was examined by double radial im munodiffusion to detect the presence of anti-H. capsulatum antibodies. From the 42 serum which were tested, three of them (7,14%) have had positive results for the presence of anti-H. capsulatum antibodies. Conclusion: The lack of conclusive etiologic find for tuberculosis associated to the positivation of immunodiffusion for H. capsulatum, proves that three patients have showed histoplasmosis and not tuberculosis, proposing then the necessity of a research of mycosis on the cases which there is the suspect of tuberculosis, but without diagnostic confirmation.

Calves are born agammaglobulinemic and rely on colostrum consumption for the transfer of maternal passive immunity. Calves that fail to absorb adequate amounts of maternal antibodies from colostrum are commonly referred to as having failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). The overall aim of this dissertation was to explore the usefulness of FTPI testing in neonatal beef calves to predict their risk for subsequent illness or death. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of FTPI on pre-weaning disease in beef and dairy calves, quantify and compare the variance in IgG concentrations measured by radial immunodiffusion and serum total protein (STP) values measured by optical refractometry, and evaluate the correlation between herd-level prevalence of FTPI and herd-level prevalence of pre-weaning disease in beef calves. Evaluation of literature relevant to FTPI was compiled and assessed to quantify the impact of FTPI on pre-weaning disease in beef and dairy calves. A series of randomized trials were used to evaluate the variance in IgG concentrations and STP values from banked serum. Health records from multiple farms and IgG results were used to evaluate the relationship between FTPI and disease at the individual and herd-level. Failed transfer of passive immunity had a variable association with pre-weaning disease in beef and dairy calves. IgG concentrations were less precise than STP values especially when dilution was required. IgG concentrations and STP values were associated with an increased risk of disease in pre-weaned beef calves, but FTPI cut-off values poorly classified the risk for subsequent disease. The proportion of calves with FTPI was not correlated with the proportion of calves that developed pre-weaning disease. Using a single immunological factor, such as IgG concentration or STP, to predict disease results in the misclassification of disease risk and does not consider additional component causes of disease.

Submitted by Luis Guilherme Macena (guilhermelg2004@gmail.com) on 2013-05-07T13:58:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Karen Helene Asch.pdf: 1993056 bytes, checksum: 37006a8cb3f8fe11cf9d8147b382b8f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-07T13:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Karen Helene Asch.pdf: 1993056 bytes, checksum: 37006a8cb3f8fe11cf9d8147b382b8f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil