Marburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2003.

Universiẗat, FB Medizin, Diss.--Hamburg, 2007.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--München.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Marburg. / Zeichen im HST teilw. nicht vorlagegemäß wiedergegeben.

The Chernobyl disaster is still considered to be one of the biggest catastrophic accidents in the history of nuclear energetics. After the explosion of the nuclear reactor, abundance of radioactive substance escaped to the atmosphere and in the shape of the radioactive cloud affected even the area of the former Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Political parties and state authorities reacted on this situation by setting up the state committee, which under political pressure intentionally concealed the information about the risks and consequences of the disaster for the Czechoslovak population. The collapse of the regime not only revealed the crisis of the mistrust to the official sources of information, but also improved the effort of getting information from unofficial and, according to regime, illegal sources. The Chernobyl disaster also caused the mistrust to nuclear energetics. Therefore construction and initiation of the Temelín nuclear power station elicited the interest to the information about The Chernobyl disaster. I have decided to authenticate in my thesis, how well the residents of the Czech Republic are familiar with the Chernobyl disaster and how objective their knowledge about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster at present are. I found out the state of the foreknowledge of the residents of the Czech Republic about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster by means of questionnaires, where 200 respondents were interviewed. For more detailed research, I divided the residents of the Czech Republic into two groups. The first one consisted of the inhabitants that live in the zone of the disaster preparedness of the Temelín nuclear power station and comprise one half of respondents. The second group consisted of the inhabitants that live of the zone of the disaster preparedness. I drew up questions in the questionnaire in order to include the given problems completely ? from the knowledge about the risks arising from the disaster and emission of the radioactive substances to their consequences for human?s health and the way of reduction their impacts on the population of the Czech Republic. I evaluated the answers from the respondents to the single answers and drew up the tables. I accomplished them by the percentage evaluation of the right and wrong answers, computation of total mean of the achieved points and the total percentage success rate. The evaluation of the knowledge of the respondents of the Czech Republic was accomplished on the basis of the value of total mean of the achieved points and percentage success rate. I did a statistical evaluation by testing normality using ?2 Pearson's chi-squared test. The mutual comparison of the knowledge I did by testing by means of the two-sample t-test on the basis of the guess of the empirical parameters from each group. On the basis of this evaluation of the results of the questionnaire I can declare that the knowledge of the residents of the Czech Republic about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster are at a very good level. The results also proved that inhabitants of the zone of the disaster preparedness of the Temelín nuclear power station have greater knowledge about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster than the rest of the Czech Republic. It can be observed in the conclusion that all predetermined aims were successfully achieved and the results of the questionnaire also proved the assigned hypothesis.

Reactive transport modelling has wide applications in geosciences. In the field of hydrogeology, it has been utilised to simulate the biogeochemical processes that disperse and degrade contaminants in the aquifer. For geotechnical applications, such as geological CO2 sequestration, the reaction of CO2 with the ambient saline aquifer determines the final success of storage. In a radioactive waste repository, scientists rely on reactive transport models to predict the mobilisation of hazardous radionuclides within space and time. In this work, the multi-component mass transport code OpenGeoSys, was coupled with two geochemical solvers, the Gibbs Energy Minimization Selektor (GEM) and the Biogeochemical Reaction Network Simulator (BRNS). Both coupled codes were verified against analytical solutions and simulation results from other numerical models. Moreover, the coupling interface was developed for parallel simulation. Test runs showed that the speed-up of reaction part had a very good linearity with number of nodes in the mesh. However, for three dimensional problems with complex geochemical reactions, the model performance was dominated by solving transport equations of mobile chemical components. OpenGeoSys-BRNS was applied to a two dimensional groundwater remediation problem. Its calculated concentration profiles fitted very well with analytical solutions and numerical results from TBC. The model revealed that natural attenuation of groundwater contaminants is mainly controlled by the mixing of carbon source and electron donor. OpenGeoSys-GEM was employed to investigate the retardation mechanism of radionuclides in the near field of a nuclear waste repository. Radium profiles in an idealised bentonite column was modelled with varying clay/water ratios. When clay content is limited, Ba-Sr-Ra sulfate solid solutions have a very strong retardation effect on the aqueous radium. Nevertheless, when clay mineral is abundant, cation exchange sites also attract Sr and Ba, thus dominates the transport of Ra.

In der Broschüre erhalten Sie Informationen zu den Eigenschaften, sein Vorkommen und Empfehlungen für den Umgang mit Radon. Radon ist ein radioaktives Edelgas. Es ist natürlichen Ursprungs und wird hauptsächlich aus dem Boden in die Luft freigesetzt. Deshalb wird Radon vom Menschen eingeatmet und kann Lungenkrebs verursachen. Der Mensch kann sich vor den schädlichen Wirkungen durch geeignete Maßnahmen schützen. Redaktionsschluss: 26.03.2019

Radioaktivität gibt es auf der Erde seit ihrer Entstehung und kommt im gesamten Lebensumfeld vor. Derzeit sind ca. 70 natürliche und weit über tausend künstlich erzeugte Radionuklide bekannt. Über einen bestimmten Zeitraum [z. B. eine Stunde (h), ein Jahr (a)], einer Strahlung ausgesetzt sein, heißt exponiert werden. Diese auf den menschlichen Körper einwirkende Strahlenexposition bewirkt die Aufnahme von Strahlungsenergie, die bei Wechselwirkung von Strahlung mit dem Körpergewebe an dieses abgegeben wird. In dieser Publikation wird das Vorkommen von Radioaktivität in der Umwelt und seine unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen auf den Menschen in Sachsen dargestellt. Sie ist eine Einführung in das Thema und richtet sich an die breite Öffentlichkeit. Redaktionsschluss: 30.09.2014

Reactive transport modelling has wide applications in geosciences. In the field of hydrogeology, it has been utilised to simulate the biogeochemical processes that disperse and degrade contaminants in the aquifer. For geotechnical applications, such as geological CO2 sequestration, the reaction of CO2 with the ambient saline aquifer determines the final success of storage. In a radioactive waste repository, scientists rely on reactive transport models to predict the mobilisation of hazardous radionuclides within space and time. In this work, the multi-component mass transport code OpenGeoSys, was coupled with two geochemical solvers, the Gibbs Energy Minimization Selektor (GEM) and the Biogeochemical Reaction Network Simulator (BRNS). Both coupled codes were verified against analytical solutions and simulation results from other numerical models. Moreover, the coupling interface was developed for parallel simulation. Test runs showed that the speed-up of reaction part had a very good linearity with number of nodes in the mesh. However, for three dimensional problems with complex geochemical reactions, the model performance was dominated by solving transport equations of mobile chemical components. OpenGeoSys-BRNS was applied to a two dimensional groundwater remediation problem. Its calculated concentration profiles fitted very well with analytical solutions and numerical results from TBC. The model revealed that natural attenuation of groundwater contaminants is mainly controlled by the mixing of carbon source and electron donor. OpenGeoSys-GEM was employed to investigate the retardation mechanism of radionuclides in the near field of a nuclear waste repository. Radium profiles in an idealised bentonite column was modelled with varying clay/water ratios. When clay content is limited, Ba-Sr-Ra sulfate solid solutions have a very strong retardation effect on the aqueous radium. Nevertheless, when clay mineral is abundant, cation exchange sites also attract Sr and Ba, thus dominates the transport of Ra.

In der Broschüre erhalten Sie Informationen zu den Eigenschaften, sein Vorkommen und Empfehlungen für den Umgang mit Radon. Radon ist ein radioaktives Edelgas. Es ist natürlichen Ursprungs und wird hauptsächlich aus dem Boden in die Luft freigesetzt. Deshalb wird Radon vom Menschen eingeatmet und kann Lungenkrebs verursachen. Der Mensch kann sich vor den schädlichen Wirkungen durch geeignete Maßnahmen schützen. Redaktionsschluss: 26.03.2019, aktualisiert November 2021