Thesis (M.Sc. (Medical Technology))--Mahidol University, 2004.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-168). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-168). Also available on the Internet.

M.Tech. (Radiography) / Knowledge and skills are related to time and become obsolete if no effort is made to update them on an ongoing basis. Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is, therefore, the effort of committed professional practitioners to maintain and broaden the knowledge and skills related to their profession, following completion of formal training. The legal obligation of healthcare professional practitioners is to provide a high standard of care and act in the best interest of patients. To achieve this, radiographers must maintain and strive to improve their professional knowledge and competence. The main aim of this study was thus to assess the diagnostic radiographers‟ CPD participation in Kenya. The study was empirical in nature and therefore relied heavily on perceptions, experiences and observations. Mail questionnaires were sent to 250 radiographers working in Kenya during the time of the study. Self- addressed and stamped envelopes accompanied the questionnaires for ease of reply. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14.0 and the results were presented in frequency and percentage tables. Cross tabulations were employed to demonstrate and test relationships between variables. Results revealed that a large number (69%) of diagnostic radiographers in Kenya are not participating in CPD due to various barriers. The study, therefore, recommended that CPD for radiographers should be declared compulsory and penalties are introduced for non-adherence to CPD requirements. This could encourage radiographers to keep up to date with modern techniques. The SORK should provide a legal framework for CPD and legitimize the organization and implementation of CPD structures...

The purpose of this quantitative study was to provide a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to collect radiologic science faculty members' perceptions of online education. Using a survey modified from an existing study, data were collected concerning faculty perceptions of online education in radiologic sciences. R was used to analyze the survey data through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, short form optimization, and weighted multiple regression analysis to produce an instrument that exhibits both content and construct validity, is reliable, and is a shortened, optimized version of the original instrument. The findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are provided to begin work broadening this under-researched area in the field of radiologic sciences.

No description available.

Há muito que se reconhece que a mama não é um orgão estático. Do nascimento à senilidade a mama esta sujeita à variações que vão desde o formato até a composição e arquitetura tecidual. Estas variações são notórias à simples inspeção, palpação, cortes histológicos, dosagens e outros métodos de estudo. Tais variações são decorrentes de fenômenos da esfera endócrina relacionada à vários hormônios envolvidos com o desenvolvimento, tal como: Estrogênios, FSH, LH, TSH, Mineralocorticóides, Prolactina, Progestágenos, Insulina , T3, T4, Glicocorticóides, Hormônio do Crescimento etc. Por outro lado, sabe se também das variações que a mama sofre dentro de apenas um ciclo menstrual decorrentes de fenômenos da esfera endócrina diretamente relacionadas aos hormônios envolvidos com o ciclo menstrual. Por isso, o presente trabalho avalia as implicações cíclicas da mama na qualidade da imagem mamográfica. Para tanto, uma investigação extensiva é feita com exposições radiográficas das mamas de uma cabra a fim de avaliar o perfil das variações de densidade ao longo de um ciclo completo. Inferências dos resultados obtidos são comparadas com algumas mamografias de mulheres , o que comprova a influência e o período em que melhor se pode visibilizar estruturas de interesse no mamograma convencional. / There is known, in long time, that breast is not an static organ. From birth to old age the breast is vulnerable to many variations that come from shape to composition and tissue architecture. This variation is well-know in a single inspection, touching, histological cuts, dosages and many others learning’s methods.These variations come from endocrine phenomenon, connected to many hormones that are involved with the breasts development, as this sequence: Estrogenes, FSH, LH, TSH, T3, T4, Glycocorticoids, Growth’s Hormones and many others. On the other hand, it’s known that the breast’s variations during a menstrual cycle come from endocrine phenomenon with a directly connection to the hormones in this cycle. The present work evaluatetes the breast cycle implications to mammographic images quality. For this pourpose, an extensive investigation is been done by using radiographic exposures of an goat breast in orden to evaluate the image density variation pattern thow a complete cycle. The result can ben inferred to some human mammographics showin the influence and period when structures of interest in convencional mammographicies.

Há muito que se reconhece que a mama não é um orgão estático. Do nascimento à senilidade a mama esta sujeita à variações que vão desde o formato até a composição e arquitetura tecidual. Estas variações são notórias à simples inspeção, palpação, cortes histológicos, dosagens e outros métodos de estudo. Tais variações são decorrentes de fenômenos da esfera endócrina relacionada à vários hormônios envolvidos com o desenvolvimento, tal como: Estrogênios, FSH, LH, TSH, Mineralocorticóides, Prolactina, Progestágenos, Insulina , T3, T4, Glicocorticóides, Hormônio do Crescimento etc. Por outro lado, sabe se também das variações que a mama sofre dentro de apenas um ciclo menstrual decorrentes de fenômenos da esfera endócrina diretamente relacionadas aos hormônios envolvidos com o ciclo menstrual. Por isso, o presente trabalho avalia as implicações cíclicas da mama na qualidade da imagem mamográfica. Para tanto, uma investigação extensiva é feita com exposições radiográficas das mamas de uma cabra a fim de avaliar o perfil das variações de densidade ao longo de um ciclo completo. Inferências dos resultados obtidos são comparadas com algumas mamografias de mulheres , o que comprova a influência e o período em que melhor se pode visibilizar estruturas de interesse no mamograma convencional. / There is known, in long time, that breast is not an static organ. From birth to old age the breast is vulnerable to many variations that come from shape to composition and tissue architecture. This variation is well-know in a single inspection, touching, histological cuts, dosages and many others learning’s methods.These variations come from endocrine phenomenon, connected to many hormones that are involved with the breasts development, as this sequence: Estrogenes, FSH, LH, TSH, T3, T4, Glycocorticoids, Growth’s Hormones and many others. On the other hand, it’s known that the breast’s variations during a menstrual cycle come from endocrine phenomenon with a directly connection to the hormones in this cycle. The present work evaluatetes the breast cycle implications to mammographic images quality. For this pourpose, an extensive investigation is been done by using radiographic exposures of an goat breast in orden to evaluate the image density variation pattern thow a complete cycle. The result can ben inferred to some human mammographics showin the influence and period when structures of interest in convencional mammographicies.

Κατά τα τελευταία έτη παρατηρείται μια ραγδαία αύξηση του ενδιαφέροντος, από μια μεγάλη γκάμα κοινωνικών ομάδων (φαρμακευτικές εταιρίες, ιδιώτες κτλ), αλλά και το κράτος, για την οικονομική αποτίμηση των ιατρικών πράξεων. Ο χώρος της ακτινολογίας ιδιαίτερα, παρουσιάζει στην Ελλάδα μια ιδιαίτερη δυναμική και αυξανόμενους ρυθμούς, γι’ αυτό το λόγο πέρα από την καθαρά ιατρική επισκόπηση των εξελίξεων της επιστήμης, απαιτείται και μια επιστημονικά έγκυρη οικονομική αποτίμηση και αξιολόγηση. Η παρούσα διατριβή έρχεται να καλύψει το κενό αυτό που υπάρχει στον χώρο της υγείας, ή ακριβέστερα στην επιτομή της Ιατρικής και Οικονομικής Επιστήμης για την εξαγωγή γόνιμων συμπερασμάτων που αφορούν την ορθολογική αξιολόγηση των περιορισμένων πόρων της Υγείας. Το πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας, που αποτελείται από τα 4 πρώτα κεφάλαια, αναφέρεται στο καθαρά ιατρικό μέρος που αφορά την ακτινολογία στις μέρες μας. Στο δεύτερο μέρος η μεθοδολογία και το ύφος αλλάζουν, προκειμένου να καλυφθεί αυτή η δεύτερη αναγκαιότητα για την οποία έγινε λόγος παραπάνω. Ευελπιστώ ότι η παρούσα διατριβή θα αποτελέσει την απαρχή και άλλων τέτοιων προσπαθειών, δεδομένης της σχεδόν ανύπαρκτης παιδείας των Ιατρών στην Οικονομική επιστήμη και στις συχνά ενδιαφέρουσες και γοητευτικές - αν και ενίοτε δυσνόητες- μεθόδους της. / -

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has excellent soft tissue contrast, which can be enhanced by different contrast agents, multiplanar imaging capability and high temporal and spatial resolution. Even blood vessels can be easily visualised, and MRI parameters are sensitive to temperature. Therefore, MRI has the greatest potential for guiding and monitoring interventional and surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate new solutions for MR-guided procedures and surgery, to develop the technique and to assess the feasibility of MR-guided nerve root infiltration, bone biopsy and sacroiliac (SI) joint arthrography. The possibilities for versatile use of MR scanners were studied with a setup where an MR scanner with a 0,23 T open magnet was installed in a full-scale operating room (OR) to allow diagnostic MRI examinations, research, radiological interventions and neurosurgical operations to be performed in the same facility. All of the 144 MR-guided radiological interventions and neurosurgical operations performed in Oulu University Hospital between February 1999 and September 2000 were included in the study. The studied setup was a functionally feasible solution for combined neurosurgical and radiological use. To further improve MR-guided interventions, a new user interface was developed and preliminary tested with simulated clinical experiments. The new user interface seemed to be easily adobted by radiologists for interventional procedures. MR-guided nerve root infiltrations were studied by using MRI guidance on 34 consequent patients referred for first sacral root infiltration. Needle placement into the first sacral nerve root sheath was successful in 34 of the 35 (97%) cases, and the average duration of the procedure was 32 minutes. Bone biopsies were performed using a bone biopsy set designed in our institution to be connected to an optical tracking system. The feasibility of this new guiding system was evaluated with biopsies from five different anatomical areas. The bone biopsy system was successfully applied to all patients and provided a safe and accurate guidance method for all phases of the procedure. Twenty patients with low back pain suspected to arise from the SI joint underwent MR-guided SI joint arthrography. The procedure was successfully performed in all cases. The needle guiding with optical tracking inside the soft tissues proved to be accurate enough for successful procedures. In conclusion, versatile use of MR scanners for diagnostic imaging, radiological procedures and neurosurgery is feasible if planned properly. The prototype of a new user interface for MR-guided procedures allows radiologist to fully control the MR-scanner during the procedure. MRI is a suitable and accurate guidance method for musculoskeletal interventions.