In the last decade outdoor and recreational activities hence white-water rafting gained more attention in the sport market. According to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey, every year around 600.000 local and foreigner people are purchasing and participating in the white-water rafting activity as outdoor and recreational consumers. However, there has been little research done on outdoor and recreational sports participants. In particular, the reason why consumers participate in outdoor and recreational activities has not been investigated in the local market although the number of participants is rapidly extending. Since motivation and decision making behavior is a significant determinant of sport. participation, it is essential for the sport marketers to understand and evaluate psychological needs and motivations of outdoor sport participants. The purpose of this study is to analyze motivational factors of individuals as consumers who become involved in a daily rafting trip as an outdoor and recreational sport. The current research has been modified and applied from the survey of motivations of the sport consumer which was developed by McDonald and Milne (1999). The original instrument includes 43 items which represent 13 motivation factors. The survey questionnaire attempts to define and portray the Turkish white-water rafting consumers by analyzing the thirteen constructs on 517 white-water rafting trip participants and adapt the Milne &amp / McDonald&rsquo / s (1999) Motivation of the Sport Consumer Scale to Turkish culture by examining Turkish outdoor and recreational sport consumers in the case of a daily white water rafting rafting trip. To determine the dimensional structure of the items chosen and to assess the adequacy of motivational factors of the rafting consumers, data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. Maximum Likelihood factor method was used to extract possible factors, followed by an oblique rotation to identify stable factor loadings for each item. Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated the existence of a nine dimensions, (Self actualization &amp / self esteem, aggression, physical fitness, social facilitation, achievement &amp / competition, stress release, affiliation &amp / aesthetics, risk taking, value development) in 43-item, scale that accounted for 56.654% of the common variance. According to the results of the second factor analysis generated to define the 4 sub factors , the first factor that labeled as &lsquo / Mental well being needs&rsquo / was defining the 26.131 % of the common variance. The second factor &lsquo / Sport based needs&rsquo / was defining the 6.569 % of the common variance. The third factor which was including only the &lsquo / physical fitness&rsquo / construct / defined the 6.523 % of the common variance and labeled as Fitness needs. Finally the fourth factor which was labeled as social well being needs defined the 5.116 % of the common variance and contained the social facilitation and affiliation constructs. .

Understanding the effects of aged microstructures on the thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) properties of nickel-base (Ni-base) superalloys remains unclear. Few experimental results are currently available in this area, and of the limited results available, some promote aged microstructures as beneficial, while others as detri- mental. The importance of these aged structures arises from the fact that when components used in the hot sections of gas turbine engines remain in service for ex- tended periods of time, the local temperature and stress provides the catalyst for the evolution of the microstructure. An experimental assessment of a negative misfit directionally solidified (DS) Ni- base superalloy was undertaken to characterize the aging kinetics and understand the influence of the TMF cycle temperature extremum, temperature-load phasing, mean strain, creep-fatigue, orientation effects, and microstructure on TMF fatigue crack initiation. To determine the effects of aging on the TMF response, the as-heat- treated alloy was artificially aged to three unique microstructures identified in the aging kinetics study. The experiments revealed that not all aged microstructures are detrimental to the fatigue life behavior. Specifically, when the γ′ precipitates age in a manner to align themselves parallel to the axis of the applied stress, an increase in the fatigue life over that of the as-heat-treated microstructure is observed for out-of-phase TMF with dwells. To extend the experimental understanding of the aged microstructures into ser- vice component design and life analysis, a temperature-dependent crystal viscoplas- ticity (CVP) constitutive model is developed to capture the sensitivity of the aged microstructure through embedding additional variables associated with the current state of the γ′ particles. As a result of the adaptations, the CVP model has the ability to describe the long-term aging effects of directional coarsening relevant to the analysis industrial gas turbine hot section components.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-11-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:32:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_fh_me_rcla.pdf: 832670 bytes, checksum: 52654143852bb7368c83736e6954a1d4 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, investiga a possibilidade da existência de relações ressonantes das experiências emocionais vivenciadas nas Atividades Físicas de Aventura na Natureza (AFAN), no contexto do lazer e o desenvolvimento do potencial criativo, no âmbito do trabalho. O estudo foi desenvolvido sob duas perspectivas investigativas: a primeira, uma revisão de literatura sobre a temática proposta e a segunda uma pesquisa exploratória. A pesquisa exploratória foi subdividida em duas etapas: a vivência do rafting, Atividade Física de Aventura na Natureza proposta para o estudo, pelos sujeitos participantes do mesmo, seguida da aplicação de um questionário contendo perguntas abertas, o qual buscou identificar os estados emocionais suscitados pela vivência e as estratégias adotadas para a solução de problemas intervenientes, segundo a categorização: 1. processos intelectuais, 2. processos sociais e 3. processos afetivos. Os sujeitos da pesquisa caracterizam-se por serem indivíduos adultos, de ambos os sexos, ocupantes de diferentes categorias de engajamento profissional, porém, em posições de comando de equipe, funcionários de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do Estado de São Paulo. A segunda etapa da pesquisa exploratória deu-se nas dependências da própria Instituição, onde os sujeitos participaram de um encontro, que teve como objetivo, estimular o desenvolvimento da criatividade para a re-elaboração da resolução dos problemas experimentados nas AFAN e no trabalho, seguido da aplicação de uma entrevista centrada, a qual buscou identificar as possíveis ressonâncias emocionais das AFAN na criatividade produtiva. Os dados provenientes da aplicação dos instrumentos foram analisados e apresentados descritivamente, utilizando-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático. Os sujeitos levantaram como elementos ressonantes... / This qualitative nature study investigates the possibility of the existence of resonant relationships between the emotional experiences lived in the Nature Physical Adventure Activities (AFAN) in the leisure context and the creative potential development in the work scope. The first, a literature revision on the proposed thematic and the second an exploratory research. The exploratory research was subdivided in two stages: the rafting existence, the Nature Physical Adventure Activities proposed for the study, by the participants of it, followed by a questionnaire application containing open questions to identify the emotional states raised by the existence and the strategies adopted for the solution of intervening problems, according to the categories: 1. intellectual processes, 2. social processes and 3. affective processes. The individuals of the research are characterized by being adult people, of both sexes, being engaged in different professional categories, however, in team command positions, employees at a Superior Education Institution in São Paulo State. The second stage of the exploratory research occurred in the Institution dependences, where the individuals took part of an encounter that had as a main objective stimulate the creativity development to re-elaborate the resolution of the experienced problems in AFAN and in work, followed by application of a centered interview which tried to identify the possible emotional resonance concerned to the AFAN in the productive creativity. The data originating from the instrument application were analyzed and descriptively presented, using the Thematic Content Analysis technique. The individuals raised up as resonant elements of the rafting on the productive creativity according to the proposed category, mainly: in the intellectual process category they pointed out the previous... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Gisele Maria Schwartz / Banca: Afonso Antonio Machado / Banca: Valério José Arantes / Resumo: Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, investiga a possibilidade da existência de relações ressonantes das experiências emocionais vivenciadas nas Atividades Físicas de Aventura na Natureza (AFAN), no contexto do lazer e o desenvolvimento do potencial criativo, no âmbito do trabalho. O estudo foi desenvolvido sob duas perspectivas investigativas: a primeira, uma revisão de literatura sobre a temática proposta e a segunda uma pesquisa exploratória. A pesquisa exploratória foi subdividida em duas etapas: a vivência do rafting, Atividade Física de Aventura na Natureza proposta para o estudo, pelos sujeitos participantes do mesmo, seguida da aplicação de um questionário contendo perguntas abertas, o qual buscou identificar os estados emocionais suscitados pela vivência e as estratégias adotadas para a solução de problemas intervenientes, segundo a categorização: 1. processos intelectuais, 2. processos sociais e 3. processos afetivos. Os sujeitos da pesquisa caracterizam-se por serem indivíduos adultos, de ambos os sexos, ocupantes de diferentes categorias de engajamento profissional, porém, em posições de comando de equipe, funcionários de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do Estado de São Paulo. A segunda etapa da pesquisa exploratória deu-se nas dependências da própria Instituição, onde os sujeitos participaram de um encontro, que teve como objetivo, estimular o desenvolvimento da criatividade para a re-elaboração da resolução dos problemas experimentados nas AFAN e no trabalho, seguido da aplicação de uma entrevista centrada, a qual buscou identificar as possíveis ressonâncias emocionais das AFAN na criatividade produtiva. Os dados provenientes da aplicação dos instrumentos foram analisados e apresentados descritivamente, utilizando-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático. Os sujeitos levantaram como elementos ressonantes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This qualitative nature study investigates the possibility of the existence of resonant relationships between the emotional experiences lived in the "Nature Physical Adventure Activities" (AFAN) in the leisure context and the creative potential development in the work scope. The first, a literature revision on the proposed thematic and the second an exploratory research. The exploratory research was subdivided in two stages: the rafting existence, the "Nature Physical Adventure Activities" proposed for the study, by the participants of it, followed by a questionnaire application containing open questions to identify the emotional states raised by the existence and the strategies adopted for the solution of intervening problems, according to the categories: 1. intellectual processes, 2. social processes and 3. affective processes. The individuals of the research are characterized by being adult people, of both sexes, being engaged in different professional categories, however, in team command positions, employees at a Superior Education Institution in São Paulo State. The second stage of the exploratory research occurred in the Institution dependences, where the individuals took part of an encounter that had as a main objective stimulate the creativity development to re-elaborate the resolution of the experienced problems in AFAN and in work, followed by application of a centered interview which tried to identify the possible emotional resonance concerned to the AFAN in the productive creativity. The data originating from the instrument application were analyzed and descriptively presented, using the Thematic Content Analysis technique. The individuals raised up as resonant elements of the rafting on the productive creativity according to the proposed category, mainly: in the intellectual process category they pointed out the previous... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Sammanfattning Biflödesområden och sammanflödeszoner spelar en viktig roll, inte minst genom deras förmåga att förändra miljöförhållandena och framkalla ett biologiskt svar i huvudfåran de rinner ut i. Biflödesområden utgör även platser med högt inneboende ekologiskt värde, där särskilda biofysiska processer och ekologiska tjänster ofta är koncentrerade. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida biflödesmynningsområden inom Klarälvens avrinningsområde utgjorde hotspots för fisk samt kartlägga eventuella fluviala påverkansfaktorer. Parametrar som studerades var artförekomst och medeltäthet samt omvärldsfaktorerna medeldjup, lokalbredd, bottensubstrat, vattennivå, vattenhastighet och förekomsten av vandringshinder i vattendraget. Flest arter återfanns i Klarälvens huvudfåra, varpå biflödesmynningarna hade näst flest arter och uppströms biflödena lägst antal arter. Medeltäthet av arterna bergsimpa (Cottus poecilopus), elritsa (Phoxinus phoxinus) och lake (Lota lota) var störst i biflödesmynningarna, medan medeltätheten av lax (Salmo salar) och öring (Salmo trutta) var som störst uppströms biflödena. Resultatet visade också att öring, i större utsträckning än lax, förekom högre uppströms i biflödena, ett förhållande som även stödjs av tidigare studier. Gällande omvärldsfaktorerna var vattenhastigheten signifikant högre i biflödemynningarna och uppströms biflödena jämfört med i huvudfåran, samtidigt som det högsta diversitetsvärdet för bottensubstratkompositionen återfanns i huvudfåran. Utifrån dessa resultat var det svårt att dra en slutsats kring om biflödesmynningarna faktiskt utgjorde hotspots för fisk eller inte, då det skiftade beroende på vilka parametrar som studerades. En bedömning gjordes att biflödesmynningsområden inom Klarälvens avrinningsområde inte utgjorde hotspots för fisk. Nyckelord: Biflödesmynning, biflöde, huvudfåra, Klarälven, flottning, vattenkraft / Abstract Tributary areas and confluence zones play an important role, not least through their ability to change environmental conditions and elicit a biological response in the main stream they flow into. Tributary areas also provide sites of high inherent ecological value, where specific biophysical processes and ecological services are often concentrated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether tributary mouths within the catchment area of Klarälven constituted hotspots for fish and to identify possible environmental factors associated with hotspots. Parameters studied were species composition and mean density, as well as the physical factors such as average depth, local width, bottom substrate, water level, water velocity and the occurrence of migratory obstacles in the watercourse. Most species were found in the mainstream, whereas tributary mouths had the second highest species richness and upstream tributaries had the lowest number of species. The mean density of the alpine bullhead (Cottus poecilopus), eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) and burbot (Lota lota) was greatest in the tributary mouths, while the mean density of salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salmo trutta) was greatest upstream of the tributaries. The results also showed that trout, to a greater extent than salmon, occurred higher upstream in the tributaries, a relationship that is also supported by previous studies. Regarding the physical factors, water velocity was significantly higher in the tributary mouths and upstream tributaries than in the mainstream, while the highest diversity for bottom substrate composition was found in the mainstream. Based on these results, it was difficult to conclude whether tributary mouths actually constituted hotspots for fish or not, as it varied depending on the parameters studied. Overall tributary mouths within the catchment area of Klarälven did not constitute hotspots for fish. Keywords: Estuary, tributary, mainstream, river, rafting, hydropower

No description available.

<p>In this licentiate thesis the work done in the project KME410 will be presented. The overall objective of this project is to evaluate and develop tools for designing against fatigue in single-crystal nickel-base superalloys in gas turbines. Experiments have been done on single-crystal nickel-base superalloy specimens in order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the material. The constitutive behaviour has been modelled and verified by simulations of the experiments. Furthermore, the  microstructural degradation during long-time ageing has been investigated with  respect to the component’s yield limit. The effect has been included in the  constitutive model by lowering the resulting yield limit. Finally, the fatigue crack  initiation of a component has been analysed and modelled by using a critical plane approach.</p><p>This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part the theoretical framework, based upon continuum mechanics, crystal plasticity and the critical plane approach, is derived. This framework is then used in the second part, which consists of three included papers. Finally, in the third part, details are presented of the used  numerical procedures.</p>

In this licentiate thesis the work done in the project KME410 will be presented. The overall objective of this project is to evaluate and develop tools for designing against fatigue in single-crystal nickel-base superalloys in gas turbines. Experiments have been done on single-crystal nickel-base superalloy specimens in order to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the material. The constitutive behaviour has been modelled and verified by simulations of the experiments. Furthermore, the  microstructural degradation during long-time ageing has been investigated with  respect to the component’s yield limit. The effect has been included in the  constitutive model by lowering the resulting yield limit. Finally, the fatigue crack  initiation of a component has been analysed and modelled by using a critical plane approach. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part the theoretical framework, based upon continuum mechanics, crystal plasticity and the critical plane approach, is derived. This framework is then used in the second part, which consists of three included papers. Finally, in the third part, details are presented of the used  numerical procedures.

In this dissertation the work done in the projects KME-410/502 will be presented.The overall objective in these projects is to evaluate and develop tools for designingagainst fatigue in single-crystal nickel-base superalloys in gas turbines. Experimentshave been done on single-crystal nickel-base superalloy specimens in order toinvestigate the mechanical and fatigue behaviour of the material. The constitutivebehaviour has been modelled and veried by FE-simulations of the experiments.Furthermore, the microstructural degradation during long-time ageing has been investigatedwith respect to the material's yield limit. The eect has been includedin the constitutive model by lowering the resulting yield limit. Moreover, the fatiguecrack initiation of a component has been analysed and modelled by using acritical plane approach in combination with a critical distance method. Finally, asan application, the derived single-crystal model was applied to all the individualgrains in a coarse grained specimen to predict the dispersion in fatigue crack initiationlife depending on random grain distributions. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the rst part the theoretical framework,based upon continuum mechanics, crystal plasticity, the critical plane approachand the critical distance method, is derived. This framework is then used in thesecond part, which consists of six included papers. Finally, in the third part, detailsof the used numerical procedures are presented.

Aim of the thesis: The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis of a questionnaire survey before and after the implementation of a boating tourist event with people with spinal cord lesions, including the formulation of recommendations for practice, which result from this survey. How to possibly eliminate discrepancies in expectations or possible barriers in the implementation of one's own action. The obtained results will point to the perception of the whole event and also to the trends in the organization of boating events for people with spinal cord injuries. I assume that my own research will reveal the potential of positive emotions and motivation of each new participant for self-realization at outdoor events. Comparison of the results of my research with research dealing with similar research topics. Methodology: theoretical-empirical work of a qualitative nature using data collection methods: semi-structured questionnaire of own design, STAI questionnaire. Number of participants 7, age 18 and more (according to registration for the course), the participation of people with spinal cord lesions who have already completed this course in previous years and also the participation of those who have not yet participated in the river rafting course and their experience will be compared and...