No description available.

Diversos são os transtornos causados pelas inundações dentre os quais se destacam problemas ambientais, sanitários, de perdas materiais e humanas. Os maiores agentes destas inundações são o crescimento urbano não planejado, que ocasiona a impermeabilização indiscriminada das áreas urbanas gerando maior volume escoado, e a ocupação de várzeas. As bacias de detenção são caracterizadas por sua destinação ao amortecimento dos picos de cheias por meio da contenção de parte do volume escoado superficialmente. No presente trabalho fez-se uma proposta de pré-dimensionamento de bacias de detenção, fundamentada no método racional e associada a relações IDF, que permite o cálculo dos volumes de detenção. A viabilidade e segurança do modelo foram verificadas comparando a proposta desenvolvida com metodologias consagradas entre projetistas, sendo utilizado como referência o procedimento desenvolvido por Porto (2002). De modo a permitir uma melhor avaliação dos métodos estudados foram analisadas interferências relativas às mudanças no tempo de concentração da bacia e na duração dos eventos chuvosos. O processo proposto apresentou resultados satisfatórios quando aplicado à bacia do córrego do Andrezinho na cidade de Pirassununga, São Paulo, assegurando em seus melhores ajustes diferenças máximas da ordem de 5% do volume estimado como ideal. / Several disorders are occurred by the floods of which are highlighted environmental issues, sanitary, of human and material losses. The main agent of these floods is the unplanned urban growth which causes sealing of urban areas generating higher volumes disposed. The detention ponds are characterized by their allocation to the dampening of flood peaks through retention of part of surface runoff. The present work proposes the pre-sizing of detention basins, based on rational method and associated with IDF relations which allows the calculation of the volumes of detention. The feasibility and safety of the model were verified by comparing the proposal with methods traditionally developed between designers, being used as reference the procedure developed by Porto (2002). In order to allow a better evaluation of the methods studied were analyzed interferences related to changes in the watershed concentration time and duration of rainfall events. The proposed method showed good results when applied to the basin of the Andrezinho stream in the city of Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, ensuring in their optimum settings with maximum differences about 5% of the volume estimated as ideal.

Diversos são os transtornos causados pelas inundações dentre os quais se destacam problemas ambientais, sanitários, de perdas materiais e humanas. Os maiores agentes destas inundações são o crescimento urbano não planejado, que ocasiona a impermeabilização indiscriminada das áreas urbanas gerando maior volume escoado, e a ocupação de várzeas. As bacias de detenção são caracterizadas por sua destinação ao amortecimento dos picos de cheias por meio da contenção de parte do volume escoado superficialmente. No presente trabalho fez-se uma proposta de pré-dimensionamento de bacias de detenção, fundamentada no método racional e associada a relações IDF, que permite o cálculo dos volumes de detenção. A viabilidade e segurança do modelo foram verificadas comparando a proposta desenvolvida com metodologias consagradas entre projetistas, sendo utilizado como referência o procedimento desenvolvido por Porto (2002). De modo a permitir uma melhor avaliação dos métodos estudados foram analisadas interferências relativas às mudanças no tempo de concentração da bacia e na duração dos eventos chuvosos. O processo proposto apresentou resultados satisfatórios quando aplicado à bacia do córrego do Andrezinho na cidade de Pirassununga, São Paulo, assegurando em seus melhores ajustes diferenças máximas da ordem de 5% do volume estimado como ideal. / Several disorders are occurred by the floods of which are highlighted environmental issues, sanitary, of human and material losses. The main agent of these floods is the unplanned urban growth which causes sealing of urban areas generating higher volumes disposed. The detention ponds are characterized by their allocation to the dampening of flood peaks through retention of part of surface runoff. The present work proposes the pre-sizing of detention basins, based on rational method and associated with IDF relations which allows the calculation of the volumes of detention. The feasibility and safety of the model were verified by comparing the proposal with methods traditionally developed between designers, being used as reference the procedure developed by Porto (2002). In order to allow a better evaluation of the methods studied were analyzed interferences related to changes in the watershed concentration time and duration of rainfall events. The proposed method showed good results when applied to the basin of the Andrezinho stream in the city of Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, ensuring in their optimum settings with maximum differences about 5% of the volume estimated as ideal.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:23:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1648259 bytes, checksum: 686967c8a87e84eb80c1fda048710266 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-30 / Runoff is the process of moving water on the soil surface and is part of the hydrological cycle. This process has some negative consequences for the environment, since this may be associated with water erosion, which also reduces the most fertile soil layer, also carries with lime, fertilizer and pesticides, which, in addition to environmental damage, promotes yet funding for agricultural activities. For such losses are avoided, it is necessary to understand the behavior of runoff, and the first step in this direction is to estimate it. Estimates of maximum flow and blade disposed are essential so that a better planning of works and actions to avoid or mitigate its consequences. The objective was to develop a software that would enable the estimation of maximum flow and blade surface runoff from the methods and Rational Curve Number respectively. It had been developed activity diagrams represent the functionality of the system, containing the various options available to the user. Then the system was implemented using the programming environment Delphi ® 2006 and was tested with dummy data of a watershed. The development of the system enabled the automation of calculations of maximum flow and blade disposed, which involve many variables and equations, ensuring greater speed in getting the value and reliability of them. / O escoamento superficial consiste no processo de movimento da água sobre a superfície do solo e é parte integrante do ciclo hidrológico. Este processo possui algumas consequências negativas para o meio ambiente, pois a este pode estar associado a erosão hídrica, que além de reduzir a camada mais fértil do solo, também leva consigo corretivos, fertilizantes e defensivos agrícolas, que, além dos prejuízos ambientais, promove ainda financeiros para a atividade agrícola. Para que tais prejuízos sejam evitados, faz-se necessário conhecer o comportamento do escoamento superficial, e o primeiro passo neste sentido consiste em estimá-lo. As estimativas da vazão máxima e da lâmina escoada são essenciais para que ocorra um melhor planejamento de obras e ações a fim de evitar ou amenizar suas consequências. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um sistema computacional que possibilitasse a estimativa da vazão máxima e da lâmina do escoamento superficial a partir dos métodos Racional e Número da Curva respectivamente. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos diagramas de atividades que representassem as funcionalidades do sistema, contendo as diversas opções disponibilizadas para o usuário. Então, o sistema foi implementado utilizando o ambiente de programação Delphi® 2006 e foi testado com dados fictícios de bacias hidrográficas. O desenvolvimento do sistema possibilitou a automatização dos cálculos da vazão máxima e da lâmina escoada, que envolvem muitas equações e variáveis, garantindo maior rapidez na obtenção dos valores e confiabilidade dos mesmos.

När samhällen byggs ut och mer genomsläpplig naturmark ersätts av hårdgjorda ytor ökar också mängden dagvatten. Dagvatten är regn eller smältvatten från snö och is som rinner av ytor så som tak, vägar och andra hårda ytor som skapats av människor. Dagvatten kan orsaka stora problem, exempelvis översvämningar och utsläpp av föroreningar till sjöar och vattendrag. För att förebygga dessa problem har många kommuner tagit fram dagvattenstrategier med krav och riktlinjer för hur dagvattnet ska tas hand om på bästa hållbara sätt. Ett exempel på hållbar dagvattenhantering är så kallad trög avrinning, det vill säga olika lösningar för att fördröja dagvattnet med syftet att undvika stora flöden och rena vattnet från föroreningar.  En av kommunerna som tagit fram en strategi för dagvattenhanteringen är Täby kommun. Denna dagvattenstrategi används som underlag vid planering av exploatering av områden, till exempel vid byggnation av bostadsområden. I det nya bostadsområdet Täby Park i Täby har två kvarter anlagts med lösningar för dagvattenhanteringen efter dagvattenutredningar utförda av Structor Uppsala. Det här projektet ämnade att undersöka om de lösningar som föreslogs för och sedan implementerades i de två kvarteren uppnådde Täby kommuns krav på dagvattenhantering. Kvarteren som undersöktes, vilka benämns kvarter 1:6 Opalen och kvarter 1:7 Klövern, var av liknande storlek och med liknande dagvattenlösningar. För att undersöka dagvattenflödet utfördes flödes- och nederbördsmätningar under en månads tid och en modell ställdes upp i Autodesk Storm and Sanitary Analysis för att simulera vattenflödet. Beräkningar baserade på samma metod som i dagvattenutredningen utfördes även för den slutgiltiga utformningen av respektive kvarter.  Till följd av små regnmängder samt en initial felprogrammering av en flödesmätare behövde datat från flödesmätarna bearbetas för att få fram ett resultat för fördröjningen i samband med regnhändelserna. Dessutom behövde en av flödesmätarnas data bortses från på grund av felaktiga värden, vilket innebar att det uppmätta dagvattenflödet endast speglade ungefär halva utredningsområdet. Fördröjningen mellan regnets inträffande och flödesmätarnas utslag kunde inte fastsällas som ett resultat av dagvattenlösningarnas implementering, till stor del på grund av bristande data. Dagvattenflödena som beräknades utifrån mätdatat, teoretiskt och med modellen skildes åt, men även här övervägande på grund av felkällor och bristande data. Fortsatt undersökning för modellens optimering och fler mätningar skulle kunna ge en bättre korrelation för både fördröjningen i tid (regnhändelse och flödesmätares utslag) och fördröjningen i volym som fördröjningsåtgärderna bidrar med. / When urbanization increases, one consequence of permeable land being replaced by impermeable surfaces is an increase in stormwater. Stormwater, which is water from rain or melted snow and ice that runs off from impermeable surfaces such as roofs and roads, can cause problems for infrastructure. Some of these problems entail flooding and transport of pollutants to lakes and rivers. To counteract these issues, many Swedish municipalities have compiled so called stormwater strategies (''dagvattenstrategier'') containing requirements and guidelines on how to sustainably manage stormwater. One method for sustainable stormwater management is stormwater detention, i.e. slowing down the water, which can be achieved in several ways. Through detention, large flows can be reduced and pollutants can be filtered out of the water. The municipality of Täby is one of the above mentioned municipalities with stormwater strategies. This strategy is used by exploiters when planning, for instance, new residential areas, as a mean to ensure that the stormwater is properly taken care of within the boundaries of the premise. Two apartment blocks in Täby Park, a newly built residential area in Täby, have been built with detention measures for stormwater management suggested by Structor Uppsala in their stormwater investigations for both blocks respectively. The aim of this project was to investigate whether the suggested detention measures were enough to reach the requirements in Täby's stormwater strategy. The studied apartment blocks were of similar size and had approximately the same fraction of stormwater detention measures. During the project time, precipitation and stormwater flow were measured for approximately a month and a model was made in Autodesk Storm and Sanitary Analysis to simulate the flow in the project area. Calculations for the water flow in the project were made with the rational method, which was used for the calculations done in Structor Uppsala's stormwater investigation.  As a result of little precipitation during the period of measurements, and an unfortunate initial error in a flow meter, the data from the flow measurements needed to be modified to get the resulting relationship between rain events and the detention of stormwater within the project area. An additional error came from false values from one of the flow meters, which led to it and it's data to become discarded and thus only giving the stormwater flow for roughly half of the project area. From the results a certain time delay between rain event and stormwater flow was seen. However, this could not be determined to be solely from the detention measures due to insufficient data. The stormwater flows calculated from the measured data, the theoretical calculations, and the model were significantly different. Here, the sources of error and insufficient data were certainly a contributing factor. Continued studies with an optimization of the model and more measurements could give a better correlation between the time delay between rain event and flow and the flow detention from the stormwater measures.