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Esta tese busca expor e tecer ideias pedagógicas oriundas do movimento educacional racionalista libertário europeu, ocorrido entre final do século XIX e início do XX. Este movimento configurou uma rede social que colocou em questão padrões de educação, civilidade, infância, modernidade e possibilitou a concretização de experiências educacionais antagônicas à escola ordinária. Estes acontecimentos somam um rico conjunto de teorias, práticas pedagógicas e pontos de vista sobre o sentido da educação na sociedade. O foco irradiador do trabalho está na região da Catalunha/Espanha. A tese revisita a experiência da Escola Moderna de Barcelona e sua extensão via atuação política de Francisco Ferrer i Guardia e do grupo social e político internacionalista, com o qual se articulou. A base documental da pesquisa consiste em dois periódicos relacionados diretamente ao racionalismo libertário: o Boletim de la Escuela Moderna e a Revue L\'École Rénovée; produzidos no âmbito da Escola Moderna de Barcelona e da Liga Internacional da Educação Racional da Infância. Tais espaços educacionais, sociais e intelectuais foram inéditos ao se fundamentarem no processo de (r)evolução da educação, constituindo bases pedagógicas que questionaram a organização escolar e indicaram caminhos para sua ressignificação. / This thesis seeks to expose and make remarks to a few of the pedagogical ideas dating back of the rationalist European libertarian educational movement that occurred between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This movement has configured a social network that has raised the issue standards of education, civility, childhood, modernity and facilitated the execution of antagonistic educational experiences to ordinary school. These events add up to a rich set of theories, pedagogical practices and views on the meaning of education in society. The irradiator focus of the study is in the Catalonia / Spain region. This thesis revisits the experience of Modern School in Barcelona and its extension via political action of Francisco Ferrer i Guardia and internationalist political and social group, with which he articulated. The documentary evidence base for the research consists of two journals related directly to libertarian rationalism: Bulletin de la Escuela Moderna and Revue L\'École rénovée; produced under the Modern School in Barcelona and the International League of Rational Education of Children. Such educational, social and intellectual spaces were unprecedented when they were to be based on the (r) evolution of the education process, constituting pedagogical bases that placed in question the organization of the school and indicated path to overcome it.

Esta dissertação de mestrado trata da análise de três programas de identidade visual, criados por designers de destaque no campo profissional, formados pela escola racionalista. Os casos escolhidos foram desenvolvidos para grandes empresas brasileiras nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, e redesenhados na década de 1990. O estudo se concentrou na comparação entre estes programas considerando as mudanças culturais, sociais e econômicas que conduziram sua criação e seu redesenho em busca da resposta à questão: os princípios da escola funcionalista e racionalista, tendência que predominou dos anos 1960 até meados dos anos 1970, ainda são praticados no âmbito das identidades visuais? / This masters thesis analyses three visual identity programs, created by distinct professionals, formed by the rationalist school. The chosen cases were developed for large Brazilian companies in the 1960s and 1970s, and redesigned in the 1990s. The study focused on the comparison between these programs considering the cultural, social and economic changes which led to its creation and redesign aiming to answer the question: are the principles of the rationalist and functionalist school, a trend that dominated the 1960s until the mid-1970s, still practiced within the visual identities?

This research project aims to determine Indonesian business leaders perceptions of G7 behaviour towards Indonesia after Independence (1945/1949), at a time when the country is experiencing a severe financial and economic crisis (1997-2001). Is G7 behaviour considered colonial, economic rationalist, or collegial? Additionally, Indonesian business leaders' perceptions of economic and social development in Indonesia are measured, exploring a possible connection with perception of G7 behaviour. Within the context of this project, the researcher assumes that attitudes in Indonesia are significantly shaped by the impact of' an increasingly competitive and sophisticated global free-trade environment today versus one of exploitation and domination under past European colonial rule. The research questions on which the project is based emerged after detailed consideration of a large and varied number of publications concerning related historical and contemporary socio-economic, political issues and examination of recent inter-country comparative performance indicators (1996 to 2000). The background for the research project is framed within the context of Modern World-Systems theory which rose to prominence in the early 1970s, earlier theories about Intentional Underdevelopment, Dependency and Geography, and the more recent hypothesis on Enlightenment and Institutions theory, all attempting to explain why some countries are so poor and others are not. An exploratory study (Study 1) precedes the positivist research paradigm of the principal study (Study 2 - Stages 1 & 2), which is comprised of a pilot and a final stage. / The theoretical model put forward and corresponding final stage VIII cross-sectional survey data of the second study are subjected to structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, to test hypotheses and theory about the associations between theoretical constructs of the model. SEM is a relatively new multivariate technique, which combines aspects of multiple regression and factor analysis. The results of the research show that the impact of colonial rule; the associated exploitation and consequent poverty are still remembered by Indonesian business leaders and as such may have the potential to negatively impact on bi-lateral and multi-lateral negotiations for much needed structural reform in Indonesia, particularly if key influential participants (such as the G7 and the international institutions they control) ignore historical legacies and associated cross-cultural sensitivities. Final stage results provided strong support for two out of the five key hypotheses offered. The findings clearly suggesting that intensifying G7 behaviour as defined in this thesis would invariably further heighten existing perceptions of colonial behaviour. Less encouraging test results were obtained for the remaining hypotheses and overall only qualified support could be given to the proposed theory. / The extent of which can be summarized as: "G7 behaviour is perceived as colonial, by Indonesian business leaders, and is significantly influenced by their perception of social development in Indonesia ". The research project was conceived in the absence of scholarly investigations into the historical impact of colonialism in Indonesia on present day attitudes and cultural values with respect to ready acceptance of predominantly Western concepts of globalisation, free trade, open markets and the need for crucial reform. Reforms, which often are imposed on developing nations during times of crisis by way of IMF - Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP), harshly impacting on local populations.

The dissertation explores the question of the possibility of a moral theory compatible with common sense morality. Common sense morality is limited to its two fundamental features, or suppositions: moral judgements are truth apt and practical, i.e. they are at the same time in some sense objectively right or wrong and necessarily action guiding. In contemporary philosophy, the two fundamental features of common sense morality seem to be incompatible: only descriptions can have truth values, but descriptions are not prescriptions, or, to put it otherwise, from the way the things are, it does not follow straightforwardly how the things should be. However, analyses of the methodological, ontological, epistemological and semantic possibilities of moral theories enable a positive answer: a moral theory which embodies the two fundamental features of common-sense morality is possible, only if it makes coherence its constitutive value and uses the approach of rationalist internalism. In this research, the main controversies and distinctions of contemporary meta ethics (moral realism/anti realism, motivational internalism/externalism) are discussed and an account of rationalist internalism is explicated and enforced. / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama su sveiko proto morale suderinamos moralės teorijos galimybė. Sveiko proto moralė apribojama dviem pamatinėm prielaidom, arba savybėm: moraliniai sprendiniai turi teisingumo reikšmes ir yra praktinio pobūdžio, t.y. jie yra kažkuria prasme objektyviai teisingi arba klaidingi ir būtinai kreipia mūsų veiksmus. Šiandienėje filosofijoje šios dvi pamatinės sveiko proto moralės savybės atrodo esančios nesuderinamos: juk teisingumo reikšmes gali turėti tik deskripcijos, o deskripcijos nėra preskripcijos, arba iš to, kaip yra, tiesiogiai neseka tai, kaip turėtų būti. Vis dėlto nagrinėjant metodologines, ontologines, epistemologines bei semantines moralės teorijų galimybes, disertacijoje į pagrindinį klausimą atsakoma teigiamai: abi pamatines sveiko proto moralės savybes įkūnijanti moralės teorija yra galima, tik jei ji padaro koherentiškumą savo konstituojančia vertybe ir naudoja racionalistinio internalizmo prieigą. Darbe aptariamos pagrindinės šiandienės metaetikos kontroversijos bei skirtys (moralinis realizmas/antirealizmas, motyvacinis internalizmas/eksternalizmas), išskleidžiama bei papildoma racionalistinio internalizmo teorija.

Disertacijoje nagrinėjama su sveiko proto morale suderinamos moralės teorijos galimybė. Sveiko proto moralė apribojama dviem pamatinėm prielaidom, arba savybėm: moraliniai sprendiniai turi teisingumo reikšmes ir yra praktinio pobūdžio, t.y. jie yra kažkuria prasme objektyviai teisingi arba klaidingi ir būtinai kreipia mūsų veiksmus. Šiandienėje filosofijoje šios dvi pamatinės sveiko proto moralės savybės atrodo esančios nesuderinamos: juk teisingumo reikšmes gali turėti tik deskripcijos, o deskripcijos nėra preskripcijos, arba iš to, kaip yra, tiesiogiai neseka tai, kaip turėtų būti. Vis dėlto nagrinėjant metodologines, ontologines, epistemologines bei semantines moralės teorijų galimybes, disertacijoje į pagrindinį klausimą atsakoma teigiamai: abi pamatines sveiko proto moralės savybes įkūnijanti moralės teorija yra galima, tik jei ji padaro koherentiškumą savo konstituojančia vertybe ir naudoja racionalistinio internalizmo prieigą. Darbe aptariamos pagrindinės šiandienės metaetikos kontroversijos bei skirtys (moralinis realizmas/antirealizmas, motyvacinis internalizmas/eksternalizmas), išskleidžiama bei papildoma racionalistinio internalizmo teorija. / The dissertation explores the question of the possibility of a moral theory compatible with common sense morality. Common sense morality is limited to its two fundamental features, or suppositions: moral judgements are truth apt and practical, i.e. they are at the same time in some sense objectively right or wrong and necessarily action guiding. In contemporary philosophy, the two fundamental features of common sense morality seem to be incompatible: only descriptions can have truth values, but descriptions are not prescriptions, or, to put it otherwise, from the way the things are, it does not follow straightforwardly how the things should be. However, analyses of the methodological, ontological, epistemological and semantic possibilities of moral theories enable a positive answer: a moral theory which embodies the two fundamental features of common-sense morality is possible, only if it makes coherence its constitutive value and uses the approach of rationalist internalism. In this research, the main controversies and distinctions of contemporary meta ethics (moral realism/anti realism, motivational internalism/externalism) are discussed and an account of rationalist internalism is explicated and enforced.

Environmentally - appropriate architectural works are considered by certain critics as relatively oriented without any theoretical basis other than a technicist perspective. Furthermore, this technicist approach, which puts emphasis on the application of scientific rationality, is supposed as being challenged through an arcadian agenda, which claims the return to pre-industrial values through the revival of the vernacular. In the thesis, it is argued that contrary to the assumptions that the green architecture is highly relativistic depending on the ideological standpoints, it is founded upon a holistic philosophy established on the studies pursued by post-war ecological scientists who followed systems approach. It is claimed that the aforementioned duality between the technicist and the arcadian approaches finds its expression in the contemporary green architecture depending on the philosophical framework provided by the systems approach. Systems sciences deal with the ways in which elements of a certain whole come together to make up an organization. Its main principle is that a particular element can only be studied with regard to the totality of which it belongs. Ecologists who endow a systems perspective study on the assembly rules through which living and nonliving members of biological systems are organized into groups. In this thesis, it is put forward that the philosophical outlook and methodology that came along with the systems thinking offers a basis for green architecture. It is provided a historical-analytical survey of the emergence of the systems approach in the architectural discipline since the 60s. It is argued that the 60s appropriation of the systems approach in architecture is still influential in the contemporary green architecture / that today&amp / #8217 / s architects utilize the theories and methods put forward throughout this process of appropriation in their works, alongside the scientific terminology developed by the systems ecologists.

Esta dissertação de mestrado trata da análise de três programas de identidade visual, criados por designers de destaque no campo profissional, formados pela escola racionalista. Os casos escolhidos foram desenvolvidos para grandes empresas brasileiras nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, e redesenhados na década de 1990. O estudo se concentrou na comparação entre estes programas considerando as mudanças culturais, sociais e econômicas que conduziram sua criação e seu redesenho em busca da resposta à questão: os princípios da escola funcionalista e racionalista, tendência que predominou dos anos 1960 até meados dos anos 1970, ainda são praticados no âmbito das identidades visuais? / This masters thesis analyses three visual identity programs, created by distinct professionals, formed by the rationalist school. The chosen cases were developed for large Brazilian companies in the 1960s and 1970s, and redesigned in the 1990s. The study focused on the comparison between these programs considering the cultural, social and economic changes which led to its creation and redesign aiming to answer the question: are the principles of the rationalist and functionalist school, a trend that dominated the 1960s until the mid-1970s, still practiced within the visual identities?

Esta tese busca expor e tecer ideias pedagógicas oriundas do movimento educacional racionalista libertário europeu, ocorrido entre final do século XIX e início do XX. Este movimento configurou uma rede social que colocou em questão padrões de educação, civilidade, infância, modernidade e possibilitou a concretização de experiências educacionais antagônicas à escola ordinária. Estes acontecimentos somam um rico conjunto de teorias, práticas pedagógicas e pontos de vista sobre o sentido da educação na sociedade. O foco irradiador do trabalho está na região da Catalunha/Espanha. A tese revisita a experiência da Escola Moderna de Barcelona e sua extensão via atuação política de Francisco Ferrer i Guardia e do grupo social e político internacionalista, com o qual se articulou. A base documental da pesquisa consiste em dois periódicos relacionados diretamente ao racionalismo libertário: o Boletim de la Escuela Moderna e a Revue L\'École Rénovée; produzidos no âmbito da Escola Moderna de Barcelona e da Liga Internacional da Educação Racional da Infância. Tais espaços educacionais, sociais e intelectuais foram inéditos ao se fundamentarem no processo de (r)evolução da educação, constituindo bases pedagógicas que questionaram a organização escolar e indicaram caminhos para sua ressignificação. / This thesis seeks to expose and make remarks to a few of the pedagogical ideas dating back of the rationalist European libertarian educational movement that occurred between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This movement has configured a social network that has raised the issue standards of education, civility, childhood, modernity and facilitated the execution of antagonistic educational experiences to ordinary school. These events add up to a rich set of theories, pedagogical practices and views on the meaning of education in society. The irradiator focus of the study is in the Catalonia / Spain region. This thesis revisits the experience of Modern School in Barcelona and its extension via political action of Francisco Ferrer i Guardia and internationalist political and social group, with which he articulated. The documentary evidence base for the research consists of two journals related directly to libertarian rationalism: Bulletin de la Escuela Moderna and Revue L\'École rénovée; produced under the Modern School in Barcelona and the International League of Rational Education of Children. Such educational, social and intellectual spaces were unprecedented when they were to be based on the (r) evolution of the education process, constituting pedagogical bases that placed in question the organization of the school and indicated path to overcome it.

La pensée athée fait partie intégrante de la société française depuis maintenant plusieurs siècles. Si de nombreux ouvrages se sont essayés à en livrer une approche idéologique ou philosophique, peu d’études se sont pourtant réellement attachées, jusqu’à maintenant, à en analyser les composantes, les subtilités, les ressorts ou les acteurs dans une démarche purement sociologique. C’est là l’objectif qui a guidé cette thèse doctorale pour enfin tenter d’apprécier plus en détails la réalité du fait athée en France. Pour appréhender au mieux cette réalité et afin d’étudier une population méconnue car souvent discrète, le travail de recherche entrepris ici s’est volontairement concentré sur l’une des rares associations à être exclusivement composées d’athées déclarés. Bien que très petite en taille et totalement inconnue du grand public, l’« Union des Athées » est en effet la plus ancienne association de ce type au niveau national et constitue par là un terrain d’étude idéal pour qui souhaite s’approcher au plus près de la "parole" athée. Par l’étude fouillée de son histoire et l’analyse de sa conception idéologique, puis au moyen d’une enquête inédite réalisée auprès de ses membres, cette thèse propose des clés pour une compréhension plus actuelle de la pensée athée et permet d’aborder l’athéisme et la laïcité sous un angle nouveau, contribuant ainsi à poser les bases d’une autre réflexion sur les problématiques de l’actualité. En remettant en perspective les notions mêmes d’"athéisme" et de "Dieu", elle introduit par ailleurs un nouveau postulat : considérer l’athéisme ne peut s’envisager sans prendre en compte le contexte civilisationnel dans lequel il se vit. / The atheist’ thought has been an integral part of French society now since several centuries. Even though many writing works have tried to make an ideological and philosophical approach, very few studies have been set out to analyze its constituents, subtleties, or actors, dealing with purely sociological methodology. It is what this doctoral thesis led as its objective for the purpose of attempting to assess the reality of the atheist fact in France. In order to comprehend better this reality and to study this unrecognized population because of its unassuming nature, the research carried out here has been voluntarily concentrated on one of the rare associations composed exclusively by self-declared atheists. Although very small and totally unknown by the general public, the “Atheists Union” is indeed the oldest association of this kind on the national wide level, and thus forms an ideal field of study for who wishes to close to the nearest way of the atheists’ talks. By studying his detailed history and analyzing his ideological conception, and then, by way of an original survey carried out among his members, this thesis propose the key of comprehension of most actual atheists’ thoughts, and allow to approach the atheism and secularism from a new angle, contributing in thus way to put down the bases of an another reflection on the current issues. Putting in perspective the knowledge itself of “atheism” and “God”, it introduces a new postulate: considering the atheism will not be able to foresee without taking into account the civilizational context in which it lives.