The graduation theses is focused on presentation of the most frequently applied options of financing, bank's decision instruments for providing bank credit facility and completing of financial and non-financial analyses of the company HORNBACH BAUMARK CS spol. s r.o. for the bank's decision about providing the bank loan for the enterprise.

Tesis por compendio / [EN] Climate change, a resultant effect of greenhouse gas emissions, is a worldwide concern because its continuation is having significant impacts on people, natural resources and economic conditions around the world. The root cause of this recent past and projected climate change is now recognised to be the warming potential of a number of greenhouse gases that, by absorbing terrestrial infrared radiation, raise the temperature of the troposphere and with it, global surface temperatures. The major greenhouse gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. While carbon dioxide receives the most attention as a factor which causes global warming, methane also cause significant radiative forcing. Methane is only second to carbon dioxide in its contribution to global warming and its emissions are caused by both natural and anthropogenic actions. Human activities such as intensive livestock farming are the primary cause of the increased methane concentrations in the atmosphere, being ruminants the animals which create large amounts of methane via fermentation of feeds in the rumen. During this physiological digestive process, hydrogen is released by some microbes during fermentation of forage and is used by methanogenic Archaea (methanogens) to convert carbon dioxide to methane, which is released through eructation, normal respiration and small quantities as flatus. Rumen fermentation of cattle contributes the most towards the greenhouse effect through methane emission followed by sheep, goats and buffalos, respectively. Several techniques have been developed to quantify methane emissions from ruminants - indirect calorimetry, sulphur hexafluoride tracer technique and in vitro gas production technique - and some strategies for reduction of methane emissions from the rumen have been described - defaunation treatment, vaccine and dietary composition -. The initial topics of this research were: design the experiments with goats because there are not many reports about methane emissions in these animals; investigate the influence of dietary composition (carbohydrates) as a strategy for reduction methane emissions from the rumen; and use the indirect calorimetry as method to quantify methane production. Consequently, three experiments were performed. Murciano-Granadina goats during mid or late lactation were used. Diets were mixed rations that differed in the inclusion of cereal or fibrous by-products. The effect of diet was studied on milk yield, digestibility, rumen parameters, energy partitioning, carbon and nitrogen balance, substrate oxidation and methane productions. In the first experiment, gas exchange was measured using a face mask which was fixed to the head of the goat by a rubber band; a sample of exhaled gas was stored in a gas collection bag which was connected to an analyzer, and it measured the concentration of O2, CO2 and CH4 from the air. This first experiment replaces corn grain with beet pulp and the amount of methane recovered was 19.6 and 29.7 g/day, respectively. In the other two experiments, gas exchange was measured by a head box designed for small ruminants where the goat introduced the whole head and a specific software automatically recorded concentrations of O2, CO2 and CH4 from the exhaled air continuously throughout the day. The second experiment involved two diets with high and low level of starch and no differences were found on methane emission (28.5 g/day). The experiment number three replaces ingredient by ingredient like in the experiment number one. Here, barley grain was replaced with orange pulp or soybean hulls and no differences were found, with an average methane production value of 41 g/day. The metabolizable energy intake during the three experiments was 1279 kJ/kg of BW0.75 and day on average, and the efficiency use of metabolizable energy intake for milk production was 0.6. / [ES] El cambio climático es una preocupación de ámbito mundial debido a que su perpetuación en el tiempo está teniendo un impacto significativo sobre las personas, los recursos naturales y las condiciones económicas de todo el mundo. La causa fundamental de este fenómeno es el potencial de calentamiento de una serie de gases de efecto invernadero que, mediante la absorción de la radiación infrarroja terrestre, elevan la temperatura de la troposfera y, con ella, las temperaturas superficiales de la Tierra. Los principales gases de efecto invernadero son el vapor de agua, el dióxido de carbono, el metano, el óxido nitroso y los gases fluorados. El metano, después del dióxido de carbono, es el gas que más repercusión tiene sobre el calentamiento global y sus emisiones son causadas tanto por acciones naturales como humanas. Actividades antropogénicas tales como la ganadería intensiva son la principal causa de aumento de las concentraciones de metano en la atmósfera, siendo los rumiantes los animales que mayores cantidades de metano generan a través de la fermentación de alimentos que se produce en el rumen. Las emisiones de metano del ganado vacuno son las que principalmente contribuyen al efecto invernadero seguido de las ovejas, las cabras y los búfalos, respectivamente. Se han descrito diferentes técnicas para medir las emisiones de metano de los rumiantes - la calorimetría indirecta, la técnica del marcador con hexafluoruro de azufre y la técnica de producción de gas in vitro - y, además, se han mencionado algunas estrategias para reducir las emisiones de metano - la defaunación, las vacunas y la composición de la dieta -. Los puntos clave de esta Tesis fueron: diseñar los experimentos con cabras, debido a que no hay muchas investigaciones sobre emisiones de metano en estos animales; estudiar la influencia de la composición de la dieta (hidratos de carbono) como una posible estrategia para la reducción de las emisiones de metano del rumen; y utilizar la calorimetría indirecta como método para cuantificar la producción de metano. Se realizaron tres experimentos. Se utilizaron cabras de la raza Murciano-Granadina en mitad o final de la lactación. Las dietas eran raciones mixtas que diferían en la inclusión de cereal o subproductos fibrosos. El efecto de la dieta se estudió en la producción de leche, la digestibilidad, los parámetros del rumen, la partición de energía, el balance de carbono y nitrógeno, la oxidación de nutrientes y las producciones de metano. En el primer experimento, el intercambio de gases se midió utilizando una mascarilla que se fijó a la cabeza de la cabra con una goma; se almacenó una muestra de gas exhalado en una bolsa de recogida de gas que estaba conectada a un analizador, y se midió la concentración de O2, CO2 y CH4 del aire. En este primer experimento se reemplazó el grano de maíz con pulpa de remolacha y la cantidad de metano recuperado fue del 19,6 y 29,7 g/día, respectivamente. En los otros dos experimentos, el intercambio de gases se midió mediante una urna o cajón diseñado para pequeños rumiantes, donde la cabra introducía toda la cabeza y un programa informático grababa automáticamente las concentraciones de O2, CO2 y CH4 del aire exhalado de forma continua a lo largo del día. El segundo experimento consistió en dos dietas con alto y bajo nivel de almidón y no se encontraron diferencias en la emisión de metano (28,5 g/día). En el tercer experimento se sustituyó ingrediente por ingrediente como en el experimento número uno. El grano de cebada se sustituyó por pulpa de naranja o cascarilla de soja y tampoco se encontraron diferencias, con un valor promedio de la producción de metano de 41 g/día. La energía metabolizable ingerida durante los tres experimentos fue de 1279 kJ/kg de peso metabólico (PV0.75) y día de promedio, y la eficiencia de utilización de la energía metabolizable ingerida para la producción de leche fue de / [CA] El canvi climàtic és una preocupació d'àmbit mundial ja que la seua perpetuació en el temps està tenint un impacte significatiu sobre les persones, els recursos naturals i les condicions econòmiques de tot el món. La causa fonamental d'aquest fenòmen és el potencial d'escalfament d'una sèrie de gasos d'efecte hivernacle que, mitjançant l'absorció de la radiació infraroja terrestre, eleven la temperatura de la troposfera i, amb ella, les temperatures superficials de la Terra. Els principals gasos d'efecte hivernacle són el vapor d'aigua, el diòxid de carboni, el metà, l'òxid nitrós i els gasos fluorats. El metà, després del diòxid de carboni, és el gas que més repercussió té sobre l'escalfament global i les seues emissions són causades tant per accions naturals com humanes. Activitats antropogèniques com ara la ramaderia intensiva són la principal causa d'augment de les concentracions de metà a l'atmosfera, sent els remugants els animals que més quantitats de metà generen a través de la fermentació d'aliments que es produeix al rumen. Les emissions de metà dels bovins són les que principalment contribueixen a l'efecte hivernacle seguit de les ovelles, les cabres i els búfals, respectivament. S'han descrit diferents tècniques per mesurar les emissions de metà dels remugants - la calorimetria indirecta, la tècnica del marcador amb hexafluorur de sofre i la tècnica de producció de gas in vitro - i, a més, s'han esmentat algunes estratègies per reduir les emissions de metà - la defaunació, les vacunes i la composició de la dieta -. Els punts clau d'aquesta Tesi van ser: dissenyar els experiments amb cabres, pel fet que no hi ha moltes investigacions sobre emissions de metà en aquests animals; estudiar la influència de la composició de la dieta (hidrats de carboni) com una possible estratègia per a la reducció de les emissions de metà del rumen; i utilitzar la calorimetria indirecta com a mètode per quantificar la producció de metà. Es van realitzar tres experiments. S'utilitzaren cabres de la raça Murciano-Granadina a la meitat o final de la lactació. Les dietes eren racions mixtes que diferien en la inclusió de cereal o subproductes fibrosos. L'efecte de la dieta es va estudiar en la producció de llet, la digestibilitat, els paràmetres del rumen, la partició d'energia, el balanç de carboni i nitrogen, l'oxidació de nutrients i les produccions de metà. En el primer experiment, l'intercanvi de gasos es va mesurar utilitzant una màscara que es va fixar al cap de la cabra amb una goma; es va emmagatzemar una mostra de gas exhalat en una bossa de recollida de gas que estava connectada a un analitzador, i es va mesurar la concentració d'O2, CO2 i CH4 de l'aire. En aquest primer experiment es va reemplaçar el gra de blat de moro amb polpa de remolatxa i la quantitat de metà recuperat va ser del 19,6 i 29,7 g/dia, respectivament. En els altres dos experiments, l'intercanvi de gasos es va mesurar mitjançant una urna o calaix dissenyat per a petits remugants, on la cabra introduïa tot el cap i un programa informàtic gravava automàticament les concentracions d'O2, CO2 i CH4 de l'aire exhalat de forma contínua al llarg del dia. El segon experiment va consistir en dues dietes amb alt i baix nivell de midó i no es van trobar diferències en l'emissió de metà (28,5 g/dia). En el tercer experiment es va substituir ingredient per ingredient com en l'experiment número u. El gra d'ordi es va substituir per polpa de taronja o pellofa de soja i tampoc es van trobar diferències, amb un valor mitjà de la producció de metà de 41 g/dia. L'energia metabolitzable ingerida durant els tres experiments va ser de 1279 kJ/kg de pes metabòlic (PV0.75) i dia de mitjana, i l'eficiència d'utilització de l'energia metabolitzable ingerida per a la producció de llet va ser de 0,6. / Ibáñez Sanchis, C. (2015). INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION ON METHANE GAS PRODUCTION IN MURCIANO-GRANADINA GOATS [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/59389 / Compendio

The objective of this dissertation is to do the analysis of the specific enterprise with the help of the theoretical knowledge and to formulate the recommendations based on the acquired knowledge from the external and internal company’s environment to encourage further development of this enterprise. The integral part of this dissertation is the application of sub instruments of the strategic analysis, concretely the SWOT analysis, SLEPTE analysis, and financial analysis. After findnig main problems, solutions will be recommended.

Cyanobacteria are ancient prokaryotic organisms capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis. An increase in the temporal and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria blooms worldwide has drawn considerable research attention in recent decades because of the health risks cyanobacteria pose to humans and wildlife through the production of cyanotoxins, interference with recreation, and ecosystem changes. A variety of hypotheses have sought to explain the increasing frequency and severity of cyanobacteria blooms around the world, with the relationship between cyanobacteria abundance and eutrophication receiving considerable attention. While the impacts of phosphorus concentration on cyanobacteria success are relatively well-studied, less is known about how nutrient stoichiometry and nitrogen uptake kinetics of different species contribute to cyanobacteria dominance. The underlying mechanism for the impacts of nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio and nitrogen form on cyanobacteria involves internal cycling of nitrogen within lakes and aspects of cyanobacteria cell physiology. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impacts of N:P ratios and nitrogen form on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena flos-aquae in both axenic cultures and natural phytoplankton assemblages from Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain. A second objective was to determine whether treatment condition affected the production of the cyanotoxin microcystin. A final objective was to document the presence of benthic ammonium in Missisquoi Bay and the vertical migration of cyanobacteria throughout the water column in the bay, to provide evidence in support of the underlying mechanisms that might provide advantages to cyanobacteria in the bay. In laboratory culture experiments with M. aeruginosa and A. flos-aquae alone and in a mixed community, N:P ratios were varied between 5, 15, 30 and 45:1, and nitrogen was supplied as both nitrate and ammonium at each ratio. Triplicate samples were preserved after one, three and six days for cell enumeration using the standard Ütermohl method. Differences in density between initial and later times were used as an estimate of growth. Microcystin concentration was measured with the ELISA method. Weekly field sampling was conducted in the summer of 2006 in Missisquoi Bay to measure benthic nitrogen concentrations. Nocturnal sampling at varied depths in the bay was used to explore the vertical migration of cyanobacteria throughout the water column. There were weak associations between ammonium-nitrogen and M. aeruginosa growth and nitrate-nitrogen and A. flos-aquae growth, while the effects of N:P ratio on growth was highly variable across time and treatment condition. Ammonium-nitrogen was documented in the benthic water of Missisquoi Bay throughout the growing season, and M. aeruginosa dominated the vertical migration of cyanobacteria throughout the water column. The lack of clear trends visible within the data from laboratory experiments can be in part attributed to high variability of cell density within treatment conditions and the limitations of the methodology used for cell enumeration. Taken together these data suggest that the distribution of nitrogen within an aquatic system and the ability of M. aeruginosa to vertically migrate may contribute to the M. aeruginosa dominance of the summer phytoplankton community.

Didėjanti transporto ir logistikos sektoriaus svarba visame pasaulyje įtakojo ir spartų Lietuvos transporto rinkos augimą, o kartu ir stiprios konkurencijos atsiradimą joje. Tai sudaro pagrindą efektyvių priemonių bei būdų efektyvumo išlaikymui ir didinimui atsiradimą. Todėl šio darbo tikslas ir yra atlikti Lietuvos transporto sektoriaus lyderės Litekspedicijos veiklos efektyvumo analizę, remiantis jos naudojamu kainodaros metodu. Pirmoje dalyje atliekama veiklos efektyvumo sampratos bei kainodaros metodų, naudojamų mokslinėje literatūroje, išskiriant pagrindines jų grupes, analizė. Toliau išskiriami pagrindiniai finansiniai rodikliai, aptinkami kitų autorių darbuose, įvertinant jų tinkamumą veiklos efektyvumo matavimui. Antrojoje dalyje apžvelgiami trijų Lietuvos didžiausių transporto ir logistikos sektoriaus įmonių finansiniai rodikliai bei naudojami kainodaros metodai, taip pat atliekama įmonės „Litekspedicija“ veiklos analizė, pagal kurią yra vertinamas minėtosios įmonės veiklos efektyvumas pagal jos naudojamus kainodaros metodus. Paskutinėje dalyje, trečiojoje, atsižvelgiant į literatūros šaltiniuose aprašytas teorijas bei analizės metu pastebėtas tendencijas ir požymius, projektuojamas esamas Litekspedicijos veiklos efektyvumas bei galimos jo didinimo tendencjos per kainodaros metodologiją. / The work is organized as follows: in the first part is presented the importance of the Corporate Efficiency Evaluation and the main methods of pricing as well as financial ratios, most suitable for estimation of efficiency, are picked out. The following part reviews the biggest transport and logistics companies in Lithuania and evaluating their financial ratios, estimates the rightness of current pricing method. The same methods of analysis are used and reviewing the financial ratios and pricing methods of the company Litkespedicija. The last part focuses on the possible future efficiency trends respecting to the possible mix of pricing methods.

Calf is the most important animal on the farm. Calf rearing should be given due attention as many problems and ailments in the herd as a whole have their origins in calves. The right choice of technology o f rearing can be crucial to the economy of the entire breed. Quality of calf housing is reflected in the overall level of rearing cattle in this category. It has a significant impact on the overall w ellbeing of animals, zoohygienic conditions and health situation.The aim of this thesis was to compare methods of rearing calves in individual outdoor sheds, where the calves were fed twice daily, with group housing in a spacious calving barn with multip le feeding through a feeding machine. We looked at weight gain, hea lth and welfare of the animals.The thesis was dealt with at a private farm of Václav Duba in Boubín near the town of Horažďovice. The experiment was conducted simultaneously in both systems of calf housing in the time period between May 1 2013 and October 14 2013. Both the observed groups of calves were fed the same amount of milk replacer, only with different frequency of intake. Both groups had the same number of 30 calves (15 heifers and 15 bulls) of Czech pied cattle. After completion of the milk feeding period the average weight of the calves in individual sheds was 107.2 kg and 110.8 kg in the calving barn. The calves which were fed by a feeding machine had an average daily weight gain of 0.787 kg; the calves in individual sheds had lower weight gain of 0.743 kg. The average consumption of milk replacer for calves in the individual sheds was 521.7 litres and for calves in the calving barn it was 516.8 litres. This indicator has been pro ven to have high statistical significance (P 0.001). The a verage daily temperature in the individual sheds was 19.7 °C; in t he calving barn it was 17.9 °C. A diarrheal disease was reported in four animals in the individual sheds, and in six animals in the calving barn. In calves reared in the individual shed mutual sucking of muzzle was found immediately after drinking. In calves fed using a feeding machine there was no sign of unsatisfied sucking reflex.

Orientador: Vivaldo Silveira Jr / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T02:14:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_AlexandreConsul_M.pdf: 28710433 bytes, checksum: dd88ab66a072eb5070a05416b953f5c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: O trabalho a seguir apresenta as principais ferramentas necessárias para o controle do processo de extrusão baseado na densidade e umidade do produto extrusado úmido. Para facilitar a compreensão da aplicação do controle avançado, revisa-se alguns conceitos básicos da teoria clássica de controle. Devido à complexidade deste processo, orientado pela transformação bio-polimérica da matéria-prima farino-lipídico-protéica a certa umidade ao longo da extrusora, são retomados alguns conceitos de estatística, a fim de compor um modelo experimental para as principais variáveis independentes e de processo na extrusão. Estudou-se a relação estatística significativa entre as variáveis independentes: vazão de farinha, vazão de vapor, vazão de água e rotação de helicóide do extrusor e as variáveis de processo: densidade e umidade do produto extrusado úmido, temperatura de saída e pressão de saída da extrusora. Para o completo entendimentos destas relações, são correlacionados as variações dos teores de umidade, lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos da farinha a ser extrusada. Ainda como importante parâmetro industrial é realizado o balanço de energia para o processo em questão através da energia mecânica específica ('SME') e energia térmica específica ('STE'). Devido à aplicação industrial deste trabalho, o controle da densidade e umidade do produto extrusado úmido é na verdade baseado no controle da relação empírica entre a temperatura e pressão na saída da extrusora. Dessa forma, o custo de instalação e precisão, enfatizando a necessidade de repetibilidade na medida de temperatura e pressão de saída, se tomam muito mais viáveis quando os mesmos são comparados com a medida de densidade e umidade para o produto extrusado na saída da extrusora. Equipamentos para a medida precisa de densidade para produtos sólidos-úmidos aplicam princípio nuclear e para a medida de umidade são empregados instrumentos com sofisticados espectros de infravermelho associados a sistemas óticos internos. A fim de estudar-se a viabilidade deste modelo, foi realizado um planejamento composto central (4 variáveis independentes), com pontos axiais e a inclusão de alguns pontos aleatórios de interesse prático, a fim de obter-se um modelo mais robusto. Para tanto foram avaliadas três receitas típicas na indústria de rações de animais, a fim de representar-se a maioria dos produtos comerciais recomendados para cachorros e gatos. Através do conhecimento profundo das variáveis de processo, utilizou-se alguns experimentos para o entendimento do processo quanto à natureza da resposta, como a linearidade e a variação da resposta com o tempo. Estes experimentos informaram sobre o comportamento das curvas de reação para as variáveis independentes isoladamente. Atendendo a necessidade para a aplicação de estratégias de controle não lineares e/ou neurais o processo demonstrou-se com resposta em um único sentido com a perturbação, não linear e variante com o tempo. Este estudo foi comprovado pela aplicação da teoria de controle para processos lineares com perturbações lineares isoladas. Finalmente, é utilizado o conhecimento adquirido no estudo do processo de extrusão e da avaliação da curva resposta experimental das perturbações isoladas para o projeto de um algorítimo de controle baseado na estratégia de controle MIMO 2 x 2. Este controle foi testado através do controlador neuro-adaptativo 'Model Free Adaptive' (MFA), demonstrando resultados preliminares satisfatórios para o controle simultâneo da temperatura e pressão de saída de um extrusor de eixo simples, empregando como variáveis manipulativas a proporção de vapor / água e a vazão de farinha de alimentação respectivamente para as variáveis de processo citadas / Abstract: The present study informs about the main features of extrusion control processes, based on product-wet density and moisture. To comprehend the study, some background of the classic control theory is provided. The process complexity, provided by formation of a bio-polymer from carbohydrate-lipid-protein raw materials, requires analysis using statistical concepts to build an experimental model for the principal extrusion process variables. Significant statistical relationships were evaluated between the following independent variables: meal feed rate, steam feed rate, water feed rate and extruder screw speed; and dependent variables: wet product density and moisture, extruder die temperature and die pressure. The process energy and mass balance were described using the Specific Mechanical Energy ('SME') and Specific Thermal Energy ('STE') concepts. To facilitate the industrial application of this study, the wet density and moisture control is evaluated by an experimental empirical relationship between die temperature and die pressure. Die temperature and die pressure measurements are more feasible when compared with wet product density and moisture measurements due to ease of installation and measurement precision. Suitable equipment for the wet-solid product density measurements apply the nuclear principle, where safety is a concern; and moisture measurements use sophisticated devices with any combination of infrared and optical systems. In order to evaluate the model application, a box experimental design was used with four independent variables, star points and some random points resulting from extrusion operation experience. Three typical dry recipes used in the pet food industry were tested, representing the majority of retail products for dogs and cats. Applying the knowledge of extrusion process variables, several experiments were run to understand the process responses, such as linearity and control parameters. These experiments showed the influence of isolated independent variables to the dependent variables. The process was characterized by presenting a one way, non-linearity and time varying response, suitable for non-linear and neural controllers. Classic control theory was applied to evaluate each perturbation. The knowledge gained from an extrusion process and experimental response curve analysis from isolated perturbation was applied to build a control algorithm based on MIMO 2 X 2 control strategy. This model was tested by the neural-adaptive ' Model Free Adaptive' (MFA) controller. Initial satisfactory results were observed from the simultaneous control of die temperature and die pressure on a single screw extruder, using as manipulative variables the ratio of steam / water and the meal feed rate respectively / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos

The financial analysis - the classical and special ratios for insurance industry and financial analysis of Slavia Insurance Company, Inc.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the financial analysis of Poděbradka, a.s. company during the period of 2007-2012 and a comparison of its results with selected competitive companies. The work is divided into three principal parts. The first part is committed to theoretical foundations of financial analysis. The next part gives some insight into the industry of drinks production and introduces the companies included in the comparison. The third part, the financial analysis itself, is carried out with the help of common indicators of profitability, liquidity, activity and indebtedness.

<p dir="ltr">Consistent intake and feeding behavior records collected on a per-cow basis are useful measures for optimization of feed efficiency, production, and ultimately, resource and economic sustainability of dairy operations. However, current methods for collection are often labor-intensive and impractical to maintain for both individual- and group-housed cows. Across the dairy industry, total mixed rations (TMR) are fed to promote balanced nutrient intake and satisfy evolving energy requirements. TMR intake is an extensively investigated phenotype of dairy cattle and is known to be highly variable due to both intrinsic and extrinsic determinants, which can include composition and palatability of offered TMR, intensity of environmental stressors, and biological aspects of the individual animal. Reductions in TMR intake negatively impact health and production; thus, industry demand has heightened for precise intake monitoring systems. Cyber-physical systems that employ cameras as a sensing device are proposed solutions to ambiguity in existing feeding strategies. Prior studies have demonstrated the efficacy of camera systems to monitor other phenotypes of dairy cattle including body condition, locomotion and gait, social interaction, and early detection of negative health events. In this study, an OAK-D PoE stereo vision camera system was employed to estimate volume of TMR and monitor feeding behavior in a dynamic barn environment. The system leveraged open-source Python software to measure relative depth in near real time and autonomously estimate the amount of TMR present in a feed bunk. Image data were processed to generate a point cloud for which volume of TMR was estimated at a rate of approximately 50 estimates/min. Two experiments were conducted in which mass, volume, and density of TMR, as well as feeding behavior (exclusive to Exp. 2) were manually recorded to be compared to volume estimates of TMR output by the camera system. In Exp. 1, diet type (high-density vs. low-density; HD and LD, respectively), lighting (10,000 Lm vs. existing barn lighting; on vs. off, respectively), and shape of offered TMR (undisturbed vs. simulated post-meal bout; no divot vs. divot, respectively) were assessed for impact on system accuracy across five intervals of known TMR volume. In Exp. 2, system volume estimates were evaluated over time when a cow was present and exhibiting normal feeding behavior. The system accurately estimated volume of TMR across evaluated conditions in Exp. 1, despite significance of the divot condition. As TMR disappeared over time in Exp. 2, system volume estimates decreased with a similar pattern. When the cow was removed and measured TMR volume was unchanged at 2 h collection timepoints in Exp. 2, system volume estimates also remained unchanged and consistent. Post-collection of replicates in Exp. 2, frequency and duration of meal bout events were estimated based on differences in volume when cows were eating. Estimated frequency and durations were similar to manually recorded data and indicated feasibility of behavioral monitoring as an opportunity for further system development. Prior studies have integrated machine learning approaches for refinement of camera monitoring systems and mitigation of reported environmental impact on accurate quantification of TMR volume. Further development of the current system through integration of machine learning applications will improve accuracy and industry applicability as an automated feed bunk management tool for collection of TMR intake and behavioral data on a per-cow basis.</p>