Near the end of a building's lifecycle, many times when the building is no longer deemed useful, decisions are made whether to wait out a new tenant for the structure or to destroy it to make way for new construction. If the latter, while the building waits, its materials are left to the elements to decay away through natural weathering over time. To give these environments new life would not only reinvigorate the surrounding area with a renewed purpose, but is also a much more sustainable process of construction than simply demolishing and creating whole new structures. To be able to capitalize on the structure, material, and identifying characteristics of an existing building is the goal of a well performed adaptive re-use project. This project outlines steps and the process in which an architect should complete as they go through the phases of construction for this process. The steps that I developed to complete this process are Observation, Preservation, Renovation, and Activation. Through the completion of this process a respectful interchange of ideas, character, and structure is shared between the old and new. The host of this process of adaptive re-use is a Catholic school located in Pittsburgh PA, originally built in 1875. Over its long history it has seen many changes and additions to its original construction but has since been abandoned for over ten years. This thesis takes this building and explains the process of re use for taking this abandoned Catholic school and creating an artist residency and community complex. / Master of Architecture / As the defining edge of human expansion raises our population to a critical point, to house and provide for this continuous growth requires the construction of spaces to grow with it at a comparable rate. As newer spaces get created, older spaces become emptied to hopefully be filled by another entity. Brand new buildings, as exciting as the notion can be, will continuously become less prevalent in the world of architectural design as our method of conservation and architectural preservation gets better to match this rise in density. This thesis outlines the process one should complete when renovating or adding onto an existing structure. The host of this study is a catholic school from 1875 that is being adapted and re-used to become an artist residency and cultural art space.

This paper presents a novel and efficient analytic framework for the performance analysis and capacity-assignment optimisation of a wireless GSM cell employing the Re-Use Partitioning (RUP) policy. RUP splits hierarchically the available bandwidth into multiple layers of frequencies and allows tighter frequency re-use in order to achieve a higher network capacity. In this context, a queueing network model (QNM) of a wireless cell is proposed consisting of a hierarchical layer configuration which is decomposed into individual GE/GE/c/c loss systems each of which is analysed in isolation via a more general maximum entropy (ME) state probability solution, subject to appropriate GE-type flow formulae and mean value constraints. Moreover, a new performance optimisation index is proposed as the weighted average non-blocking probability of traffic over all frequency layers. For illustration purposes, the proposed index is utilised to formulate and solve two capacity-assignment optimisation problems. Numerical examples are included to validate the relative accuracy of the analytic GE-type performance metrics against simulation and assess the optimal re-use partitioning policy of the available bandwidth.

My Thesis addresses one of the staples of suburban American development for the past half century, the ubiquitous Big Box store in the strip mall shopping centers and the acres of surface parking lots built around them. With thousands of these stores built, many are being abandoned by their tenants who are relocating to new locations, following market demand and other factors. While current methods of re-using these buildings exist, they're inefficient and require huge amounts of time and money to redevelop effectively. This leads many to simply be demolished and create thousands of tons of debris for our landfills and wastes the embedded energy they have. Looking closely at a local shopping center going through a massive redevelopment process that will take years if not decades to complete, I propose an alternative method of developing the site in a shorter time frame. This method applies new construction techniques in modular building to facilitate a fundamental shift in what the site provides to the public. Transitioning from a retail only destination that requires a car to access and use into a fully walkable and engaging neighborhood with retail, residential, and commercial uses all contributing to the balance for its residents and visitors. All of this development acknowledges the fact that the success of this community will spur more development, and allows for that future growth. The dis-assembly of the modular constructs allows them to move and develop another shopping center else ware to continue improving our communities. / Master of Architecture

Nature is able to convert chemical energy into mechanical work under modest conditions, i.e., physiological pH and ambient temperature and pressure. One of the most interesting systems is muscle modeled as the "sliding filament" system. The sliding filament system is a combination of a thin actin filament and a thick myosin filament that slide over one another by breaking the "energy-rich" pyrophosphate bond of ATP. The energy from ATP hydrolysis is used for mechanical motion and the energy lost during this process is used to heat our body. In biology, the sliding filament system is taken as a fairly effective model. For engineering systems, the energy lost to heat needs to be reduced to build an efficient energy converter. In our research, we use a phosphate charged protein, casein, and react it with divinyl sulfone (DVS) through a Michael addition reaction to produce a cross-linked gel. The protein gel could be ephosphorylated at standard conditions using bovine phosphatase (bp) and re-phosporylated using casein kinase. When attached to the protein, the negatively charged phosphate groups cause the gel to expand from repulsion. When removed, the protein contracts. Therefore, work is realized without sliding friction, which is the origin of the large energy loss in muscle. FT-IR spectroscopy allows us to follow the two biochemical reactions. We also show a thermodynamic analysis of the work and offer an estimation of the most basic term. / Master of Science

Globalization has driven the internationalization of both SMEs and large enterprises and has caused new opportunities and challenges to emerge. As a result of these new challenges, such as increased foreign competition, or due reasons such as lack of international experience, change in strategy, or dissatisfaction about their performance, many internationalized firms withdraw from their international operations. Permanent exit of international markets may not always be the best option. Re-entering these markets can be rewarding as the intangible resources gained from their initial internationalization experience may facilitate their international market re-entry, thereby having an advantage over newly internationalizing firms.   The main purpose of this study is to contribute to the concept of the re-internationalization process. This is done by exploring the relationship between international heritage and the different stages of the re-internationalization process, which consists out of: the initial internationalization experience, de-internationalization, the international time-out stage and the firm’s international market re-entry.   Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that SMEs apply international heritage differently, based on their level of resource commitment to the international market. This study shows that firms with a higher level of resource commitment tend to apply their international heritage on a global level, whereas firms that commit less resources only apply their international heritage in the market in which the international heritage was gained. Furthermore, while the disruptiveness of the market exit varied between the case companies, all four firms continued to commit resources to the exited market, albeit to varying degrees. Lastly, the empirical findings show that the role of international heritage is not a facilitating one, but that it causes the firm to be more careful.

Denna rapport redovisar arbetet med att uppdatera webbplatsen qnodd.se, en webbplats som är till för att presentera läromedlet Qnoddarnas värld, utgivet av Natur & Kultur. I rapporten redovisas för tidigare studentuppsatser samt teorier rörande användarvänlighet och designprinciper som har används för att utföra användartester och utvärderingar. Webbplatsen har under tiden för projektet genomgått två uppdateringar och arbetet med webbplatsen kommer med hjälp av användartesterna fortsätta även efter projektavslutet. / This report describes the process of updating the website qnodd.se, a website that is designed to introduce the teaching material Qnoddarnas värld, published by Natur & Kultur, Sweden. The report presents former student essays and theories of usafulness and design principles that have been applied when preforming user testing and evaluations. The site has during the project undergone two updates and further development of the site will through the user tests continue even after the project is finished.

E système Mo-Ni-Re est un sous-système majeur des superalliages à base de Ni conçus pour une utilisation dans les applications à haute température. Compte tenu des contradictions entre les informations publiées antérieurement, cette étude a été consacrée à la détermination expérimentale complète des équilibres entre phases dans le système Mo-Ni-Re, à la caractérisation structurale des phases intermétalliques et à la modélisation thermodynamique du système à l'aide de la méthode CALPHAD. L'étude expérimentale des équilibres entre phases a été effectuée en utilisant des alliages à l'équilibre, et les diagrammes de phases du système Ni-Re et Mo-Ni-Re (à 1200°C et à 1600°C) ont été proposées. En comparaison avec les études précédentes, le diagramme de phases Ni-Re déterminé au cours de ce travail a montré des différences significatives en termes de domaines d'homogénéité, des domaines de cristallisation et de température de réaction péritectique. La coupe isotherme à 1200°C du système Mo-Ni-Re proposée lors de cette étude a montré l'extension importante de la phase σ du système binaire Mo-Re et de la phase δ du système Mo-Ni dans le diagramme ternaire. En outre, la présence de deux phases ternaires jusque-là inconnues a également été observée. La coupe isotherme du système Mo-Ni-Re à 1600°C a également montré une grande extension de la phase σ dans le diagramme ternaire tandis que l'extension de la phase χ du système Mo-Re dans les deux coupes isothermes est limitée à un étroit domaine de composition. Les phases ternaires observées dans la coupe isotherme à 1200°C ne sont pas présentes dans la coupe isotherme à 1600°C. D'autre part, les études partielles des domaines de composition des phases dans les systèmes binaires Mo-Ni et Mo-Re ainsi que la détermination de la projection du liquidus du système Mo-Ni-Re ont également été effectuées. La projection du liquidus du système Mo-Ni-Re proposée lors de la présente étude a également montré des champs de cristallisation primaire de la phase σ de système Mo-Re et la solution solide de Re dans la région ternaire qui sont largement étendus. Puisque la coupe isotherme du système Mo-Ni-Re a montré un domaine d'homogénéité de la phase σ très étendu, la caractérisation structurale de la phase σ du système ternaire Mo-Ni-Re a été effectuée en mettant l'accent sur la détermination de l'occupation des sites en fonction de la composition par affinement de Rietveld combiné des données de diffraction des rayons X et des neutrons. Les résultats expérimentaux recueillis au cours de cette étude ainsi que les informations disponibles dans la littérature ont été utilisés comme données d'entrée pour la modélisation thermodynamique du système Mo-Ni-Re. La description thermodynamique du système Mo-Re a été prise de la littérature tandis que les optimisations thermodynamiques des systèmes Mo-Ni, Ni-Re et Mo-Ni-Re ont été effectuées au cours de ce travail avec la méthode CALHAD.Mots-clés: Mo-Ni, Mo-Re, Ni-Re, Mo-Ni-Re; diagramme de phases; coupe isotherme; caractérisation structurale; modélisation thermodynamique; méthode CALPHAD / The Mo-Ni-Re system is one of the important subsystems of the Ni based superalloys engineered for use in high temperature applications. Considering the contradictions among previously reported information, the present study was devoted to the complete experimental determination of the phase equilibria in the Mo-Ni-Re system, structural characterization of its intermetallic phases and thermodynamic modeling of the system with the help of the CALPHAD method. The experimental investigation of phase equilibria was carried out with the help of equilibrated alloys and phase diagrams of the Ni-Re and Mo-Ni-Re system (at 1200°C and 1600°C) were proposed. In comparison with previous investigations, the Ni-Re phase diagram determined during the present study showed significant difference in terms of homogeneity domains, freezing ranges and peritectic reaction temperature. The 1200°C isothermal section of the Mo-Ni-Re system proposed during the present study showed large extension of the Mo-Re σ phase and Mo-Ni δ phase in the ternary region. In addition, presence of two previously unknown ternary phases was also observed. The isothermal section of the Mo-Ni-Re system at 1600°C also showed large extension of σ phase in the ternary region whereas extension of the Mo-Re χ phase in both isothermal sections was restricted to narrow composition range. The presence of the ternary phases observed in the 1200°C isothermal was not evidenced in 1600°C isothermal section. On the other hand, partial investigations of phase boundaries in the Mo-Ni and Mo-Re binary systems and determination of liquidus projection of the Mo-Ni-Re system was also carried out. The liquidus projection of the Mo-Ni-Re system proposed during present study also showed largely extended primary crystallization fields of the Mo-Re σ phase and Re solid solution in the ternary region. Since isothermal sections of the Mo-Ni-Re system showed largely extended homogeneity domain of σ, structural characterization of the Mo-Ni-Re σ with particular emphasis on determination of site occupancy trends as a function of composition was carried out by combined Rietveld refinement of the X-ray and neutron diffraction data. The experimental results gathered during the present study along with the information available in the literature were used as input for thermodynamic modeling of the Mo-Ni-Re system. The thermodynamic description of the Mo-Re system was taken from literature whereas thermodynamic modeling of the Mo-Ni, Ni-Re and Mo-Ni-Re system was carried out during the present study with the help of the CALHAD method.Keywords: Mo-Ni; Mo-Re; Ni-Re; Mo-Ni-Re; phase diagram; isothermal section; structural characterization; thermodynamic modeling; CALPHAD method

Thesis. (M.Tech. (Dept. of Civil Engineering and Building, Faculty of Engineering and Technology)) -- Vaal University of Technology, 2011. / This research focused on the structural performance of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) re-bars in structural foundation compared to steel reinforcement re-bars. The corrosion of steel re-bars is the main reason of deterioration of reinforced concrete. However, use of FRP re-bars as alternative reinforcement will address the deterioration of reinforced concrete. Carbon and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer re-bars were used as reinforcing bars and traditional steel reinforced concrete was used as the reference. Thirty six specimens of reinforced concrete bases were tested for flexural capacity at different ages. The simulation of Soil Bearing Pressure of this study was derived from the model of beam finite length on elastic foundation. The foundation base was treated as a beam while the soil was modelled as series of timber elements acting as springs. The mathematical model to reflect the model was as documented by Timoshenko (1976:18) and Den Hartog (1952:160). Results showed that stress in the steel re-bars of reinforced concrete was higher than that of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) re-bars by 227 MPa (5.99 percent) and 284 MPa (7.61 percent), respectively. The stress in CFRP re-bars was 57 MPa or 1.53 percent higher compared to GFRP re-bars of FRP reinforced concrete. Furthermore, the experimental ultimate moments of CFRP and GFRP reinforced concrete foundation – bases on the 28th day were 23.917 kNm (79.0 percent) and 23.529 kNm (77.7 percent) higher than the theoretical ultimate moments, respectively. However, steel reinforced concrete foundation – bases had the higher calculated deflection than FRP reinforced concrete. With high resistance to corrosion as a property, FRP re-bars appeared to be a better alternative reinforcement to steel in corrosion in an aggressive environment. / Vaal University of Technology

Ce travail de recherche examine le style en traduction à travers le prisme de la métaphore corporelle dans le roman censuré The Rainbow (1915) de D.H. Lawrence et ses deux traductions françaises par Albine Loisy (1939) et Jacqueline Gouirand-Rousselon (2002). Notre réflexion s’inscrit dans la traductologie de corpus et adopte une approche descriptive grâce à une analyse qualitative et quantitative. Nous avons articulé notre travail autour de trois parties : en parcourant différents cadres théoriques allant d’Aristote jusqu’aux études plus récentes, nous avons tenté d’explorer la question relative à la nature de la métaphore et à ses fonctions. Cette première étape a confirmé notre point de vue selon lequel la métaphore est un support qui agence la pensée pour traduire une représentation particulière du monde. La métaphore est en effet un outil de communication redoutable. Nous avons, par la suite, exploré la notion de style en traductologie afin de tisser un lien entre la métaphore et le style dans l’écriture lawrencienne. Métaphoriser et traduire sont deux processus sensiblement proches qui tournent autour d’un point commun, celui du mouvement. L’analyse détaillée des 35 exemples extraits de The Rainbow et de leurs traductions en français nous a permis de détecter les convergences et les divergences au niveau du style et des représentations métaphoriques du corps. L’emploi récurrent de la métaphore chez Lawrence n’est pas anodin. Il s’agit d’un moyen pour conceptualiser la philosophie de l’auteur. Les traductrices ont dû surmonter au moins deux défis : préserver la charge métaphorique et opter pour un style qui reflète la complexité de l’écriture lawrencienne, tout en respectant les normes stylistiques de la langue française. Les écarts constatés au niveau des traductions ouvrent la voie à des interprétations qui pourraient prendre forme grâce à de futures retraductions. / The aim of this research, which draws on a descriptive approach to translation and uses a corpus-based methodology, is to explore D.H. Lawrence’s style through his use of body-related metaphors. I will focus on their stylistic particularities in order to examine the manner in which body metaphors were translated into French. The main argument of my study is that Lawrence’s metaphors are a relevant tool to highlight his vision of human relationship. This thesis falls into three parts: first of all, I explore different theoretical frameworks from Aristotle to more recent studies, notably those carried out by Lakoff and Johnson. This step confirms that metaphors are a relevant tool of communication that organises one’s thought in order to create a specific representation in a given situation. Secondly, in order to weave a link between metaphors and Lawrence’s writing in The Rainbow, I examine style in Translation Studies and beyond. Metaphorising and translating are two closely related processes that revolve around a common aspect, movement. Thirdly, I conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 35 excerpts from the censored and the unabridged edition of The Rainbow (1915) with their French translations by Albine Loisy (1939) and Jacqueline Gouirand-Rousselon (2002) in order to highlight convergences and divergences in the style and metaphorical representations of the body. The recurring use of metaphor in The Rainbow is a means of conceptualising Lawrence’s vision of the world. Both translators had to overcome at least two challenges: to preserve the metaphorical images and to opt for a style that reflects the complexity of the Lawrencian writing, while respecting the stylistic norms of the French language. Differences in translations pave the way for new interpretations that could take shape through future retranslations.

No cenário atual, as transformações sócio-culturais e tecnológicas vêm ampliando as fronteiras culturais entre as nações, acentuando a individualidade e redefinindo práticas afetivas. Assistimos a pulverização dos ideais de verdade, a desagregação das estruturas tradicionais de normatização, o excesso de liberdade, o hiper-consumismo, a valorização do novo e do hedonismo. Na aparente efemeridade das relações afetivas, buscamos compreender que significados homens e mulheres atribuem a vivencia da infidelidade amorosa da(do) parceira(o) e como re-significam suas relações amorosas após estes(estas) lhes terem sido infiéis. Entrevistamos 05 mulheres casadas pela Lei Civil e Igreja Católica, sendo que uma delas se separou após a infidelidade do parceiro e depois se reconciliou com ele; 04 homens, sendo que um deles se casou pela Lei Civil e Igreja Católica e se separou após a infidelidade da parceira; outro se uniu pelo contrato de conjunção marital e se separou após a infidelidade da parceira; e os outros dois, solteiros, se separaram das namoradas após a infidelidade delas. Utilizamos o método fenomenológico descritivo proposto por Rezende (1990) e obtivemos as descrições dos(das) colaboradores(as) mediante a questão: Fale a respeito da sua relação afetiva e sexual no decorrer do seu casamento (namoro) e, em especial, após seu (sua) marido (esposa/namorada) lhe ter sido infiel. Submetemo-as aos momentos da análise propostos por Giorgi (1978) e Bruns (2003) e situamos o fenômeno em sua temporalidade e construção sócio-histórica, bem como realizamos sua compreensão psicológica à luz do referencial psicanalítico. Ao analisarmos as descrições compreendemos que, embora vivenciamos no campo familiar, a transgressão de regras, a ruptura de modelos e a pluralização de formas de se relacionar, presenciamos a persistência de elementos tradicionais coexistindo com os comportamentos contemporâneos, como o ideal de amor romântico que imprime as idealizações de felicidade nas parcerias. Percebemos que os desencantos vivenciados por homens e mulheres exprimem a quebra da idealidade frente à figura amada e se manifestam também, nas insatisfações sexuais. A dor psíquica desencadeada pela vivência da infidelidade do(a) parceiro(a) expressa a comoção pulsional ou autopercepção do eu sobre o tumulto interno desencadeado pela perda ou ruptura da imagem que o parceiro traído tem de quem lhe foi infiel e, ao mesmo tempo, pela ruptura de sua própria imagem, que gera confusão mental e dúvidas sobre a própria identidade e sanidade mental. A irrepresentabilidade da dor psíquica pelo eu é expressa tanto pela marca da subtaneidade da descoberta da infidelidade do(a) parceiro(a), quanto pela negação da realidade. A manifestação exterior de sintomas são refletidos em dores psicogênicas e revelam sentimentos como culpa, menos-valia, impotência, insegurança, mágoa, ressentimento, solidão, abandono, rejeição, falta de apoio familiar e social e falta de perspectiva futura, bem como a projeção da dor psíquica no(a) parceiro(a). Os valores, as regras e os mitos que regem um grupo familiar são transmitidos de pais para filhos e há uma relação entre a preocupação com os filhos e o desejo de separar-se do(da) parceiro(a). A dramática ligação entre ciúme e violência compõe o cenário das relações infiéis. Contudo, as re-significações existenciais frente à vivencia da infidelidade podem percorrer territórios psíquicos que se dirigem para duas instâncias, a reconstrução e/ou dissolução do relacionamento amoroso, na busca de vivencias prazerosas; o aprisionamento da dor que encerra o eu em um dilaceramento sem fim, preso a uma antiga imagem não re-significada do eleito amado. / In the current scenery, socio-cultural and technological changes have been increasing cultural borders among the nations, accentuating individuality and redefinig affective practicals. We have watched the pulverization of the ideals of truth, the disaggregation of the traditional structures of normatization, the excess of freedom, the hiper-consumerism, the valorization of the new and of the hedonism. In the apparent efemerity of affective relationships, we attempt to understand which meanings men and women attribute to the existence of love infidelity of male or female partners and how they resignify their relationships after their partners´ infidelity. We interviewed 05 women, married in the Civil Law and Catholic Church; one of them separated after the partner\'s infidelity and later reconciled to him; 04 men; one of them got married in the Civil Law and Catholic Church and separated after the partner\'s infidelity; another one joined in the contract of marital conjunction and separated after the partner\'s infidelity; and the other two single men, separated after their girlfriends´ infidelity. We used the descriptive phenomenologic method proposed by Rezende (1990) and we obtained the descriptions by asking: \"Talk about sex and love during your relationships an especially after your partners´ infidelity. We made our analysis according to Giorgi (1978) and Bruns (2003) and we placed the phenomenon in its temporality and socio-historical construction and also accomplished its psychological understanding according to phyco analysis. To analyze the descriptions we understood that although we live in the familial field, the transgression of rules, the rupture of models and the pluralization relationships, we witness the persistence of traditional elements coexisting with contemporary behaviors, such as the ideal of romantic love in the idealization of happiness in the relationships. We noticed that disapointments experienced by men and women express the break of the ideal love and also appear in their sexual dissatisfactions. Psycic pain revealed by the existence of the partners´ infidelity expresses the pulsional commotion or autoperception of the internal tumult resulting from the the loss or rupture of the image that the betrayed partner has of the unfaithful one, and at the same time, from the rupture of his/ her own image, which generates mental confusion and doubts about their own identity and mental sanity. The irrepresentability of the psychic pain is expressed in the discovery of partners´ infidelity as well as in the denial of reality. The external manifestation of symptoms is reflected in the psycogenic pain which reveal feelings such as blame, low self-confidence, impotence, insecurity, sorrow, resentment, solitude, abandonment, rejection, lack of family and social support and lack of future perspective, as well as the projection of the psychic pain to the partners. The values, the rules and the myths that govern a family group are transmitted from r parents to children and there is a relation between the concern with the children and the desire of separation. The dramatic connection between jealousy and violence composes the scenery of unfaithful relationships. However, the existential re-significances in the experience of infidelity can go through psychic territories that lead to two instances, the reconstruction and/ or breakup of the love relationship, in the search of pleasure; the imprisonment of pain that leads to endless suffering due to the non re-signified image of the partner.