Repetitive injuries have been a major obstacle in production assembly lines all over the world. These injuries have greatly reduced the production efficiency of assembly plants and also negatively affected human health. Various attempts have been made by the Canadian government through the Workers Compensation Board (WCB) to prevent the occurrences of these injuries because of the associated cost and effects. These attempts failed as the cost of injuries acquired in the workplace continues to increase. For example, in New Zealand alone, the total cost of accidents in 2005, is estimated at $300 million (Accident Compensation Corporation, 2005). In Canada, the number of accepted claims alone amount to 15623 people (Workers Compensation Board of Canada, 2003).<p>A human body can be viewed as a mechanism that is composed of links and joints controlled by a central nervous system and are subject to stress, strain, fatigue and failure as can be observed on a regular industrial robot. But unlike the robot which is designed proactively, these stress and strain factors could be because of certain conditions such as inappropriate work posture, poor assembly line design, excessive workload, and poor work conditions. <p>Often, it is almost uncertain to make a conceptual assessment of the appropriate ergonomic design of a production system before the assembly line is built and put in use. This research will propose a general computer-based methodology for analysis of work injuries given an assembly line where human workers perform repetitive operations. The general methodology integrates sophisticated computer software systems for biomechanics simulation with various manual measurement techniques and methods. The research further proposed a simple and handy synthesis method with which problematic areas of assembly line design, with special reference to human work design can be identified and improved. The proposed methodology for analysis and synthesis is then implemented in a real assembly line to understand the effects of different work activities on the human body. Various software packages and motion tracking techniques will be considered prior to the actual implementation of the final methodology. A rule of thumb table will also be presented as a guideline for the re-design process. The research also proposed a general procedure and specific formula within a specific regional context to calculate the costs of worker injuries in real-life assembly system. This formula thus allows us to obtain the total cost of injuries in a production assembly line, making it possible to optimize the design and operation of the assembly line.

Understanding what influences movement patterns in animals is important to the understanding of colonization, range expansion, and sourcesink dynamics. Rosss geese (Chen rossii) have been expanding their nesting range eastward, and, as recently as 1994, have been nesting in large numbers in such newly colonized areas. I sampled nests at the McConnell River Migratory Bird Sanctuary (MCR), the largest known Rosss goose nesting colony outside the Queen Maud Gulf Migratory Bird Sanctuary (QMG) to estimate its nesting population size. To understand whether immigration by Rosss geese to a new colony located outside traditional nesting areas has an adaptive basis, I compared nutritional, nesting, and survival metrics between geese nesting at the MCR and those nesting at Karrak Lake (KAR) in QMG. I hypothesized that because of longer nesting season, Rosss geese at MCR would have more fat and protein reserves, larger clutch sizes, and greater nest success than those at KAR. Additionally, I hypothesized that population change at MCR was due largely to in situ recruitment. To better understand factors motivating dispersal, movement by Rosss geese between nesting attempts at MCR was measured between years. I hypothesized that dispersal distance of nesting females between years t, and t+1 was a function of both a females own reproductive success as well as that of her neighbours.<p> In 1997 over 23,000 Rosss geese were counted at MCR. By 2007, population estimates (± SE) had increased to 81,408 (±12,367). Survival of both juvenile and adult geese marked at MCR was similar to those nesting at KAR; however, recovery rate estimates were greater than those for KAR. On average, Rosss geese arrived and initiated nests at MCR seven days earlier than at KAR. Abdominal fat was lower when nest initiation date was later in both areas, but was generally greater in geese nesting at MCR. Similarly, there was more indexed protein in geese at MCR than those at KAR in 2 of 3 years. Nesting indices such as clutch size and nest success did not show a consistent area effect, which interacted with a year effect.<p> Rosss geese at MCR did not appear to use individual or conspecific reproductive success when deciding if or how far to disperse between years, and temporary emigration rates also did not vary based on reproductive success the previous year. Instead, variables other than prior individual or neighbour nest success influenced Rosss goose nest site selection and colony fidelity. The number of Rosss geese nesting at MCR increased at an average rate of 11.4% per year from 20032007, despite no increase (0%) from 2006 to 2007. Vital rate information gathered during this time suggests that immigration may have contributed to this growth; however, with few assumptions it can be concluded that MCR is a sustainable population. As a result, studies of geese breeding at MCR provide evidence that arctic geese are capable of successfully colonizing nesting areas great distances beyond historic range.

Personer som genomgått en traumatisk händelse befinner sig i riskzonen för att utveckla post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), som innebär en stor livsbegränsning och ett stort lidande. Dagligen möter hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal personer som ännu ej diagnostiserats och det är därför av vikt att kunna identifiera PTSD-symptom. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka samband mellan olika trauman och PTSD-symptom enligt diagnostiseringssystemet DSM IV. Studien grundades på en deduktiv ansats och resultatet bestod av 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som granskades. Resultatet behandlade DSM IV:s tre symptomkluster: re-experience/intrusion, avoidance och hyperarousal. Studien fann att det kan föreligga en skillnad mellan olika typer av trauma och vilka PTSD-symptom som var det mest frekvent upplevda. Det framkom också i studien att re-experience/intrusion och avoidance var de kluster som var mest frekventa hos dem som uppvisade PTSD-symptom efter ett trauma. Det finns ett behov av en utökad kvalitativ forskning inom området PTSD-symptom, samtidigt som hälso- och sjukvårdpersonal är i behov av att hålla sig uppdaterade när det kommer till de symptom som är ett resultat av sjukdomen. Det är av vikt att synliggöra PTSD och att låta kunskapen kring psykisk ohälsa få mer utrymme under sjuksköterskeutbildningen. För att tidigare kunna identifiera PTSD krävs en utförligare anamnes, där sjuksköterskan kan synliggöra tidigare upplevda trauman hos personen. Personer som hälso- och sjukvården vet har genomgått ett tidigare trauma kan vara i behov att screenas för PTSD.

Background: This study focuses on three reforms which the Swedish government have performed: The abolishment of the audit requirement, the reduction of the legal capital requirement, and the reduction of the employment taxes. What effect have they had on the establishment of private limited companies? Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to explain the influence government reforms have on the establishment and re-establishment of private limited companies inSweden. Method: An explanatory study was performed to study the effect of the reforms, and a quantitative method was used which includes the positivistic and deductive approach. Conclusion: For a majority, the reforms were not decisive; rather, they were contributory for founders’ decision to establish a private limited company. Many owners have re-established from different organizational forms to the private limited company form.

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The study aims to investigate the correlation for new veterans among their personalities, family factors, relevant coping strategies for employments provided by Veteran Affairs Commission in Tainan and re-employment. The research findings will be offered to administrators in Veteran Affairs Commission, as well as future researchers in the field, which would promote the possibility of employment for new veterans. Moreover, individual personalities such as gender, age, marriage, education, military seniority, type of demobilization pension, demobilization rank, situations of family and work, duration of unemployment and so on will be taken into consideration for probing the effect on re-employment. These findings will be reference for government to provide adaptive service for individual difference based on called ¡§Walking around service.¡¨ Finally, the research findings would suggest the administration, i.e. Ministry of National Defense, Council of Veteran Affairs, and Council of Labor Affairs, to cultivate second major training for those active military officials. These plans for their careers after demobilization will help them get used to the society, contribute more effort to the country in the next stage of life. The research subjects include new veterans in Tainan who demobilized in three years. The data was collected by distributing 486 questionnaire and 128 returned, effective returned rate reached 26.83%. The questionnaire was designed based on related references and inventories. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 by using Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis, Descriptive Statistics, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Regression Analysis as well as Hieraechical Regression Analysis. The research findings concluded as follows: 1. The personality of new veteran has significant effect on his/her re-employment. 2. The personality of new veteran has significant positive effect on his/her work value. 3. The family factor new veteran has interaction between his/her personality and work value. 4. The opinion on re-employment provided by Veteran Affair Commission in Tainan has significant effect on personality, work values, family factors.

The mobile technology is being developed very fast and it is a general situation where people can fetch or edit files via the Internet by mobile devices such as notebooks, smart phones, and so on. Due to possible possession of various devices of a user, it may be inconvenient for him to synchronize a file such that he cannot edit the same file via his devices easily. Recently, the cloud technology is becoming more and more popular and there are some new business models launched. One of them is a storage platform Dropbox which can synchronize users' files in their own devices and also allow users to share their files to others. However, Dropbox was indicated that the privacy of the files has not been protected well. Many encryption schemes have been proposed in the literature, but most of them do not support the property of secret file sharing when deploying them in cloud environment. Even though some schemes support the property, they can only provide a file owner to share all of his files with others. In some situations, the file owner may want to ensure that the receiver cannot decrypt the ciphertext until a specified time arrives. The existing encryption schemes cannot achieve these goals simultaneously. Hence, in order to cope with these problems, we propose a timed-release proxy conditional re-encryption scheme for cloud computing. Not only are users¡¦ files stored safely but also each user can freely share a desired file with another user. Furthermore, the receiver cannot obtain any information of the file until the chosen time arrives. Finally, we also demonstrate the security of our proposed scheme via formal proofs.

In the past, the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was mainly measured by the optical backscattering device (OBS) and water sample filtration. However, there has been a new development that user is based on the acoustics backscattering (ABS) to measure the SSC in the world. The acoustic instruments have some advantages that the optical ones do not have. For example, acoustic instruments are not effected by high turbidity, biofouling and high viscosity in the water. Acoustic instruments have high spatial and temporal resolutions. And they can immediately indicate the SSC changes than the water sample filtration method. Therefore, in this study we used the multi-frequency acoustics instrument (AQUAscat-1000) to investigate the relations of the suspended sediment size and concentration to the acoustic characteristics. The results are separated into two parts: (1) The calibration process in the flume. (2) The acoustic results in the field experiment. In the first part, we examined the range of preferred bin size with respect to the different frequencies as well as the condition in the flume, and determine that conclude the 20 mm is the best range for our case. In addition, the gain should be used when the maximum SSC is less than 100 mg/l and vice versa. Therefore, in the field case around the river mouth, the signal gain should be turned off due to high concentrations. According to the sensitivity of the backscatter intensity of different frequencies to the suspended particle sizes, multiple frequencies are needed to derive the SSC when the sediment size becomes smaller. The last point in this part is the comparison of the results between the acoustics and optical instruments. When the suspended particles in the water column are transparent, the optical measurement of the SSC is underestimated, but the acoustic method is not. The result of the field experiment in 2009 showed that the AQUAscat-1000 is a better instrument to quantify SSC than the optical instruments. The SSC increase caused by the bottom sediment re-suspension was due to the wave shear. In the 2011 experiment, although the acoustic results overestimated the SSC at some points but they still had higher relation and significance with water sample data than the optical measurements. The SSC increase caused by the bottom sediment re-suspension was due to the current shear.

Cloud computing has been developed rapidly in recent years, and offers novel concepts and innovations in computer use. One application of cloud computing is that people can designate a proxy to help them to execute a number of tasks in certain situations instead of undertaking all tasks themselves. With this application, people can benefit from the proxy; however, some information is revealed to the proxy, such as their activities, and private data. That is, the proxy is aware of the actions of people through delegation processes, and proxy re-encryption which is a cryptographic primitive has been proposed to solve this problem. In the proxy re-encryption system, when a user (e.g., Alice) wants to send a ciphertext that is encrypted by her secret key and stored in the cloud to another user (e.g., Bob), she can designate a proxy to transform the ciphertext into a different ciphertext that can be decrypted by Bob¡¦s private key. Based on attribute-based encryption and proxy re-encryption, we propose attribute-based proxy re-encryption with bilinear pairing. Furthermore, in the proposed scheme, third paries cannot decrypt the ciphertext if they do no have matching attributes, regardless of being helped by proxy. Finally, we offer security proofs to demonstrate that the proposed scheme satisfies the essential requirements of attribute-based encryption schemes and proxy re-encryption schemes.

The reason that a firm have to run its business in diversify ways, is to extend contents that it produced, enhance its business values and gain more benefits. Diversification has two kinds of business models, which is vertical and horizontal diversification. As for a steel company, vertical diversify is use its main business as the core, then extend to other new territories of steel business. A firm, which uses internationalization strategy, has several internal and external factors. The internal factors, which are like domestic market is to small, rise to the labor costs, values of people change, traditional industries move abroad, and lack of lobar power. For external factors is free market economy, change of the business environments. To lower the cost, company has to integrate domestic and abroad advantageous resources. The firm has to advancing its own competitiveness by internationalization. Corporation merge is for the purpose of expanding the organization scale and operation abilities, and to pursue growth of external businesses. By buying target company¡¦s properties, to reach the goal of corporation merges. With the transnational merge can also achieve the internationalization strategy. The integration and re-engineering of working process, is the key task after to take over the management of the merged company. To co-operate with company strategy, review the resources needed during the integration. To plan and design the method of improves working process. And to start the implementation. To review the achievements of the integration and improvement of the working process. Can be judged by key events, which defined by different main manufacturing and managing issues. And with review in each phase, the effective of improvement could be ensured. For every company, every important decision made. Will lurking with several uncontrollable factors. To face with the risks, which are coming from any miss-judgment or fails decisions during the merging process that could ruin the whole merging process. In conclusion and suggestion section, we will discuss more about the best processing model of merging task.