International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper abstractly introduces the configuration, main modules, and software of the ground detection system for re-entry vehicle' s telemetry. It focuses on introducing intelligent high bit rate CAMAC(Computer Automic Mete And Control) modules, high frequency CAMAC modules, adaption between CAMAC bus and telemetry bus, and writing high bit rate data into disk under the control of CCU (Central Control Unit), etc.

The de-industrialisation of the UK economy caused by globalised international markets, advancements in technology and production with changing consumer demands have made much of what was ‘traditional’ manufacturing redundant; this has led to industrial restructuring or even collapse, resulting in mass job redundancies. Market and industrial pressures have intensified since the late 1990s, culminating in the symbolic collapse of MG Rover in 2005 in addition to other key producers in the West Midlands, which represented the end of mass automotive production in the region (Donnelly et al. 2012). This came alongside various geographical, political and economic factors, including the restructuring of regional development agencies, prolonged industrial decline and a period of national economic recession, which presented challenges for any recovery. This thesis examines more precisely the closure of the commercial vehicle manufacturer LDV in 2009, once a part of the larger conglomerate British Leyland. The closure further reinforced the decline in UK automotive manufacturing until that point. The research involves the corporate collapse of LDV and the local government reaction to the closure and the following re-employment pathways of the redundant LDV workforce. The research continues the discussion of plant closures and the issues that redundant workers face when engaged in the labour market during economic recession. In particular, the thesis contribution employs a qualitative approach to examine the difficulties faced by the office tier, or ‘white collar’, workers who possess relatively high skills and who regarded as flexible and less vulnerable workers within the labour market. Yet this research exposes that highly skilled specialist workers are themselves also subject to unique issues when adjusting to the labour market. This topic is covered through the concept of worker trajectories: the research illustrates the unique employability issues and job precariousness that highly skilled workers can experience. The research concludes that the ability of highly skilled redundant workers to adapt effectively requires local job recovery strategies to implement short- and long-term policies with an emphasis on better job search and network development for individuals to sustain a resilient economy, and to mitigate the effects of plant closure upon redundant workers and maintain high skills within the region.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2003. / "December 1, 2003"--T.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Through engaging with hegemonic and counter-hegemonic discourses surrounding the Province of Ontario’s Community Housing Renewal Strategy (CHRS), this thesis examines the ways in which the criminalization and social assistance systems continue to be reimagined in ways that perpetuate inequality. The CHRS legislates the exclusion of criminalized individuals from accessing community housing. Drawing on Marxian punishment theory, the role of structural inequality as the foundation of such a policy is explored. A total of 150 documents comprise the final dataset; this includes newsprint media items, reports produced by non-governmental organizations, and Hansard transcripts. The analysis reveals a total of seven themes, which highlight how the CHRS is largely legitimized based on the principle of lesser eligibility. Through the hegemonic discourses, the recomposition and extension of the penal apparatus into the community housing sector is observed. Moreover, purveyors of counter-hegemonic discourses further illustrate this through highlighting the way in which the CHRS represents a state mechanism used to reproduce poverty and perpetuate its criminalization. In conclusion, future directions for research aiming to dismantle exclusive and punitive policies are suggested.

Probation and parole have become increasingly popular alternatives to incarceration over the past few decades due to efforts to reduce prison overcrowding and government spending. Successful reintegration and management of offenders in the community is hindered by a combination of individual, social, economic, and logistical factors. The frequency in which offenders are re-arrested after being released from correctional settings has serious implications for both the offenders and the community in which they reside due to additional human victimization, the costly use of taxpayer-funded resources, and continued legal involvement and sanctions. Rural and urban areas differ in terms of resource availability and cultural factors, but limited research informing the prevalence and needs of offenders living in rural areas exists. We conducted a review of the available literature to investigate the differences between the needs of offenders in rural and urban areas during reentry as well as the common barriers that hinder successful reintegration. We sought to determine crucial barriers to reentry and rural-specific concerns and needs to better inform future research and policy initiatives. The literature indicates that offenders transitioning into rural communities face many of the same obstacles as those transitioning into urban settings including difficulties securing housing, finding employment, complying with supervision requirements, locating reliable and affordable transportation, and avoiding substance use, reoffending, and other maladaptive behaviors. In rural areas, however, offenders encounter even more limited housing and employment opportunities, a lack of public transportation, higher rates of poverty, difficulties avoiding antisocial peers, and greater alcohol use rates. Providing mental health treatment to offenders in rural areas is impeded by stigmatization of mental health conditions, a shortage of treatment providers, a lack of resources for specialty treatment such as detox services for substance users, and a lack of referral sources. Probation and parole officers also face substantial obstacles to successfully supervise offenders in rural areas including a greater number of caseloads, greater geographical areas to cover, and fewer referral sources. Thus, our findings reveal that offenders in rural areas have diverse experiences of re-entry compared to those in urban areas. Further discussion regarding the need for rural-specific research to inform policies and practices for rural offender management and suggestions for future directions will be included.

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No description available.

This thesis aims at investigating numerical methods through which the accuracy in landing of a Mars entry-descent-landing (EDL) vehicle can be improved. The methods investigated include the collocation method and model predictive control (MPC). The primary control variable utilized in this study is the bank angle of the spacecraft, which is the angle between the lift vector and the vertical direction. Modulating this vector affects the equations of system of equations and the seven state variables, namely altitude, velocity, latitude, longitude, flight path angle, heading angle and total time taken. An optimizer is implemented which utilizes the collocation method, through which the optimal bank angle is found at every discretized state along the trajectory which are equally separated through a definite timestep, which is a function of the end time state. A 3-sigma wind disturbance model is introduced to the system, as a function of the altitude, which introduces uncertainties to the system, resulting in a final state deviating from the targeted location. The trajectory is split into two parts, for better control of the vehicle during the end stages of flight. The MPC aims at reducing the end state deviation, through the implementation of a predictor-corrector algorithm that propagates the trajectory for a certain number of timesteps, followed by running the optimizer from the current disturbed state to the desired target location. At the end of this analysis, a new set of optimal bank angle are found, which account for the wind disturbances and navigates the EDL vehicle to the desired location. / M.S. / Landing on Mars has always been a process of following a set of predetermined instructions by the spacecraft, in order to reach a calculated landing target. This work aims to take the first steps towards autonomy in maneuvering the spacecraft, and finding a method by which the vehicle navigates itself towards the target. This work determines the optimal control scheme a Mars reentry vehicle must have through the atmosphere to reach the target location, and employs method through which the uncertainty in the final landing location is mitigated. A model predictive controller is employed which corrects the disturbed trajectory of the vehicle at certain timesteps, through which the previously calculated optimal control is changed so as to account for the disturbances. The control is achieved by means of changing the bank angle of the spacecraft, which in turn affects the lift and drag experienced by the vehicle. Through this work, a method has been demonstrated which reduces the uncertainty in final landing location, even with wind disturbances present.

Globalization has driven the internationalization of both SMEs and large enterprises and has caused new opportunities and challenges to emerge. As a result of these new challenges, such as increased foreign competition, or due reasons such as lack of international experience, change in strategy, or dissatisfaction about their performance, many internationalized firms withdraw from their international operations. Permanent exit of international markets may not always be the best option. Re-entering these markets can be rewarding as the intangible resources gained from their initial internationalization experience may facilitate their international market re-entry, thereby having an advantage over newly internationalizing firms.   The main purpose of this study is to contribute to the concept of the re-internationalization process. This is done by exploring the relationship between international heritage and the different stages of the re-internationalization process, which consists out of: the initial internationalization experience, de-internationalization, the international time-out stage and the firm’s international market re-entry.   Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that SMEs apply international heritage differently, based on their level of resource commitment to the international market. This study shows that firms with a higher level of resource commitment tend to apply their international heritage on a global level, whereas firms that commit less resources only apply their international heritage in the market in which the international heritage was gained. Furthermore, while the disruptiveness of the market exit varied between the case companies, all four firms continued to commit resources to the exited market, albeit to varying degrees. Lastly, the empirical findings show that the role of international heritage is not a facilitating one, but that it causes the firm to be more careful.

Afin de mieux estimer la survivabilité des débris spatiaux lorsqu’ils retombent sur Terre (masse finale et surface meurtrie), la base de données matériaux du code DEBRISK du CNES nécessite d’être alimentée en propriétés dans le domaine des hautes températures (oxydation et émissivité principalement). Ainsi, cette thèse a été réalisée au laboratoire PROMES-CNRS sur l’étude expérimentale de l’oxydation dans des conditions de rentrée atmosphérique (plasma d’air, haute température et basse pression) de quatre alliages métalliques les plus difficiles à détruire (Invar 36, TA6V, 316L et 304L). L’émissivité totale directionnelle a également été mesurée à haute température et l’émissivité totale hémisphérique a été calculée pour ces quatrematériaux, sur des surfaces non oxydées, sous vide secondaire, mais aussi, pré-oxydées sous plasma d’air et oxydées in situ sous air standard. Les résultats ont montré pour l’ensemble des matériaux, que l’oxydation à haute température sous environnement d’oxygène atomique, était peu significative vis-à-vis des faibles gains ou pertes de masse obtenus (dépendant de l’alliage) par rapport aux masses initiales. Par contre, l’oxydation crée une forte modification de la surface – composition et morphologie – ce qui entraine une importante augmentation d’un facteur 3 voire 4 (dépendant de l’alliage) de l’émissivité totale des matériaux oxydés par rapport à celle des échantillons vierges, cette augmentation pouvant fortement retarder le processus de fusion pendant une trajectoire et par conséquent le calcul de la masse finale et de la surface meurtrie. De plus, il a été observé que l’émissivité des oxydes formés sous plasma d’air était généralement 10% supérieure à celles des oxydes formés sous air standard, d’où l’intérêt de mesurer l’émissivité sur des surfaces préalablement oxydées sous plasma d’air, caractéristique des conditions de rentrée atmosphérique des débris spatiaux. Finalement, il apparait plus judicieux d’implémenter dans les codes de rentrée atmosphérique, l’influence de l’oxydation sous plasma d’air sur l’émissivité plutôt que les cinétiques d’oxydation obtenues. / To better assess the survivability of space debris when they fall at ground (final mass and casualty area), the DEBRISK tool from CNES needs to feed its material database with properties at high temperatures (oxidation and emissivity mainly). Thus, this thesis was conducted at the PROMES-CNRS laboratory on the experimental study of oxidation in atmospheric re-entry conditions (air plasma, high temperature and low pressure) for four metallic alloys which are the most difficult to destroy (Invar 36, TA6V, 316L and 304L).The total directional emissivity was measured at high temperature for all the materials and the totalhemispherical emissivity calculated, on non-oxidized samples, in high vacuum, but also, on pre-oxidized samples under air plasma and on in situ oxidized ones in standard air. The experimental results have shown for all the materials that the oxidation at high temperature under air plasma was not significant, due to the obtaining of small mass gains or losses (depending of the alloy) compared to the initial masses. However, oxidation creates a huge modification of the surface – composition and morphology – that leads to a significant increase of the total emissivity of oxidized materials compared to the one of virgin samples by a factor 3 or even 4 (depending on the alloy) that can strongly delay the melting process during a trajectory andconsequently the calculation of the final mass and the casualty area. Moreover, it was observed that the emissivity of oxides formed under air plasma was generally 10% higher than those formed in air standard, hence the interest to perform emissivity measurements on pre-oxidized samples under air plasma conditions, representative of the atmospheric re-entry conditions of space debris. Finally, it would be more judicious to implement in the atmospheric reentry tools, the influence of the oxidation under air plasma on the emissivity rather than the kinetics of oxidation obtained.