Elementary teachers in a school district in a western state expressed concerns about the reading achievement of students with disabilities (SWDs). SWDs were not developing decoding, comprehension, and fluency skills to become proficient readers. Without mastering these skills, SWDs will experience diminished academic attainment in their school career. To address this problem, teachers in elementary learning centers (LCs) within the district implemented Reader's Theater (RT), an evidenced-based reading approach that incorporates repeated readings using drama-based activities. The purpose of this qualitative bounded case study was to explore elementary LC teachers' use and implementation of RT to improve reading performance with SWDs. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences served as the conceptual framework for this study. A purposeful sample of 2 LC teachers who implemented RT with SWDs volunteered to participate in semistructured interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using open coding. The 2 LC teachers noted that RT was useful to increase SWDs' willingness to read, reading fluency, and student investment by integrating repeated reading opportunities in drama-based activities. Based on the research findings, a 3-day RT professional development workshop was developed to assist elementary LC teachers in the district to teach early reading skills to SWDs. This endeavor may contribute to positive social change by providing LC teachers with knowledge about RT that is useful in improving SWDs' fluency, decoding, and comprehension skills and, ultimately, enhancing their reading achievement.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000415678-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 1886060 bytes, checksum: 92ae93705b398a997b73953e5cf96b21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / This work has as main objective the analysis of the formation of the polar opposite direction of the american way of life in the field of magazine Selecciones del Reader's Digest between 1940 and 1950. Accordingly, it is not an analysis of the myth of the american way of life, even if the issue be considered during the search, but an attempt to consider the significance of the myth that political stereotypes through the study of an of communication. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal a análise do processo de constituição do sentido dos antípodas do american way of life nas matérias da revista Selecciones del Reader´s Digest entre 1940 e 1950. Nesse sentido, não se trata de uma análise do mito do american way of life, ainda que o tema seja considerado ao longo da pesquisa, mas, sim, de uma tentativa de considerar a significação dos estereótipos políticos daquele mito através do estudo de um meio de comunicação.

Boualem Sansal entre tardivement en littérature, ce qui lui confère un certain recul sur les difficultés auxquelles se trouvent confrontés le roman algérien francophone de la décennie noire. Aux yeux de l’auteur, la première de ces difficultés serait l’aphasie, corrélative d’un référent aussi opaque que douloureux. Cette aphasie serait aussi la conséquence du relativisme prudent des romanciers démocrates-laïques qui se traduirait, sur un plan littéraire, par des romans muselés par le doute et l’autocensure. Et, quand bien même ces romanciers parviendraient à dépasser l’indicible, un autre écueil les guetterait : leur statut linguistique particulier les exposerait à n’être véritablement reçus ni en Algérie, ni en Occident. L’ensemble de ces phénomènes formerait alors une zone inaccessible. Mû par la volonté de défendre ses convictions de démocrate laïc, l’auteur met tout en œuvre pour entrer dans cette zone. Mais même si, la notoriété venant, il s’ouvre à l’essai ainsi qu’à une abondante parole médiatique pour diffuser l’engagement qui conditionne sa démarche, c’est sur le terrain du roman que s’exerce principalement sa recherche. Le chemin qu’emprunte le roman sansalien passe par une revalorisation complémentaire du discours engagé et de la fiction, entendue comme droit à inventer et à renouer avec tous les plaisirs du romanesque. Décidé à trouver un équilibre entre un roman à thèse autoritariste et un roman sans thèse relativiste, Boualem Sansal théorise également, et ce dès son premier roman, le rôle du lecteur. C’est lui qui, seul, permettrait de sortir véritablement de l’impasse. L’auteur transforme alors son œuvre en une propédeutique qui forme à des pratiques de réception responsables et autonomes, pratiques que le lecteur est invité à réinvestir dans sa vie citoyenne. / Having entered literary world quite lately in his life, Boualem Sansal has benefited from a precious hindsight on the difficulties experienced by Algeria’s black decade novelists. Dealing with an extremely intricate and painful political context that threatened to result in a muffled and self-censored literature, these latter has also had to tackle an awkward position between Algerian and Western countries’ public expectations making them unheard on both sides. Eager to defend and disseminate his secular-democratic vision of the society, Sansal has spared no effort to break with this deadly aphasia. Even if, with increasing recognition, he has decided to explore new forms of expression such as essay and to be more present on the media sphere, he soon realized that the real way-out of impotence is to find precisely in his literary work by reconciling a strongly committed speech with the power of pure literary fiction. Pursuing, novel after novel, his endeavour to reach this zone, he theorises a new key role for his reader to whom he asks to become more autonomous and responsible in his practice. Reading experience thus become a training area to acquire necessary skills for an active citizenship, the only way, in Sansal’s mind, to break general apathy threatening his democratic ideal.

The master thesis is focused on professional and user-generated metadata with emphasis on content metadata. It describes metadata in general, their important characteristics, functions, and types, and defines other related terms. The professional content metadata and user-generated metadata are described in more detail. The analytical part aims to compare professional and user-generated content metadata. For this purpose, a dataset of metadata statements on fiction books collected from dozens of databases was used. It also aims to determine whether user-generated metadata bring additional information to metadata created by professionals.

The purpose of this project was to prepare a script for group interpretation based upon the theme of "alienation" as it occurs in selected works of contemporary American poets. The script was produced for an audience on the North Texas State University campus under the direction of the writer. The thesis includes the script, a discussion of the process of adaptation, and an evaluation of the production. The evaluation is based, in part upon the written critiques of four expert guest critics.

The main topic of the master's thesis is the phenomenon of Islamism in the Francophone Maghrebian literature. It focuses on the translation of novels from the region of Maghreb into the Czech language and on the reception of this type of literature in the Czech and French culture and society. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical one. The main aim of the theoretical part is to be interdisciplinary; it explains the main concepts of the political science such as the concept of a nation or of immigration policies. Only a good understanding of these policies can lead to the full comprehension of Islamism in Western countries. Moreover, this part presents the main topics of translation studies, i.e. postcolonial studies, after the cultural turn and the main characteristics of the Maghrebian literature. The second part of the thesis deals with the reception of novels about Islamism in France and in the Czech Republic and analyses the Czech translation of a novel written by Boualem Sansal. Key words Arabic culture, Islamism, Francophone literature, Maghreb, translation, reception, Boualem Sansal

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les contraintes lectoriales susceptibles d’exercer une influence sur les décisions du traducteur de la littérature de jeunesse en se servant d’un grand corpus composé des traductions chinoises des contes de Charles Perrault (1910-2016). Elle s’articule autour de trois questions centrales : Qu’est-ce que les contraintes lectoriales ? Quelles sont les contraintes lectoriales en traduction de la littérature enfantine ? Quelles sont les contraintes lectoriales qui ont existé dans la pratique traductive chinoise des contes de Perrault ? Pour mener à bien cette investigation, nous avons suivi les trois étapes suivantes : 1) à la lumière des travaux traductologiques antérieurs, nous avons d’abord tenté de définir la notion de « contrainte lectoriale » et de proposer un modèle d’analyse qui permet de mieux saisir les décisions traductives prises en situation de ces contraintes ; 2) nous focalisant ensuite sur la littérature de jeunesse, champ d’application de notre problématique, nous avons ensuite relevé, de manière générale, les spécificités du lectorat enfantin à l’appui des discours théoriques de la littérature de jeunesse et de la pédopsychologie ; 3) à la fin, une longue partie a été consacrée aux analyses du corpus, lesquelles seront en mesure de tester les hypothèses que nous avons formulé dans le développement théorique et de révéler les normes traductives propres à la traduction pour la jeunesse en Chine à une époque donnée. D’un point de vue communicationnel de la traduction, les contraintes lectoriales constituent pour nous l’ensemble hétérogène des facteurs liés au sujet lisant et pouvant entraver la liberté du traducteur dans sa prise de décisions. Elles varient selon le temps et l’espace avec les changements dans la langue-culture d’accueil, dans notre cas le contexte d’arrivée chinois. / The present thesis aims to study the “reader’s constraints” that can influence the decisions of the translator of children’s literature by using a large corpus of Chinese translations of Charles Perrault’s tales (1910-2016). It focuses on three central questions: What are the “reader’s constraints”? What are the “reader’s constraints” in the translation of children's literature? Which are the “reader’s constraints” that existed in the Chinese translation of Perrault's tales? To carry out this investigation, we have followed the three steps outlined below: 1) in the light of previous research in translation studies, we first tried to define the notion of "reader’s constraint" and propose a model of analysis that allows us to find the translational decisions made in the context of those constraints; 2) then we have focused on the children’s literature, in order to examine the features of the young readers by aid of the theoretical discourses of youth literature and child psychology; 3) finally, a long section has been devoted to the analyzes of the corpus, which will be able to test the hypothesis formulated in our theoretical development and to reveal the translational norms which can be applicated to the translation for the youth in China at a given time. From a communicational view of translation, the reader’s constraints constitute a heterogeneous set of factors related to the reader and which can hinder the translator's freedom in his decision-making. They vary according to time and space with changes in the target language-culture, which is the Chinese context in case of our study.

Influencé par le monde artistique et théâtral qui se transformait autour de lui pendant les années soixante et soixante-dix, Shepard va expérimenter lors de sa résidence d’écriture au Magic Theatre, une nouvelle manière d’écrire le théâtre pour ses spectateurs, à travers la confrontation entre texte et scène, personnages et acteurs, action dramatique et performance.Comment lire alors les pièces de cette période? Notre thèse propose d’examiner comment l’acteur, le son, la performance et l’expérience sensorielle du spectateur, sont inscrits dans les textes de notre corpus. Notre travail vise à montrer, à travers la prépondérance intentionnelle de ces éléments dans le texte, comment le texte de Shepard ne s’adresse pas à un simple lecteur mais à un lecteur/spectateur. En effet, contrairement aux autres textes littéraires, le texte de théâtre trouve son actualisation sur scène. Le spectateur est donc celui qui construit le sens in fine de la pièce de théâtre. Notre thèse examine en quoi les pièces de Shepard doivent, pour être comprises, être en partie élucidées par la scène. Notre travail a comme objectif donc d’identifier des éléments scéniques inscrits dans le texte de théâtre et de proposer des outils opérationnels pour les décrire. Il s’agit d’élaborer les prémisses d’une théorie du spectateur implicite pour l’oeuvre de Shepard, dans le but de pouvoir étudier plus rigoureusement le programme de réception inscrit dans son oeuvre. / Influenced by the evolution of the artistic and theatrical context during the nineteen sixties and the nineteen seventies, Shepard began to experiment at the Magic Theatre with an innovative approach to writing theater for his audience. His approach was to confront the text and the stage, the characters and the actors, dramatic action and performance.How should one read Shepard’s plays from this period? Our study suggests that the actor, sound, performance and the sensory experience of the spectator are written within the texts of our corpus. Through our observation of the predominance of these elements in the texts themselves, our thesis demonstrates how Shepard’s text does not simply address the reader but reaches out to the reader/ spectator. The theatrical text, unlike other literary texts, reveals its essence on stage. In a play, it is the spectator that builds the meaning in fine. Our thesis examines how Shepard’s plays need to be clarified by the stage in order to be understood. The objective of our study is to identify the stage elements written within the text, and to draw out some methodological tools to describe them. The idea is to elaborate a theory of the “implicit spectator” for Shepard’s work, with the aim of studying more rigorously the reader’s response program inscribed in his works.

(in English): The focus of this diploma thesis is disillusion in the works of the contemporary novelist Ian McEwan, particularly in his twenty-first century novels. The thesis analyses the disillusionment of the reader based on McEwan's work with traditional narratives and the reader's expectations, which is achieved through the employment of the unreliable narrator in Atonement (2001) and Sweet Tooth (2012), depiction of self-deception in Saturday (2005) and Solar (2010), and the misunderstanding on the interpersonal and intrapersonal level in On Chesil Beach (2007) and The Children Act (2014). The analysis uses the method of close reading and critical evaluation through the hermeneutic process in combination with Iser's theory about the reader, Foucault's definition of discourse and some generally accepted ideas based on psychology. The analysis reveals that Ian McEwan uses disillusion in his novels as a device through which he tries to encourage the reader to critically evaluate the reader's preconceptions about the world, the conventional narratives, and the roles the reader ascribes to him/herself and to the society around him/herself. By allowing the reader to build his/her expectations of the story's denouement and then crushing them, McEwan points out the reader's routine regarding a given...

The diploma thesis is focused on the condition of contemporary teenage reading. It ascertains the basic attributes of the chosen basic school pupils' reading. The thesis occupies with characteristic signs of pupil's reader's behaviour, their reader's interests and attitudes, it describes their relation to reading. It also looks at various factors influencing the development of children's reading. The thesis studies the position of reading in competition for other leisure activities of today's teenagers. It researches as well if present teenage reading really is "in crisis" as the level of reading literacy of czech pupils declines, which is shown in latest results of international researches. The theoretical part shows the basic characteristics of teenage reading in regard of progression specifics of the given age group. It is occupied with the way the school literary education influnces the teenage reading, too. It also studies the reading literacy and its position in the basic curriculum document for basic schools. The thesis gives a brief insight into the readership research history in the Czech Republic with emphasy on the results of topical researches as well. The aim of the empiric part of the thesis is to describe the present state of teenage reading of the pupils from the chosen basic...