No description available.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of this research paper is to study which methods teachers are using to develop children’s reading and writing skills. The purpose is also to investigate necessarily conditions to individualize the teaching of reading and writing.</p><p>The qualitative research is based on interviews with six elementary school teachers. The interviewed teachers think that it is important to see every child individually to be able to develop the reading and writing skills. Education can only be stimulating and delightful when it is individualized. In spite of this, the result shows that the majority of the teachers are using only one method when teaching children reading and writing. The teachers agree that there should be collaboration with the children’s previous teachers to be able to know each child faster. Mapping and documentation are also useful for teachers. The result of the study also shows that computers and fiction books are good complements to the regular reading and writing teaching. The most common reading and writing methods among the teachers are a combination of the sound imitating method and the full word method. Success in individualizing depends on the access of remedial teacher and the number of stand by teachers. Furthermore, it is immensely important that all teaching is well thought-out and well planned, according to the interviewed teachers.</p><p>My conclusions are that teachers have to offer a lot of different methods in order to get all children the same conditions for their learning. I feel that it’s important to meet and see every child and their needs. To be able to do so teachers must vary their approach when children learn to read and write.</p>

Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to study which methods teachers are using to develop children’s reading and writing skills. The purpose is also to investigate necessarily conditions to individualize the teaching of reading and writing. The qualitative research is based on interviews with six elementary school teachers. The interviewed teachers think that it is important to see every child individually to be able to develop the reading and writing skills. Education can only be stimulating and delightful when it is individualized. In spite of this, the result shows that the majority of the teachers are using only one method when teaching children reading and writing. The teachers agree that there should be collaboration with the children’s previous teachers to be able to know each child faster. Mapping and documentation are also useful for teachers. The result of the study also shows that computers and fiction books are good complements to the regular reading and writing teaching. The most common reading and writing methods among the teachers are a combination of the sound imitating method and the full word method. Success in individualizing depends on the access of remedial teacher and the number of stand by teachers. Furthermore, it is immensely important that all teaching is well thought-out and well planned, according to the interviewed teachers. My conclusions are that teachers have to offer a lot of different methods in order to get all children the same conditions for their learning. I feel that it’s important to meet and see every child and their needs. To be able to do so teachers must vary their approach when children learn to read and write.

No description available.

"I mi himtham, ath'o huhug heg jeveḍ." The statement above basically means 'in time, the world will end'. My father said this when he saw something that he did not like involving O'otham Himthag and Ñeok. I began teaching in the classroom to help in revitalizing our language and culture. Learning to read and write linked with teaching the language in the classroom. Akimel O'otham did not have an orthography until 2009 and today Gila River is still adjusting and learning to utilize this new orthography today. If Gila River Akimel O'otham wants to avoid the 'Big Ka-boom' does it mean we should start to read and write in O'otham to learn how to talk our language? While attending the University of Arizona's American Indian Language Development Institute (AILDI) I came across many tribes that have an orthography, others were working on one and some did not have one at all. I learned that reading and writing could benefit Gila River especially if we are at the point where persons 55 years and older are the only speakers. It is sad to say but these speakers will be gone one of these days. Gila River must have a plan in archiving Akimel O'otham Culture and Language in written and voice recordings to support the teaching of the language. The language and linguistics classes I took with instructors Luis Barragan and Stacey Oberly have expanded my knowledge in linguistics which encouraged me do reading and writing in the Akimel O'otham language. My language is an awesome language to study, full of surprising wonderments I never knew. I hope the Akimel O'otham world will not end; it is time to wake up, because it is time for the beginning.

Orientador: Cyntia Graziella Guizelim Simões Girotto / Banca: Rony Farto Pereira / Banca: Suely amaral Mello / Resumo: O objeto de estudo deste trabalho são a brincadeira de faz-de-conta e as atividades produtivas como bases orientadoras à aquisição da escrita e da leitura na infância. Com base nisto, o objetivo central desta pesquisa foi a análise da articulação dos aprendizados possíveis na Educação Infantil e a criação de novas necessidades de conhecimento no Ensino Fundamental, especialmente no que se relaciona à educação das crianças do primeiro ano desse nível de escolaridade formal. A fim de alcançar esse objetivo, utilizei o Enfoque Histórico-Cultural como teoria embasadora à compreensão de algumas teses essenciais a este trabalho: o desenvolvimento humano, os períodos sensitivos, as atividades principais, a concepção de homem, criança e infância. Além do estudo teórico, realizei uma pesquisa empírica. Observei e anotei as situações vividas em duas turmas de primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, Vera Cruz (SP) em um diário de bordo, baseada em algumas categorias de observação: espaço, material, atividade, rotina, relação, criança. Com a busca da unidade entre teoria e prática, mediante a análise da coleta de dados, a partir das noções de criança e de infância, pude refletir sobre a questão propulsora desta investigação: a antecipação da escolaridade garante ou não o desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional da criança de maneira ampla e harmônica? As análises realizadas permitiram algumas considerações finais: a prática educativa ainda não se constitui como motivadora de um amplo desenvolvimento das crianças, particularmente daquelas observadas, uma vez que a rotina educativa desconsidera o valor de atividades essenciais às aprendizagens infantis, tais como a brincadeira, os jogos de construção, o desenho, a dança, a pintura, a modelagem. A escola organizada para o Ensino Fundamental não... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The object of study of this research are the make believe game and the productive activities as guide foundations to the writing and reading acquirement in childhood. Based on this, the central objective of this search was the articulation analysis of the possible apprenticeships in Infantile Education and the creation of new knowledge necessities in Fundamental Education, especially in what refers to first grade child education from this level of formal primary school. In order to reach this objective, I used the Historical Cultural Focus as foundation theory to the comprehension of some essential thesis to this study: the human development, the sensitive periods, the main activities, the man, the child and the childhood conceptions. Beyond the theoretical study, I achieved an empiric research. I observed and made notes on the living situations from two first grade group of the Fundamental Education, at Vera Cruz city (SP) in a logbook, based on some observation categories: space, material, activity, routine, relationship, and child. Searching the unity between the theory and practice, by the analysis of data collects, from the child and the childhood notions, I could reflect about a propulsive question of this investigation: Does the anticipation of the primary education warrant or doesn't the child emotional and cognitive development in an amplified and harmonic way? The achieved analysis allowed some final considerations: the educational practical hasn't constituted itself yet as motivating to children's amplified development, particularly to those were observed, since the educational routine doesn't consider the value of essential activities to the infantile apprenticeships as the children's play, the construction games, the drawings, the dance, the painting, the molding. The organized school to the Fundamental Education doesn't structure itself in an appropriate... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

The aim of this work is to elucidate changes in the function and position attributed to the general reading and writing instruction. The studies focus on the description and the analysis of the content and form of this instruction as they are expressed in texts for the educational practice during the period 1842-1982. It is also the aim of this historical study to try to contribute tò a greater understanding of the inadequate skills in reading and writing observed among Swedish pupils. Theoretically, the work is based on a structural point of view and on a materialistic outlook on history. Education is regarded as a matter of social and cultural reproduction. Reading and writing are regarded as social and cultural phenomena. The function and position that, explicitly or implicitly, are attributed to the general reading and writing instruction are also regarded as important factors. The empiric material includes, inter alia, Riksdag documents, official curricula, readers, teacher's manuals and school inspector reports. These texts are analyzed in the light of educational and societal conditions and changes. The study presents a survey of the general reading and writing instruction during the aforesaid period. The report provides many examples of how economic, political and ideological conditions in society are expressed in texts for the educational practice. It also shows the influence of the dominating class of society on the prescribed content and form of this instruction. The study shows that the function and position attributed to reading and writing instruction have varied over time. A qualifying and an ideological function can be discerned and a subordinate and a dominant position can be observed. The report shows the changes in the emphasis on function and position and in the prescribed content and form of the instruction. The problem of the pupils' inadequate reading and writing abilities has recurrently been brought up during this period. One aspect of this problem concerns the skills that the pupils are supposed to learn. The second aspect concerns the demands that can be made on their ability. / digitalisering@umu

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri State University, 2009. / "May 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-42). Also available online.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 hernandes_edk_dr_mar.pdf: 3622900 bytes, checksum: 3fd0561f038cce18fca08cfac4f1e27f (MD5) / Embora os desafios presentes nos processos de Alfabetização e de Formação Docente tenham sido amplamente revisitados nas últimas décadas, acreditamos que a superação desses desafios depende, em parte, da reflexão sobre as concepções e práticas das docentes alfabetizadoras. Nessa direção, esse projeto teve a intenção de identificar quais os efeitos do Programa de Formação de Alfabetizadores – Letra e Vida - em salas de aula da região de Assis; como esses impactos se traduziram em revisão dos procedimentos didáticos das professoras; e quais os resultados significativos detectados no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Para isso, optamos adotar como ferramenta metodológica a pesquisaação, por ser uma metodologia de pesquisa científica que pressupõe, em seu referencial teórico o caráter formativo-emancipatório do pesquisador e dos sujeitos envolvidos na pesquisa. Embasados nessa metodologia, os dados obtidos foram discutidos, refletidos, apropriados e ressignificados pela pesquisadora e pelo grupo de professores participantes, transformando-se assim, gradativamente, em novos conhecimentos, durante todo o processo reflexivo desta pesquisa-ação. A análise dos resultados do Sistema de avaliação do Rendimento Escolar de São Paulo – SARESP - serviu como parâmetro para identificar possíveis avanços e lacunas existentes nas práticas das docentes alfabetizadoras, bem como, na implementação do Programa de Formação de Alfabetizadores que participaram. O acompanhamento do trabalho realizado em sala de aula, a coleta de depoimentos das professoras e a realização de reuniões, da pesquisadora com as professoras, ocorreram em diferentes momentos, organizados a partir das situações relevantes que emergiram durante o processo de pesquisa-ação. / While the challenges existing in the process of Reading and Writing and the Education of Teachers have been largely revisited in the last decades, we believe that the overcoming of those challenges depend, partly, on the meditation, on the conceptions and the teachers’ practice on reading and writing. Therefore, this project has had the intention of identifying what were the Education Program effects on Reading and Writing Teachers – Letra e Vida – in classrooms in the region of Assis; how those impacts were transformed into revision of the teacher’s educational procedures; and which were the significant results noticed in the student’s learning process. In order to do that, we decided to adopt as a methodological tool the research-action because it is a methodology of the scientific research that foresees, in its theoretical referential, the formativeemancipator quality of the researcher and the subjects involved in the research. Based on it, the data obtained were discussed, considered and adapted by the researcher and the participating teachers group, then it was transformed, progressively, into new knowledge during the whole speculative process of this research-action. The analysis of the Scholar Productivity Evaluation System of São Paulo’s results – SARESP – has helped as a parameter to identify coming advancements and existing gaps in the teachers of reading and writing’s assignments as well as in the implementation of the Teachers’ Education Program on Reading and Writing they participated. The attendance of the work accomplished with the students in classroom, the collection of testimonies from the teachers and the execution of meetings with the researcher and the teachers took place in different moments which were organized from relevant situations that came out during the research-action process.

Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap om vilka anpassningar och strategier specialpedagoger och speciallärare använder i undervisningssammanhang för att diskutera hur klasslärare kan stödja läs- och skrivutvecklingen för elever med dyslexi. Med studien söker jag svar på hur arbetet kring elever med dyslexi ser ut samt vilken hjälp och vilket stöd lärare kan få från specialpedagog eller speciallärare. I bakgrunden presenteras information som kan vara betydelsefull vid fortsatt läsning och för att bli mer insatt i ämnet. Studien utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv som presenteras i teoriavsnittet. Jag har valt att genomföra en kvalitativ studie där jag genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre specialpedagoger och två speciallärare. Studiens resultat visar på att grundorsaken till dyslexi är att eleven har en nedsatt fonologisk medvetenhet vilket ger konsekvenser på elevens stavning och avkodning. Detta kan vara betydelsefullt för klasslärare att ha kunskap om för att kunna upptäcka om eleven har dyslexi. För att veta om en elev har dyslexi genomförs en kartläggning av elevens fonologiska medvetenhet av skolans specialpedagog för att se om det finns indikationer till dyslexi. Arbetssätten ser snarlika ut för elever med dyslexi och för elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Vad som oftast skiljer sig är kompenserade verktyg i form av surfplatta eller dator. Det visar sig även att elever med dyslexi kan träna på sina svårigheter men behöver hitta strategier för att utvecklas. I resultatet presenteras också att det är betydelsefullt att arbeta med Bornholmsmodellen i förskoleklass. Detta gynnar alla elever men framförallt elever med dyslexi då de tidigt får träna på den fonologiska medvetenheten med hjälp av språklekar. Trots att specialpedagogers roll i skolan är att arbeta för eleven och speciallärare med eleven är de sällan i klassrummet men de kan träffa eleven för intensiva träningsperioder och exempelvis ge klassläraren stöd i form av tips på anpassningar och insatser och utvärdera dessa. Det finns inte bara ett specifikt arbetssätt som passar alla elever med dyslexi. Alla elever är olika och undervisningen bör individanpassas efter den enskilde elevens förutsättningar. Om undervisningen individanpassas blir klassrummet inkluderande. Det ger goda förutsättningar att ha en skola för alla vilket grundskolans läroplan fastslår (Skolverket, 2016). / The purpose of the study is to provide knowledge of the adjustments and strategies special pedagogues and remedial teachers use in teaching contexts to discuss how class teachers can support reading and writing development for pupils with dyslexia in the classroom. With this study, I want to find answers about how the work around dyslexia pupils looks like and what assistance and support class teachers can receive from special pedagogues or remedial teachers. In the background, information is presented that may be of importance for the understanding of the study. The study is based on a socio-cultural perspective which is presented in the theory section. I have chosen to implement a qualitative study in which I used semi-structured interviews with three special pedagogues and two remedial teachers. The study's results indicate that the primary cause of dyslexia is that the pupil has a reduced phonological awareness, which has consequences for the pupil's spelling and word decoding. To know if a pupil is dyslectic, a pedagogical survey is conducted by the school´s special pedagogue to see if there are indications of dyslexia. The methods used in literacy teaching are similar to pupils with dyslexia and for pupils with reading and writing difficulties. What most often differ are compensatory tools in the form of iPad or computer. It also turns out that pupils with dyslexia can practice their difficulties but need to find strategies to develop them. It is also presented in the result that it is fruitful to work with the “Bornholmsmodellen” in pre-school class. This favors all pupils, but especially pupils with dyslexia, as they can train the phonological awareness early by using games about language. Although the role of special pedagogues in the school is to work for the pupil and remedial teachers with the pupil, they are rarely in the classroom but they can meet the pupil for intense training periods and, for example, giving the class teacher support in the form of tips on adjustments and interventions and evaluate these. There is not one specific way of working that fits pupils with dyslexia. All pupils are different and the teaching should be individualized according to the individual pupil's conditions. If the teaching is individualized, the classroom will be inclusive, this assume good conditions for having a school for all kind of pupils which Sweden’s elementary school's curriculum establishes (Skolverket, 2016).