The main idea was to create dignified and functional building of new museum with captivating exposition and also with functions such as laboratiories, workshops and depsitory and thus serve the whole process of archeological work. To provide the area with demanding visitor supply are also designed functions such as wellness, restaurant and tourist accomodation. Also accomodation for emplyees is designed and could be rent for visitors when not used. The whole area should create new center in Znojmo Hradiště.

Hållbarhet är ett ämne som är aktuellt i många länder i världen. Social hållbarhet har i relation till ekologisk och ekonomisk hållbarhet haft mindre fokus, men har växt alltmer de senaste åren. Social hållbarhet är särskilt viktig när det kommer till sjukhus med avseende på deras känsliga natur gentemot sjukhusets användare. I denna studie avgränsas sjukhusets användare främst till patienter och vårdpersonal, men även besökare. Sjukhusmiljön har en avgörande roll när det kommer till patientens läkningsprocess och vårdpersonalens arbetsplats. Sjukhus är även en plats där människor med olika bakgrund, förutsättningar och behov samlas vilket gör att social hållbarhet är en viktig aspekt att ta hänsyn till vid ombyggnad av sjukhus. I denna studie undersöks det hur projektledare uppfattar social hållbarhet och hur de arbetar med det vid ombyggnad av sjukhus med avseende på sjukhusets användare. För att besvara de frågeställningar som ställs i studien har intervjuer med sju projektledare och en hållbarhetsansvarig på ett landstingsägt fastighetsbolag utförts. Fastighetsbolaget förvaltar och utvecklar vårdfastigheter i ett av Sveriges större landsting. Vidare har även litteratur inom ämnet studerats för att i kombination med intervjuerna uppfylla studiens syfte och besvara studiens frågeställningar.  Resultatet av denna studie visar att projektledare har en relativt god uppfattning om vad social hållbarhet är, baserat på den teori som har studerats, men att de inte alltid arbetar med det i projekt på ett medvetet och strukturerat sätt. Begreppets breda omfattning och otydlighet är faktorer som projektledare tar upp som problem i arbetet med social hållbarhet vid ombyggnad av sjukhus. Vidare påvisar denna studie att projektledare arbetar med social hållbarhet, men inte med en systematisk syn på vad begreppet innebär. För att säkerställa att projektledare har goda förutsättningar i arbetet med social hållbarhet bör begreppet ha en tydlig definition. Kommunikationen kring begreppet bör också vara tydlig, både inom organisationen och inom projektet. Det finns även utrymme att förbättra de verktyg som projektledaren har till hands i projekt. / Sustainability is a subject that is relevant in many countries of the world. There has been less focus on social sustainability in relation to ecological and economic sustainability, but it has been growing more and more in recent years. Social sustainability is particularly important when it comes to hospitals in terms of their sensitive nature regarding the hospital users. In this study, ‘hospital users’ refer to patients, health care staff and visitors. The hospital environment plays a crucial role in the patient's healing process and the health care staff's work place. A hospital is also a place where people with different backgrounds, conditions and needs gather, which means that social sustainability is an important aspect to take into account in the rebuilding of hospitals. This study examines how project managers perceive social sustainability and how they work with it in rebuilding of hospitals with regard to hospital users. In order to answer the questions posed in the study, interviews with seven project managers and a sustainability manager at a county council owned real estate company have been conducted. The real estate company operates and develops health care properties in a larger county council in Sweden. Furthermore, literature within the subject has been studied in order to fulfill the study's purpose and to answer the questions, in combination with the interviews. The result of this study shows that project managers have a relatively good idea of what social sustainability is, but that they do not always work with it in projects in a conscious and structured way. The broad scope and the ambiguity of the concept are factors that are seen as problematic by the project managers when working with social sustainability in the rebuilding of hospitals. Furthermore, this study shows that project managers work with social sustainability, but not with a systematic view of what the concept means. In order to ensure that project managers have adequate prerequisites in the work with social sustainability, the concept should have a clear definition. Communication about the concept should also be clear, both within the organization and within the project. More over, the study shows that there is room for improvement of the tools that the project manager has at hand in projects.

Qu’est ce qui explique la faiblesse d’un Etat qui s’est engagé depuis plus de vingt ans à rompre avec les pratiques de l’autoritarisme et du néo-patrimonialisme ? Pourquoi les promesses d’une démocratisation réussie, malgré le soutien massif des acteurs de la « société internationale » ont paradoxalement débouché sur la déstabilisation de l’Etat dans un contexte de crises récurrentes ? Ce sont les interrogations principales qui orientent cette recherche qui se donne pour ambition d’étudier les processus par lesquels les élites et les masses haïtiennes s’approprient la démocratie. De ce point de vue, la démocratisation s’analyse comme une ressource politique et institutionnelle revendiquée par ces dernières comme élément probant de leur adhésion à la grammaire démocratique. Dès lors, il s’agit de scruter les routes sinueuses et chaotiques empruntées par la démocratisation en Haïti, en interrogeant les diverses séquences marquantes de l’histoire politique haïtienne. L’accent est mis sur l’importation des technologies institutionnelles d’origine occidentale, notamment durant la période ouverte en 1994 avec la réinstallation de Jean-Bertrand Aristide dans ses fonctions de président et celle qui commence en 2004 avec son départ forcé du pouvoir. Ces deux séquences historiques, sous-tendues par des plans de reconstruction de l’Etat, sont marquées par la mobilisation de ressources diverses, en vue de jeter les bases d’une nouvelle gouvernance politique et économique. Elles circonscrivent également un champ de représentations conflictuelles, caractérisé par la compétition entre les Etats occidentaux et la lutte pour la répartition des enjeux de puissance entre les organisations internationales et les élites locales. L’analyse du processus de démocratisation conduit à des observations paradoxales : l’exacerbation de la violence, l’actualisation de l’autoritarisme, la multiplication des situations déviantes découlant des stratégies des acteurs locaux. Ces derniers tentent d’échapper aux contraintes imposées par des acteurs externes qui interviennent afin de sanctionner, d’arbitrer et d’imposer des décisions aux factions en luttes pour le pouvoir. Ainsi, la démocratisation passe par des crises d’adaptation, des phases contradictoires de recomposition, d’hybridation des institutions importées et parfois de contournement des normes et procédures. Entre les acteurs internes et externes s’établit et s’organise une dynamique interactive qui influence l’Etat dont la configuration finale est loin de correspondre aux objectifs affichés à travers les réformes engagées. Afin de mieux mettre en évidence les traits distinctifs de cet Etat forgé dans l’incertitude et l’imprécision, la thèse propose de restituer les dynamiques et l’historicité propres à la société haïtienne, en privilégiant l’hypothèse de la réinvention de l’Etat. Paradoxalement, l’État peut être le produit de processus de violence et la part chaotique que comporte la situation en Haïti peut recéler les prémices de sa construction. / What does explain the weakness of a State which has committed more than 20 years to break with the practices of authoritarianism and neo-patrimonialism? Why the promises of a successful democratization, despite the massive support of the actors of the “international society” paradoxically led to the destabilization of the State in the context of recurrent crises? These are the key questions guiding this research, whose ambition is to study the processes by which elites and the Haitian masses appropriate democracy. From this point of view, democratization is analyzed as a political and institutional resource claimed by them as convincing evidence of their adherence to democratic grammar. Therefore, it is scrutinizing the winding roads and chaotic way borrowed by democratization in Haiti, by querying various striking sequences of Haitian political history. Emphasis is placed on the importation of institutional technologies of Western origin, particularly during the period opened in 1994 with the resettlement of Jean-Bertrand Aristide in his duties as president and on the period which starts in 2004 with his forced departure from power. These two historical sequences, underpinned by plans for the reconstruction of the State, are marked by the mobilization of various resources, with a view to laying the foundations for new political and economic governance. They also define a field of conflicting representations, characterized by competition between Western States and the struggle for the distribution of power between the international organizations and local elites issues.The analysis of the process of democratization leads to paradoxical representations: the exacerbation of violence, the updating of authoritarianism, the multiplication of deviant situations arising from the strategies of local actors. The latter are trying to escape from the constraints imposed by external actors involved in order to punish, to arbitrate and to impose decisions on the factions struggling for power. Thus, democratization goes hand in hand with crises of adaptation, contradictory phases of re-composition, hybridization of the imported institutions and, sometimes with circumvention of the standards and procedures. Between internal and external actors are settled and organized interactive dynamics that influence the State of which the final configuration is far short of the objectives set out through the aimed reforms. In order to better highlight the distinguishing features of this State forged in uncertainty and vagueness, the thesis proposes to analyze the dynamics and historicity of Haitian society, privileging, the hypothesis of the reinvention of the State. Paradoxically, the State may be the product of process of violence and the chaotic part that includes the situation in Haiti can conceal the beginning of its construction.

L’échec de l’opération des Nations Unies Restore Hope conduite en Somali sous le leadership des États-Unis d’Amérique et le génocide rwandais de 1994 ont modifié les rapports du monde occidental aux conflits armés internes en Afrique. D’une volonté initiale affichée en faveur du renforcement des capacités des acteurs africains dans la gestion de la conflictualité à l’intérieur des États africains, le monde occidental a adopté une posture de désengagement de la conflictualité interne en Afrique. La directive présidentielle américaine Presidential Decision Directive 25 du 3 mai 1994 et la recommandation du Sénat belge du 28 janvier 1998 resteront certainement les plus significatifs en matière de modification de l’attitude occidentale en faveur de l’Afrique en conflit. Cependant, et « ramant à contre courant », le Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord d’une part et la France d’autre part ont décidé d’assumer leur part de responsabilité historique dans la vie, parfois mouvementée de leurs anciennes colonies en Afrique. Pour ces deux anciennes puissances coloniales, les difficultés internes auxquelles les États africains post-guerre froide étaient confrontés constituaient de véritables défis pour lesquels, ces États avaient besoin d’une assistance contre vents et marrées. Cette profession de foi partagée sur les deux rives de la Manche a permis de stabiliser et ramener la paix dans deux États africains dans l’ère post génocide rwandais. Ce sont la Sierra Leone et la Côte d’Ivoire. Comment le Royaume-Uni et la France ont-ils réussi à stabiliser la Sierra Leone et la Côte d’Ivoire et les sortir de leurs conflits en apparence insolubles eu égard à la profondeur des divergences qui en opposaient les acteurs ? Quels ajustements stratégiques le Royaume-Uni et la France ont-ils opéré dans leur politique interventionniste dans le cadre de la résolution des conflits armés internes en Sierra Leone et en Côte d’Ivoire et quelles actions entreprises par elles ont permis d’aboutir aux succès enregistrés dans ces deux États ? A travers une recherche bibliographique, du reste, bien disponible, des entretiens conduits auprès du monde diplomatique, des personnalités politiques, d’anciens acteurs en conflit et d’autorités militaires, cette thèse révèle comment par une synergie d’actions bien coordonnées, le Royaume-Uni et la France ont permis de ramener la paix et la quiétude en Sierra Leone et en Côte d’Ivoire. Ayant agi ainsi, ces deux puissances moyennes, membres permanents du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies ont donné à l’Afrique et au monde des raisons de croire en l’intervention internationale. / He failure of the United Nations Restore Hope operation in Somalia under the leadership of the United States of America and the 1994 Rwandan genocide altered the Western world's relationship to internal armed conflict in Africa. From an initial desire to strengthen the capacity of African actors to manage conflicts within African states, the Western world adopted a position of disengagement from internal conflict in Africa. The United States’ Presidential Decision Directive 25 of May 3, 1994 and the recommendation of the Belgian Senate of January 28, 1998 are particularly significant in terms of changing the Western world’s attitude in favor of Africa in conflict. However, and "going against the current," the United Kingdom on the one hand and France on the other hand have decided to shoulder their share of historical responsibility in the fate of their former colonies in Africa. For these two former colonial powers, the internal difficulties facing the post-Cold War African states were real challenges which these states needed assistance in dealing with. This commitment on both sides of the Channel helped to stabilize and restore peace in two African states in the Rwandan post-genocide era, namely Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast. How did the United Kingdom and France manage to stabilize Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast and extricate them from seemingly intractable conflicts, given the depth of the differences between the actors? What strategic adjustments did the United Kingdom and France make in their interventionist policies in the context of the resolution of internal armed conflicts in Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast, and what actions did they take to achieve success in both these countries? Through a review of the literature as well as through interviews of diplomats, politicians, military leaders and other actors, this thesis demonstrates how, through a synergy of well-coordinated actions, the United Kingdom and France brought peace and tranquility to Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast. Having done so, these two middle-ranking powers, permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, gave Africa and the world reason to believe in international interventions.

A Simulação Computacional de Ambientes Históricos constitui um novo campo de conhecimento, que vem atuando como uma importante ferramenta à representação do passado e presente das cidades, contribuindo na compreensão de sua evolução histórica e no seu planejamento. Visando a despertar a sensibilidade em reconhecer e valorizar o produto arquitetônico histórico e seus elementos, bem como construir um olhar diferenciado sobre o futuro da cidade, esta dissertação reforça e traz à realidade o discurso que encara o passado e o presente não mais em épocas distintas, mas em uma "conversa" simultânea de muito respeito e consideração. O objetivo deste trabalho é sistematizar procedimentos metodológicos adequados, por meio do uso de programas computacionais, para a simulação do Patrimônio Histórico Arquitetônico. O trabalho inicia apontando dificuldades de manutenção e recuperação de edifícios históricos, fruto da falta de uma cultura que valorize esse patrimônio, sugerindo sua simulação virtual, como forma de contribuição para seu resgate e sua conseqüente valorização na memória coletiva. No segundo momento, é feita uma revisão do tema em exemplos produzidos em contextos semelhantes, para, depois, testar uma metodologia de reconstituição virtual no objeto de estudo escolhido, situado na praça Dante Alighieri, em Caxias do Sul. Resultado de diversas análises de aplicações, potencialidades e limites, contando com o auxílio da restituição fotogramétrica e de diversos programas de computação gráfica, a metodologia proposta percorre um caminho que começa com a busca e seleção da foto de época, e termina com a produção de modelos geométricos tridimensionais, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de futuros trabalhos de reprodução digital de todo o entorno da Praça em suas diferentes fases, ao longo da História. Esses procedimentos metodológicos buscaram a documentação não apenas de suas formas arquitetônicas, mas do processo de trabalho adotado, constatando além da viabilidade do método, como o potencial que os recursos da simulação computacional de ambientes históricos apresenta, tanto nos aspectos educativos quanto na valorização do patrimônio arquitetônico existente nas cidades. / The Computer Simulation of Historic Environments composes a new field of knowledge which has been acting as an important tool in representing the past and the present of the cities, contributing to the understanding of the historical evolution and its planning. Aiming to awaken sensitivity in recognizing and valuing the architectural historical product and its elements as well as build up a different look over the future of the city, this dissertation reinforces and brings to reality the speech that faces past and present not in distinct times anymore, but in a simultaneous "talk" filled with respect and consideration. The objective of this paper is to systematize proper methodological procedures, using computer programs to simulate the Architectural Historical Heritage. The paper starts pointing out difficulties in maintaining and recovering historical buildings, results of lack of a culture that values this heritage, suggesting its virtual simulation as a way of contribution to the rescue and consequent valorization in collective memory. In a second moment, a review of the theme in examples produced in similar contexts to later test a methodology of virtual reconstitution in the chosen object of study located at Dante Alighieri Square in Caxias do Sul. As a result of several analysis of applications, potentialities and limits, and with the help of photogrammetric restitution as well of several programs of graphic computing, the proposed methodology starts with the search and selection of the picture of the time, and ends with the production of its virtual tridimensional image, aiming the development of future works of virtual reproduction of the surroundings of the Square in its different phases along the History. These methodological procedures aimed the documentation not only of their architectural forms but also of the work process adopted evidencing both the feasibility of the method and the potential that the computer simulation of historical settings presents in educational aspects and in the valorization of the architectural heritage of the cities.

A Simulação Computacional de Ambientes Históricos constitui um novo campo de conhecimento, que vem atuando como uma importante ferramenta à representação do passado e presente das cidades, contribuindo na compreensão de sua evolução histórica e no seu planejamento. Visando a despertar a sensibilidade em reconhecer e valorizar o produto arquitetônico histórico e seus elementos, bem como construir um olhar diferenciado sobre o futuro da cidade, esta dissertação reforça e traz à realidade o discurso que encara o passado e o presente não mais em épocas distintas, mas em uma "conversa" simultânea de muito respeito e consideração. O objetivo deste trabalho é sistematizar procedimentos metodológicos adequados, por meio do uso de programas computacionais, para a simulação do Patrimônio Histórico Arquitetônico. O trabalho inicia apontando dificuldades de manutenção e recuperação de edifícios históricos, fruto da falta de uma cultura que valorize esse patrimônio, sugerindo sua simulação virtual, como forma de contribuição para seu resgate e sua conseqüente valorização na memória coletiva. No segundo momento, é feita uma revisão do tema em exemplos produzidos em contextos semelhantes, para, depois, testar uma metodologia de reconstituição virtual no objeto de estudo escolhido, situado na praça Dante Alighieri, em Caxias do Sul. Resultado de diversas análises de aplicações, potencialidades e limites, contando com o auxílio da restituição fotogramétrica e de diversos programas de computação gráfica, a metodologia proposta percorre um caminho que começa com a busca e seleção da foto de época, e termina com a produção de modelos geométricos tridimensionais, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de futuros trabalhos de reprodução digital de todo o entorno da Praça em suas diferentes fases, ao longo da História. Esses procedimentos metodológicos buscaram a documentação não apenas de suas formas arquitetônicas, mas do processo de trabalho adotado, constatando além da viabilidade do método, como o potencial que os recursos da simulação computacional de ambientes históricos apresenta, tanto nos aspectos educativos quanto na valorização do patrimônio arquitetônico existente nas cidades. / The Computer Simulation of Historic Environments composes a new field of knowledge which has been acting as an important tool in representing the past and the present of the cities, contributing to the understanding of the historical evolution and its planning. Aiming to awaken sensitivity in recognizing and valuing the architectural historical product and its elements as well as build up a different look over the future of the city, this dissertation reinforces and brings to reality the speech that faces past and present not in distinct times anymore, but in a simultaneous "talk" filled with respect and consideration. The objective of this paper is to systematize proper methodological procedures, using computer programs to simulate the Architectural Historical Heritage. The paper starts pointing out difficulties in maintaining and recovering historical buildings, results of lack of a culture that values this heritage, suggesting its virtual simulation as a way of contribution to the rescue and consequent valorization in collective memory. In a second moment, a review of the theme in examples produced in similar contexts to later test a methodology of virtual reconstitution in the chosen object of study located at Dante Alighieri Square in Caxias do Sul. As a result of several analysis of applications, potentialities and limits, and with the help of photogrammetric restitution as well of several programs of graphic computing, the proposed methodology starts with the search and selection of the picture of the time, and ends with the production of its virtual tridimensional image, aiming the development of future works of virtual reproduction of the surroundings of the Square in its different phases along the History. These methodological procedures aimed the documentation not only of their architectural forms but also of the work process adopted evidencing both the feasibility of the method and the potential that the computer simulation of historical settings presents in educational aspects and in the valorization of the architectural heritage of the cities.

A Simulação Computacional de Ambientes Históricos constitui um novo campo de conhecimento, que vem atuando como uma importante ferramenta à representação do passado e presente das cidades, contribuindo na compreensão de sua evolução histórica e no seu planejamento. Visando a despertar a sensibilidade em reconhecer e valorizar o produto arquitetônico histórico e seus elementos, bem como construir um olhar diferenciado sobre o futuro da cidade, esta dissertação reforça e traz à realidade o discurso que encara o passado e o presente não mais em épocas distintas, mas em uma "conversa" simultânea de muito respeito e consideração. O objetivo deste trabalho é sistematizar procedimentos metodológicos adequados, por meio do uso de programas computacionais, para a simulação do Patrimônio Histórico Arquitetônico. O trabalho inicia apontando dificuldades de manutenção e recuperação de edifícios históricos, fruto da falta de uma cultura que valorize esse patrimônio, sugerindo sua simulação virtual, como forma de contribuição para seu resgate e sua conseqüente valorização na memória coletiva. No segundo momento, é feita uma revisão do tema em exemplos produzidos em contextos semelhantes, para, depois, testar uma metodologia de reconstituição virtual no objeto de estudo escolhido, situado na praça Dante Alighieri, em Caxias do Sul. Resultado de diversas análises de aplicações, potencialidades e limites, contando com o auxílio da restituição fotogramétrica e de diversos programas de computação gráfica, a metodologia proposta percorre um caminho que começa com a busca e seleção da foto de época, e termina com a produção de modelos geométricos tridimensionais, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de futuros trabalhos de reprodução digital de todo o entorno da Praça em suas diferentes fases, ao longo da História. Esses procedimentos metodológicos buscaram a documentação não apenas de suas formas arquitetônicas, mas do processo de trabalho adotado, constatando além da viabilidade do método, como o potencial que os recursos da simulação computacional de ambientes históricos apresenta, tanto nos aspectos educativos quanto na valorização do patrimônio arquitetônico existente nas cidades. / The Computer Simulation of Historic Environments composes a new field of knowledge which has been acting as an important tool in representing the past and the present of the cities, contributing to the understanding of the historical evolution and its planning. Aiming to awaken sensitivity in recognizing and valuing the architectural historical product and its elements as well as build up a different look over the future of the city, this dissertation reinforces and brings to reality the speech that faces past and present not in distinct times anymore, but in a simultaneous "talk" filled with respect and consideration. The objective of this paper is to systematize proper methodological procedures, using computer programs to simulate the Architectural Historical Heritage. The paper starts pointing out difficulties in maintaining and recovering historical buildings, results of lack of a culture that values this heritage, suggesting its virtual simulation as a way of contribution to the rescue and consequent valorization in collective memory. In a second moment, a review of the theme in examples produced in similar contexts to later test a methodology of virtual reconstitution in the chosen object of study located at Dante Alighieri Square in Caxias do Sul. As a result of several analysis of applications, potentialities and limits, and with the help of photogrammetric restitution as well of several programs of graphic computing, the proposed methodology starts with the search and selection of the picture of the time, and ends with the production of its virtual tridimensional image, aiming the development of future works of virtual reproduction of the surroundings of the Square in its different phases along the History. These methodological procedures aimed the documentation not only of their architectural forms but also of the work process adopted evidencing both the feasibility of the method and the potential that the computer simulation of historical settings presents in educational aspects and in the valorization of the architectural heritage of the cities.

The diploma thesis Multifunctional Culture Centre ‘Creative City’ Brno deals with the architectural study of rebuilding and extension of the former prison building in Bratislavská and Soudní street in Brno for cultural, social and commercial purposes. The project includes a new use of the existing building for creative industries, commercial activities and services. There are apartments in the new extension. The parking places are situated below the ground level in the northern part of the complex. The building complex creates a pleasant environment contributing the creativity.

in English Aim of this work is mostly about process of sanitation of Josefov and also shows themes which are not still much discussed. Just denial opinion about simplification of denying sanitation, pointing on certain inevitability of this decision for Josefov, but also to effors for saving most important thinks from this area, belong to these themes. The effor to refute some myths about sanitation Josefov, is closely related. As a model city for better understanding the situation was chosen Vienna. The Prague town council was inspired by this city for process sanitation itself. The regulation of historic city centre was there about few decades earlier and the Ringstrasse was the result. In both projects are same characters in planning and implementation itself. But on other hand have both cities, especially Prague, own specific features that made both rebuilding unique.

This diploma thesis is focused on the Great Fire of London in the year 1666 and on the course of events that started it. Based on historical sources, the author will try to explain how did the city leaders confront this tragedy and how was the Great Fire seen by the public. The author will also present some possible plans for the reconstruction of the city of London as well as the final plan which gave the city its current shape. This thesis is divided into three sections, first of which introduces the historical context of 17th century in England. The second part is focused on the fire itself - its cause, its development and its aftermath. The last section will introduce reconstruction plans made by five important people of the time as well as the progress of the reconstruction. Last but not least, the memorials of the Great Fire will also be mentioned in this thesis.