This paper shows that while incarceration is associated with economic losses, the economic benefits associated with a GED may be nearly twice as large for high school dropouts that have been incarcerated than for dropouts who have not been incarcerated. My results, though imprecisely estimated, suggest that this relationship may be one of correlation, rather than causality. I find that among the formerly incarcerated the GED is associated with other positive outcomes, particularly lower rates of drug use.

The present study investigated the relationship of 16 Personality Factor (16 PF) Scores to institutional adjustment, educational level, recidivism, and escapism of 665 prisoners in a maximum security prison. Two phases of data analysis were conducted. Multiple two-tailed Students' t tests resulted in significant differences on all 16 PF Factor Scores between prisoners and Cattell adult norm group. Significant differences were also found between prisoners and Cattell prisoner norms. In phase two, four multiple linear regression models were constructed. Significant 16 PF scales, age, and educational differences were found within the prisoner sample. Possible implications of the use of the 16 PF in regression models in paramorphic clinical prediction programs are discussed.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The diploma thesis Characteristics of the criminal career and chronic offender of a violent crime is divided into two parts: theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part deals with risk factors that can lead to criminal career, psychological characteristics of chronic offenders and offenders of violent crime. Finally, theoretical part mentioned the concept of criminal careers with basic elements: participation, frequency, duration, starts a criminal career, the interval between of the offenses, the remaining length and finishing of the criminal career, specialization or universality, severity and escalation, accomplice to criminal career. The theoretical part also summarizes the basic statistics on the crime of chronic offender. The empirical part is the quantitative retrospective study of the forensic expertises in the field of clinical psychology. The main task of the thesis focused on the assessment of escalation - increased severity of crimes during individual criminal career of the chronic offender of violent crime. The basic hypothesis is: The length of the first and last imprisonment sentence is not differing. In terms of qualitative description of escalation of violent crime, I examined the first and last type of aggression, the first and last degree of violence and the first and...

This study examined the effectiveness of a family counseling intervention program called the Parent Monitoring Program (PMP) on reducing the rate of recidivism with first-time juvenile offenders in New Orleans, Louisiana. The PMP is a multimodal treatment intervention that combines individual, family, and group, counseling services to juvenile offenders and their families. Pugh, Force, Rault, and Triche (2000) reported that with effective and innovative family and community based intervention programs, juvenile offenders can be deterred from further delinquent behaviors. There is a great need for research studies to examine effective interventions that address reducing the rate of recidivism with juvenile crime (Cullen & Grandeau, 2000). This study looked at the differences in recidivism rates for the treatment group, juvenile offenders who completed the PMP, versus the control groups those juvenile offenders who either did not complete the PMP, or who refused the PMP services. The participants (N=1144) were mainly African Americans of low SES who committed minor offenses from the years 2001-2003. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to find out the differences in recidivism rates between the treatment and control groups, as well as levels of offenses in terms of recidivism rates and gender differences. Results of the analyses indicated that those participants who completed the PMP had lower recidivism rates than those who did not complete or refused the PMP service. In addition, level of offenses was positively associated in terms of recidivism (p <.001). However, in terms of recidivism, there were no differences between males and females xiii ( p =.108). Faculty members in counselor education can use the findings from this study to pay attention to the problems that this special population faces. Counselors can become more aware of the importance of a multimodal approach with emphasis on family involvement and early intervention. The multi cultural issues and risk factors that surround this population are of relevance to the curriculum in counselor education programs. Future research should look at the impact that religious organizations have on juvenile delinquency in terms of recidivism rates and the important role that the community plays.

The current study investigated the predictive utility of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and emotional facilitation to distress (EFD) for multiple antisocial outcomes in a sample of juvenile justice-involved males. Although CU traits and EFD did not generally interact to predict antisocial outcomes, CU traits were a consistent predictor of total, proactive, and reactive forms of aggression over 18 months. Similarly, CU traits and time interacted to predict total and violent self-reported offending, such that CU traits were positively associated with both outcomes, but this association weakened over the 18 month timeframe. Racial and ethnic differences only emerged for the prediction of days to any arrest or a violent arrest. Specifically, different factors appear to be important of the prediction of any arrest across racial/ethnic groups, whereas being Black was associated with fewer days to arrest, despite self-reporting similar levels of violent offending. Last, a joint trajectory model for CU traits and EFD was not estimated due to a lack of stability in EFD. However, the majority of the sample exhibited average or increasing levels of CU traits over the 18 month timeframe, highlighting the importance of examining not only the factors that can result in CU traits, but also the factors that can lead to increases in CU traits over time in justice-involved youth.

The submitted work, as follows from its title, is concerned with criminal recidivism, in the first part primarily from a criminological perspective, while the second part of the work then deals particularly with the perspective of criminal law. As there has been a tendency to neglect recidivism in the professional literature in recent years, this work attempts to provide an overall summary of the subject of criminal recidivism while endeavouring to mention the most important aspects that are closely related to recidivism. Consequently, the introductory part of the work is devoted to a general delimitation of criminal recidivism and its various forms. The work attempts to make a basic excursion into this subject area while simultaneously endeavouring to evaluate the effectiveness of the commonest approaches employed in connection with criminal recidivism, primarily in relation to the current legislation in this country and abroad. In the context of foreign legislation and especially of the application of life sentences in the most serious cases of recidivism in some countries (including the former legislation in the Czech Republic) as obligatory punishment, considerable space is devoted here to the "three strikes law", which is applied primarily in the U.S.A. and, recently, also by our Slovak...

96 Sanctioning of serious criminal act offenders Abstract The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with general questions concerning the topic of the thesis: how a serious offence can be defined and how offenders who committed such an offence can be punished. The aim of the chapter is to present general ideas and to set the problematic the thesis deals with in detail in a broader context. The second and the third chapter presents the statute law concerning two topics withing the broader topic of the thesis. The second chapter deals with the rules of punishment of sexual offenders according to the Belgian law. The rules are discussed in detail and presented in the context of the criminal law as whole. Several inconsistencies that are caused by a non respect to the consequences of a change in one field of criminal law to another one. The third chapter presents the Belgian complementary punishment of mise à la disposition du tribunal de l'application des peines and the German preventive measure of Sicherungsverwahrung and their brief comparison. Both measures incorporate the same idea - a group of offenders cannot be liberated, even though they have already served their punisment as whole - but they differ in details. The fourth chapter deals with the participation of experts to the...

O presente estudo tem como objeto o modelo jurídico da reincidência, a ser analisado, na esteira da teoria tridimensional do Direito de Miguel Reale, em sua três dimensões - normativa, fática e axiológica. Serão pressupostos desta dissertação, além do tridimensionalismo concreto e dinâmico de Reale, a fenomenologia existencial de Martin Heidegger que tem o Dasein como ser fundamentalmente livre, embora desde logo situado e a criminologia crítica, a qual, embora tenha superado o labelling approach em inúmeros aspectos, manteve o interesse deste em tomar como objeto o próprio funcionamento do sistema punitivo. Na dimensão normativa do modelo será exposto o instituto jurídico da reincidência e será feito o juízo de sua adequação constitucional, mormente com relação aos princípios do ne bis in idem, proporcionalidade e, principalmente, culpabilidade. Este guiará o estudo à dimensão fática do tema, em que serão vistos os principais aspectos da prática penal, sobretudo suas características de seletividade e estigmatização, com ênfase no ponto central de todo o sistema punitivo, a pena privativa de liberdade. A seguir, a dimensão axiológica do modelo da reincidência comportará a análise dos valores que subjazem à dimensão normativa, os positivados contextualizados na teoria dos fins da pena e os latentes, embora difundidos em todo o corpo social o medo e a construção dos inimigos da sociedade. Por fim, serão unidas as três dimensões do modelo, em sua interação dialética e complementar, a fim de que este se mostre em sua plenitude. / This dissertation focuses on the legal model of recidivism, to be analyzed, based on Miguel Reales Three-dimensional Theory of Law, in its normative, factual and axiological dimensions. The hypothesis behind this work is apart from Realess concrete and dynamic three-dimensionality Martin Heideggers existential analytic according to which the Dasein is a fundamentally free being, although situated from the beginning and the New Criminology that, despite surpassing the labelling approach in several aspects, kept its focus on taking the performance of the punitive system as an object of study. In the normative dimension of the model, the recidivisms legal provision and its constitutional compatibility will be discussed, with the latter being analyzed according to the legal principles of ne bis in idem, proportionality and culpability. The principle of culpability will guide the work to the factual dimension of the object, that will underlie the study of the most important aspects of the punitive system, such as its main characteristics of selectivity and stigmatization, with emphasis on the core of the whole punitive system, the imprisonment. Then, the third dimension of the model will base the discussion of the values that support the normative dimension, the legal presented in the theory of punishment and the latent, despite widespread through the social fabric the fear and the construction of societys enemies. In the end, the three dimensions of the model will be united, in their dialectic and complementary interaction, so that the model can fully reveal itself.