Sulfate accumulates in the post-combustion CO₂ capture system and must be removed to re-use amine efficiently. Removal of sulfate from the amine-based postcombustion CO₂ capture system through a solvent reclaiming process may reduce CO₂ capture costs. This work determines the solubility of K₂SO₄ and Na₂SO₄ in 2 to 8 m PZ loaded with CO₂ and develops a thermodynamic and process model for the reclaiming process. At 40°C the solubility of Na2SO₄ in 8 m PZ with a CO₂ loading of 0.3 is 0.3 m Na2SO₄ and that of K₂SO₄ is 0.1 m K₂SO₄. Sulfate solubility in PZ solutions is represented by the empirical models: K₂SO₄: ln(Ksp) = 10.53I[superscript 0.3] - 0.98[PZ][subscript T] -3440/T - 2.42 ; Na₂SO₄: ln(Ksp) = 2.137I[superscript0.3] - .6505[PZ][subscript T] -826/T + 265 where [PZ][subscript T] = 2*(molality of PZ). A K₂SO₄ and Na₂SO₄ solubility thermodynamic model was developed in the eNRTL framework in the Fawkes model for PZ/CO₂/H₂O in Aspen Plus[trademark]. The energy cost of the Na process when removing the equivalent of 100 ppm SO₂ from the flue gas, ranging from $0.1-0.5/ton CO₂, was practically the same as the K process(ranging from $0.1-0.8/ton CO₂). The K₂SO₄ recovered in the process can be used as fertilizer. However, the KOH will still cost $0.6/tonne CO₂. If it is not possible to sell the K₂SO₄ as fertilizer because of the impurities that may be present on the K₂SO₄crystals, the chemical cost of the process would increase to $2/tonne CO₂. The chemical cost for the Na case is $0.7/tonne of CO₂. / text

Texte remanié de: Ph. D. / Bibliogr. p. 303-312. Index.

There was a period during the early history of Utah when grasses in some areas grew so tall that it hid grazing cattle and sheep from view. However, mismanagement caused this to change and depleted grassland was invaded by noxious weeds, sagebrush, and pinyon-juniper. This deterioration of choice grassland to less desirable range cover was aided by the attitude of stockmen that pasture was available on a first come first serve basis. As a result of such an attitude and the unsatisfactory condition of ranges. the era of free, uncontrolled use of grazing lands came to a close with the introduction of the Taylor Grazing Act in 1934. This act provided for classification of all unappropriated and unreserved lands. Grazing districts were organized and regulations were established for the distribution of grazing permits and the setting of fees to be charged for the use of public lands (9, p.14).1

In this thesis, I explore the journey between my worlds, the North and the South, examining the politics and poetics of diaspora. In this process I’ve assembled an archive of memory that has been complied over many years. This archive is a collection of memories and artefacts, of items that I still keep as well as items that were left behind a long time ago, and whose imprints are still very much alive in me. Furthermore, this thesis deals with art in Chile that arose out of the tumultuous period of unrest and unbalance following the rise of the dictatorship in 1973. In this thesis, I deal with artists such as Alfredo Jaar, Lotty Rosenfeld, and Eugenio Dittborn, among others. The work of these artists during this artistic period of resistance is constantly imprinted with signs and codes, as well as staunchness and obliqueness, marking a pivotal role in the continued resistance to the oppressors. Likewise, throughout this thesis I examine the ideas and the prevalently latent shift or “in-betweeness” that exists in the narrative of diaspora and in my own narrative as well. Here, I examine the works of artists, cultural theorists and writers including Stuart Hall, Edward Said, Nelly Richard, James Luna, and Salman Rushdie (among others) to reflect on how their work has influenced, shaped and directed my study of Diaspora, and to a greater extent, my understanding of the politics of it. Likewise, throughout his thesis I work to understand of the heterogeneous yet situated bodies of knowledge and experience that make up the contemporary cultural archive of diaspora. This includes various definitions of diaspora that both interrupt the text as well as enrich it.

The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experiences of women who felt that they had to reject their femininity in favour of masculinity, and who later reclaimed their femininity. The epistemological framework of this study is social constructionism. This study involves in-depth interviews with three women who rejected their femininity and subsequently either reclaimed, or are in the process of reclaiming their femininity. The data was analysed using Hermeneutics. The participants' stories were recounted through the researcher's lens in the form of themes that characterised the rejection and the reclaiming of their femininity. A comparative analysis between the three participants was undertaken. The information gained could assist professionals in understanding the process involved in why some women reject and later reclaim their femininity. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experiences of women who felt that they had to reject their femininity in favour of masculinity, and who later reclaimed their femininity. The epistemological framework of this study is social constructionism. This study involves in-depth interviews with three women who rejected their femininity and subsequently either reclaimed, or are in the process of reclaiming their femininity. The data was analysed using Hermeneutics. The participants' stories were recounted through the researcher's lens in the form of themes that characterised the rejection and the reclaiming of their femininity. A comparative analysis between the three participants was undertaken. The information gained could assist professionals in understanding the process involved in why some women reject and later reclaim their femininity. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Adler (1931, 1938) adopted and defended a decidedly pro feminist perspective in Individual Psychology. Without question , he was the first mainstream psychologist of the 20th century to address the alleged inferiority of women and the myth of masculine superiority. During his lifetime, feminism was still in its first wave, its first phase of development. It would be another 50 years before feminism evolved into a psycho therapeutic model. Currently, the emphasis on women's issues in Adlerian therapy depends largely on the practitioner's interest in making women's issues a focus of counseling or therapy. This article reviews earlier Adlerian scholarship in an effort to reclaim a pro feminist orientation for Individual Psychology and suggests a process for integrating feminist and Adlerian therapies.

In this essay, the concept of online and fourth wave feminism is enhanced through a study of the TikTok-trend #servingcvnt (serving cunt). This study builds on the engagement of contemporary forms of feminist culture with the ever changing dynamic of social media platforms. It offers insight into the otherwise inscrutable world of a TikTok subculture and discloses the mechanisms and practices behind the culturally tinged feminism taking place within it. Combining Muted Group Theory and the conceptual framework of recent feminist media studies, the process of reclaiming is explained and analyzed in terms of feminist humor and shamelessness as resistance tactics. The analysis uses material collected through digital ethnography, encoded through content analysis, that results in detailed studies of video material as well as a portrayal of the digital environment. The study showcases a digital environment tainted by feminine confidence, solidarity and a mentality of shamelessness and humor. #servingcvnt is a subculture constructed by females for females in which they encourage, support and inspire each other to take up space and emancipate from a shaming culture wherein to serve cunt is to reject ideas about how women “should not” be. By constructing their own culture and language, women form a safe sphere in which their own rules and norms apply and reign dominant. This study shows how feminist resistance is injected with a newfound power and possibilities enabled through TikToks media logic and affordances. Hence, this essay should be considered a study of the old phenomenon of reclaiming within a contemporary format of the social media platform TikTok. It is argued that the results and analysis of this study contributes valuable insights to contemporary feminist characteristics, tactics and environments, usable for other future researchers.

I århundraden har gator haft ett ekonomiskt, medborgerligt, kulturellt, socialt och politiskt värde. Gator var tidigare de främsta ‘platserna’ där människor samlades för att umgås, handla och koppla av. Men från 1950-talet och framåt, då antalet motoriserade fordon började ta fart, har gatornas funktion som ‘plats’ förbisetts. Som ett resultat har gator utformats och planerats för ett enda syfte, det vill säga flödet av fordonstrafik. Men i takt med ett växande intresse för social och urban hållbarhet har den moderna gatans roll och funktion i våra städer ifrågasatts. Kritiken har ofta riktats mot att gator under de senaste årtiondena endast behandlats som korridorer för trafikflöden fastän de kan erbjuda så många fler funktioner. Diskussionen har därför till stor del handlat om behovet av ett skifte från gata som en länk eller en trafikled till gata som en plats eller en destination. Under senare år har olika begrepp såsom ”gator för människor” och ”gator som platser” fått stor uppmärksamhet. Dessa koncept syftar till att utgå från människor vid utformning och planering av gator. Exempel från hela världen visar hur allt fler städer tar gator i anspråk och omformar dessa till just platser för människor. I Stockholm exempelvis finns det en tradition sedan år 2015 att tillfälligt omforma konventionella bilgator till sommargågator för människor under sommarhalvåret.  Syftet med denna studie är att mäta och utvärdera det offentliga livet och de rumsliga kvaliteterna före och efter den temporära utformningen av Rörstrandsgatan och Skånegatan till sommargågator i Stockholm. Vidare är fokus för denna studie att utforska nyckelbegrepp och teorier för hur man utformar ”gator som platser”. De två huvudfrågorna som ska besvaras i denna studie är:  (1) Hur förändras det offentliga stadslivet och de offentliga rumsliga kvaliteterna före och efter den tillfälliga omformningen av Rörstrandsgatan och Skånegatan till sommargågator? (2) Vilka är nyckelbegreppen och de viktigaste teorierna inom stadsplanering för diskussionen om ”gator som platser”? I denna studie har två metoder använts; direkt observation och litteraturstudie. Direkt observation följer Jan Gehls observationsmetod. Det är en metod som används för att studera samspelet mellan det offentliga rummet och det offentliga stadslivet genom att använda en kombination av flera olika verktyg. Dessa verktyg kan i sin tur användas för att mäta det offentliga stadslivet på olika sätt. En litteraturstudie har också använts för att samla information om olika teorier för hur man skapar gator där människor vill vistas och spendera tid.  Resultaten i denna studie visar att sommargator har en positiv inverkan på det offentliga stadslivet. Exempelvis noterades fler sociala interaktioner mellan människor, antalet aktiviteter som ägde rum ökade också vilket gjorde gatan livligare under hela dagen. Resultatet visar också att människor dröjer sig kvar och stannar till en längre stund på sommargågatorna. / For centuries streets have had an economic, civic, cultural, social and political value. Streets used to be the major ’places’ where people gathered to socialize, trade and relax. However, since the growth of motorized vehicles started in the 1950s, the ‘place’ function of streets has been overlooked. As a result, streets have been planned for one major purpose only, that is, the mobility of vehicular traffic. However, with today’s growing emphasis on urban and social sustainability, it is being recognized that there is a need to shift the function of streets and instead favor the ‘place function’ over the ‘traffic function’. Streets are much more than corridors of vehicular movement. In recent years, concepts such as ‘streets for people’ and ‘streets as places’ have gained much attention. These concepts aim to put people first in the design of streets. All around the world cities are reclaiming streets as public spaces for people. In Stockholm, for example, conventional streets are temporarily redesigned as summer pedestrian streets during the summer. The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the success of public life and public space qualities before and after the temporary redesign of Rörstrandsgatan and Skånegatan into summer pedestrian streets in the city of Stockholm, Sweden. Further on, the focus of this study is also to explore key concepts and main theories of how to design ‘streets as places’. The two research questions to be answered in this study are: (1) How does public life and public space qualities change before and after the temporary redesign of Rörstrandsgatan and Skånegatan into summer pedestrian streets? (2) What are the key concepts and main urban planning theories needed in the discussion of ‘streets as places’? For this study two methods were used; direct observation and literature review. Direct observation follows Jan Gehl’s method of observation. It is a method used for studying the interaction of public space and public life by using a combination of multiple public life tools. Overall, these tools can be used to measure public life in various ways. Literature review was used to determine the fundamental factors that contributes to make streets places where people want to spend time and linger.  The results show that summer pedestrian streets have a positive impact on public life. For example, more social interactions were observed, the amount of activities taking place also increased making the street more lively throughout the day. The result also shows that people stay a longer time on the summer pedestrian streets and linger.

This study used life experience methods to gather the narratives of seven adult Indigenous transracial adoptees who have reclaimed their Indigenous identities after experiencing closed adoption during the late 1950s through to the early 1980s. Participants had been members of Aboriginal (First Nations, Metis, Inuit) communities at birth but were then raised outside their Indigenous nations in non-Indigenous families. Through analysis of their stories, I identified four themes that marked their trajectories to reclamation: Imposed fracture (prior to reclamation); Little anchors (beginning healing); Coming home (on being whole); Our sacred bundle (reconciling imposed fracture). Their stories of reconnecting to their Indigeneity, decolonizing and healing illustrate their shifts from hegemonic discourse spaces that characterized their lived experiences as “other” to spirit-based discourses that center Indigenous knowledge systems as valid, life affirming, and life changing. This dissertation contributes to the debate on state sanctioned removal of children and the impacts of loss of Indigenous identity in Canadian society. My findings indicate that cultural and spiritual teachings and practices, as well as, the knowledge of colonization and its impacts on Indigenous families, communities, and nations, all contributed to adoptees’ healing and ability to move forward in their lives. Key recommendations include: further exploration of the concept of cultural genocide in relation to settler-colonial relations in Canada; further examination of the intersection of counter-narratives, resistance discourse, and colonial violence; increased investigation of the connections between Indigenous knowledge systems, living spirit-based teachings and educative aspects of community wellness; and more research examining education beyond formal schooling, including the formative effects upon Indigenous youth of social values, public policy, and legal frameworks. / Graduate