A number of questionnaires formed the core of the research reported here. Thirteen studies were carried out in order to find out why people run. The main samples used consisted of marathon and half marathon runners. The main reasons found for starting to run were to improve physical fitness, to improve health or feel better and in order to run in a marathon/half marathon. The perceived benefits reported by runners were examined. These were found to be, in descending order of the benefits derived: improved physical health; increased well being; increased self insight; increased self discipline and improved self confidence. The runners' stated reasons for their involvement in running were also assessed. Factor analysis revealed that running shares many of the motives which underlie other leisure activities. The motivational categories identified were, in order of importance: Challenge; Health/Fitness; Well Being; Addiction; Status and Social. These categories are very similar to those proposed by Maslow (1970). The results reported here show that it necessary for running research, and exercise research in general, to be placed within a much wider context than it is at present. Two main costs were noted by runners. Firstly, a small but significant number of runners reported that running had a detrimental effect on their family and social lives. A comparison of the perceptions of runners with those of their non-running partners showed that runners may underestimate these negative effects. Secondly, a large number of runners reported injuries as a result of their running. Class and gender differences were examined. Blue collar workers were more influenced by the extrinsic satisfiers provided by running than were white collar runners but they were not any less motivated by the intrinsic satisfiers. Running appeared to be more important to the female runners sampled and it brought them greater improvements in well being.

Title: Effects of minimal dose of resistance training on body composition and running performance in female recreational runners Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the extent to which minimal dose resistance training would elicit improvements in running performance and body composition for female recreational runners. Methods: Forty-one female recreational runners were randomly assigned to one of three groups (endurance running [V] n=14; combined endurance running and resistance training program once [VR30] n=14 and twice a week [VR60] n=13, respectively). During the 10-week training program, the V group completed 3 hours of continuous endurance running per week; VR30 completed 2 ½ hours of continuous endurance running and 1 x 30 min of resistance training per week, while VR60 group completed 2 hours of continuous endurance running and 2x30 min of resistance training per week. Body composition (FM, FFM, ECM/BCM), standing long jump, running economy, ventilatory anaerobic threshold and maximal endurance performance characteristics were assessed using ANOVA with repeated measures. Body composition was assessed via whole-body bio impedance. Performance parameters were determined during running on a treadmill. Results: Thirty-one female recreational runners completed 10-week...

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-05-23T18:50:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAFS.pdf: 13567836 bytes, checksum: c5a315d5c2ca036adaf60af9cd1f3b41 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-31T18:21:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAFS.pdf: 13567836 bytes, checksum: c5a315d5c2ca036adaf60af9cd1f3b41 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-31T18:21:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAFS.pdf: 13567836 bytes, checksum: c5a315d5c2ca036adaf60af9cd1f3b41 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T18:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAFS.pdf: 13567836 bytes, checksum: c5a315d5c2ca036adaf60af9cd1f3b41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-05 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Every year, up to 70% of recreational runners reported some musculoskeletal injury. Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most common injuries in these athletes. It has been reported that gait retraining may have a beneficial effect on the lower limb biomechanics and consequently may reduce the patellofemoral joint overload. However, the information regarding biomechanical and clinical effects after a training protocol in PFP runners and, the comparison between different techniques in a same cohort in order to identify the most effective are sparse. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were: to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of gait retraining of kinematic, electromyography, pain and function in PFP runners and; to verify the effectiveness of three running techniques on the patelofemoral joint stress in healthy runners. The three running techniques were: forefoot landing, step rate increase by 10% and forward trunk lean. Kinematic, kinetic and electromyography analysis were done. To assess pain and function, the visual analog scale and two self-reported questionnaires were used. The results showed that the three running techniques reduce pain intensity and improve function in PFP runners after 2 weeks of a supervised gait retraining and, these improvements are maintained 6 months after the intervention. The gait retraining increased the muscle pre-activation before the initial contact. Forefoot landing technique was the most effective condition for reducing patellofemoral joint loading. / Cerca de 70% dos corredores recreacionais apresentam alguma lesão musculoesquelética a cada ano, sendo a dor patelofemoral (DPF) uma das lesões mais comuns nesses atletas. Tem sido relatado que modificações na técnica de corrida promovem efeitos benéficos na biomecânica do membro inferior e, consequentemente, reduzem a sobrecarga sobre a articulação patelofemoral. Porém, há escassez de informação a respeito dos efeitos biomecânicos e clínicos após um protocolo de treinamento aplicado em corredores com DPF, além da ausência de estudos que tenham comparado diferentes técnicas de corrida aplicadas em uma mesma amostra, a fim de identificar a mais eficaz. Dessa forma, os objetivos da tese foram: avaliar os efeitos imediatos e a longo prazo do treinamento das técnicas de corrida sobre variáveis cinemáticas, eletromiográficas, dor e função em corredores com DPF; e verificar a eficácia das técnicas na redução do estresse patelofemoral em corredores sadios. As técnicas de corrida investigadas neste estudo foram: corrida com aterrissagem com o antepé, corrida com aumento de 10% da frequência da passada e corrida com aumento da flexão do tronco. Foram feitas análises cinemáticas, cinéticas e eltromiográficas da corrida. Para avaliação da dor e função, foram utilizadas a escala visual analógica e questionários traduzidos e validados para a língua portuguesa. Os resultados indicaram que as três técnicas de corrida reduzem a intensidade da dor e melhoram a função em corredores com DPF após 2 semanas de treinamento supervisionado e os ganhos clínicos são mantidos após 6 meses de intervenção. E a corrida com aterrissagem com antepé foi a técnica mais eficaz na redução do estresse patelofemoral em corredores sadios. / FAPESP: 2013/26318-7 / FAPESP: 2015/20306-2

В диссертационном исследовании проведен конкурентный анализ рынка услуг школ бега в Екатеринбурге, выявлены проблемы и предложены пути их решения. Разработана услуга пробного занятия для внедрения в школе бега Foreverun. Предложенные в работе мероприятия позволяют познакомить потенциального клиента со школой бега, повысить уровень лояльности и доверия клиента. / The dissertation study analyses the market for running school services in Ekaterinburg, identifies problems and suggests ways to solve them. A trial lesson service was developed to be implemented in the Foreverun running school. The suggested activities allow to introduce a potential client to the running school, to increase the level of loyalty and trust on the side of a client.