Le retour de John Dewey au centre de l’attention du monde intellectuel est le point de départ de cette thèse qui se penche sur la pensée politique de l’auteur américain. Afin d’identifier les raisons qui expliquent la redécouverte du philosophe pragmatiste, l’étude fait appel à la théorie des réseaux intellectuels élaborée par Randall Collins. En tenant compte de cette perspective sociologique, nous affirmons que la rivalité entre Dewey et les partisans du réalisme démocratique aux années 1920 et 1930 déclenche chez Dewey le développement d’une théorie démocratique innovatrice, à la fois réaliste et éthique, qui se révèle d’une remarquable pertinence de nos jours. La revanche du penseur libéral contre les réalistes se traduit par sa vision singulière et progressiste de la démocratie, dont la redistribution du pouvoir et la foi démocratique demeurent les éléments essentiels. La créativité et la pertinence des idées politiques de Dewey expliquent l’intérêt renouvelé des théoriciens contemporains à propos de son libéralisme radical.

Magister Artium - MA / There is widespread concern in the democratic South African context over economic inequalities. However, given the problems of poverty, unemployment and inequality, there is a need to consider economic restitution. Restitution is used in public policy often without conceptual clarity. This study is situated in the field of economic ethics; therefore it will contribute to philosophical and more specifically ethical discourse on the concept of economic restitution. The focus of the study is on South African economic policy documents released by the government in response to current economic inequalities in the period between 1994 and 2014. Such policy documents include the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP, 1994); Growth Employment and Redistribution Programme (GEAR, 1996); Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative South Africa (AsgiSA, 2005); Industrial Policy Action Plan (IPAP, 2007) and its iterations; New Growth Path (NGP, 2010); and the National Development Plan (NDP, 2012). This study focuses on how the concept of restitution is understood in South African policy documents in the period between 1994 and 2014 in response to current economic inequalities. It identifies implicit and explicit references to the concept of economic restitution; describes the scope of the term as used in such policy documents; analyses and compares how the term restitution is understood; and indicates any emerging patterns in this regard.

Submitted by Felipe Castor (felipecastor15@gmail.com) on 2014-08-29T00:17:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçãonovafinal.pdf: 887468 bytes, checksum: 73ab0f9aa41de8d5561dc1eacdc1ad2e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by BRUNA BARROS (bruna.barros@fgv.br) on 2014-09-04T13:53:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçãonovafinal.pdf: 887468 bytes, checksum: 73ab0f9aa41de8d5561dc1eacdc1ad2e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-09-22T19:02:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçãonovafinal.pdf: 887468 bytes, checksum: 73ab0f9aa41de8d5561dc1eacdc1ad2e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-22T19:10:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçãonovafinal.pdf: 887468 bytes, checksum: 73ab0f9aa41de8d5561dc1eacdc1ad2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 / Some studies in economics and political science argues that preferences for redistribution are able to explain different redistributive efforts around the world. It is natural to think that the voting decision is the most direct channel to validate this argument. This work provided empirical evidence that there is a correlation between preferences for redistribution and individual voting decision in the United States. First, I present a theoretical model that links party identification with individual self-interest. Based in this model, I use General Social Survey data to assess such relation. The results show that preferences for redistribution are related to party identification and, consequently, related to individual voting decision for redistributive policies. There is also some evidences that this influence is growing in the last decades. / Parte dos estudos em economia e ciência política argumenta que preferências por redistribuição são capazes de explicar os diferentes esforços redistributivos ao redor do mundo. É natural pensar que a decisão de voto é o único canal relevante para que esta argumentação seja válida. Este trabalho buscará evidências empíricas de que haja correlação entre preferências por redistribuição e a decisão individual de voto nos Estados Unidos. Primeiro, apresento um modelo teórico que faz ligação entre a identificação partidária do indivíduo com seus interesses próprios e coletivos. Com base neste modelo, serão usados dados do General Social Survey para encontrar tais relações. Nos resultados encontra-se que as preferências por redistribuição estão relacionadas à identificação partidária e, consequentemente, à decisão de voto por redistribuição. Há também alguma evidência de que esta influência esteja crescendo nas últimas décadas.

Land reform in South Africa is premised on land restitution. land redistribution and security of terlllre as its major components. It has the following objectives amongst others, to address the injustices of racially-based land dispossession; inequitable distribution ofland ownership; need for security of tenure for all: need for sustainable use of land: need [or rapid release of land for development: need to record and register all rights in property: and the need to administer public land in an effective manner. Over two decades of the democratic dispensation, lack of proper funding and capacity by government official to expedite the land reform processes deprives the rural communities like the Morebene community the enjoyment of their land rights and proper redress after devastating land dispossession. The research has managed to establish the serious pain and suffering that has been brought by incompetent implementation of six phases of land restitution process by Limpopo RLCC to the commuillty of Morebeoe. Lack of capacity to implement land restitution processes has been found to have been a major setback to lhe Morebene communjty to an extent that their restitution processes were abandoned by the Limpopo RLCC at project execution stage. The community composed of nearly 81% of rhe youth and middle aged people bas been left without jobs and no property rights and development all of which are caused by the lack of expertise from the oHicials of the RLCC. No restitution grants and development gTants were granted to the community and no formal or informal training let alone workshops held in relation to the government"s expectations from the land reform policies and legislation. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the system of tax sharing and grants in terms of interregional redistribution. Review of literature is divided into two parts. The first one relates to fiscal decentralization, fiscal imbalance (which arises as a result of decentralization), and fiscal need. The second part deals with the technical characteristics of shared taxes and subsidies in the Czech Republic. Based on established methodological procedures were carried out analysis of both systems. It was found out that into the budgets of local governments are redistributed funds which do not come from their territory. The result of analysis is the finding that both systems are based on the interregional redistribution. Last part of this thesis focuses on a brief analysis of the planned amendment.

A violência é considerada uma questão social, ou ainda, um fenômeno social e histórico, que ocorre nas diversas formas de relações humanas e que pode se manifestar em atos individuais ou institucionais, ou seja, realizados por pessoas, grupos, nações, com o objetivo de provocar algum dano físico ou psicológico em outrem. O termo violência, no presente trabalho, refere-se às mortes por causas externas, que incluem as mortes intencionais e as mortes não intencionais, ou seja, agressões, suicídios e acidentes em geral. O objetivo é analisar a evolução da carga de mortalidade no estado do Rio de Janeiro e propor a realocação dos óbitos cuja intenção é indeterminada através de uma nova metodologia. Os dados utilizados são provenientes do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Neste estudo, foi utilizado o indicador YLL (Years of Life Lost Anos de Vida Perdidos) na avaliação do comportamento das causas violentas ao longo do tempo, no período de 1996 a 2009, para as macrorregionais de saúde do estado do Rio de Janeiro, através de modelos de efeitos mistos. Foi aplicada a regressão logística multinomial nos óbitos com causa básica conhecida, utilizando as informações como lesões e características individuais das vítimas, para prever qual seria a causa básica de morte nos registros indeterminados com características semelhantes aos óbitos com causas conhecidas. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a violência aumentou em regiões do interior do estado, com destaque para a macrorregional Norte. Na capital e nas regiões metropolitanas, houve uma estabilização das taxas, com exceção para as mortes por agressão que sofreram queda, porém as taxas de YLL permaneceram elevadas. As duas metodologias de realocação, da Carga de Doença e desta nova proposta, aumentam todas as taxas de mortalidade por grupo de causas, porém o grupo que sofreu maior impacto foi o de quedas. Os resultados encontrados, apesar das limitações, apontam para uma proposta de combinação das duas metodologias. Para os óbitos com causa básica de Y10 (Envenenamento [intoxicação] por e exposição a analgésicos, antipiréticos e anti-reumáticos nãoopiáceos, intenção não determinada) a Y33 (Outros fatos ou eventos especificados, intenção não determinada), seria utilizada a metodologia da Carga de Doenças e, para os óbitos de Y34 (Fatos ou eventos não especificados e intenção não determinada), seria utilizado o método proposto. / Violence is considered a social issue, or even a social and historical phenomenon, which occurs in various forms of human relations and that can manifest itself in acts of individuals and institutions, ie, carried out by individuals, groups, nations, in order to cause any physical or psychological harm on others. The term violence in this study refers to deaths from external causes, including intentional and unintentional deaths, ie, assaults, suicides and accidents in general. The objective is to analyze the evolution of the mortality burden in the state of Rio de Janeiro and propose the reallocation of deaths by undetermined intent through a new methodology. The data used are from the Mortality Information System. In this study, it was used the indicator YLL (Years of Life Lost) to assess the causes of violent behavior over time in the period 1996-2009, for the great region health state of Rio de Janeiro, using mixed effects models. The multinomial logistic regression was applied in death data by known underlying cause, using informations such as injuries and individual characteristics of victims, to predict what would be the underlying cause of death undetermined in the records with similar characteristics to the deaths with known causes. The results show that violence has increased in the state, with emphasis on great region North. In the capital and metropolitan areas, there was a stabilization of rates, except for deaths due to assaults, that decreased, but YLL rates remained high. The two methods of relocation, the Burden of Disease Method and this new proposal, all of them increase mortality rates by group of causes, but the group that suffered the greatest impact was the one of death by falls. The results, though limited, suggest a proposal of combination of the two methodologies. For deaths with underlying cause of Y10 (Poisoning by and exposure to nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics, undetermined intent) to Y33 (Other specified events, undetermined intent), the methodology would be the Burden of Disease Method, and for the deaths of Y34 (Unspecified event, undetermined intent), it would be used the proposed method.

abstract: In Latin America food insecurity is still prevailing in those regions where extreme poverty and political instability are common. Tseltal communities are experiencing changes due to religious conversions and the incursion of external political institutions. These changes have diminished the importance of traditional reciprocal and redistributive institutions that historically have been essential for personal and community survival. This dissertation investigated the impact that variations on governance systems and presence of reciprocal and distributional exchanges have on the food security status of communities. Qualitative data collected in four communities through 117 free lists and 117 semi-structured interviews was used to elaborate six scales that correspond to the traditional and civic authority system and to inter-community and intra-community reciprocity and redistribution. I explore the relationship that the scores of four communities on those scales have on the food security status of their inhabitants based on their results on the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Findings from this study suggest that in marginalized communities that many scientists would described as experiencing market failure, participation in inter-community reciprocal, intra-community reciprocal and intra-community redistribution are better predictors of food security than enrollment in food security programs. Additionally, communities that participated the most in these non-market mechanisms have stronger traditional institutions. In contrast, communities that participated more in inter-community redistribution scored higher on the civic authority scale, are enrolled in more food aid programs, but are less food secure. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Environmental Social Science 2015

abstract: This dissertation examines whether participatory budgeting (PB) processes, as a case of participatory governance and an innovative approach to local governance, promote inclusive and deliberative government decision-making and social justice outcomes. The first chapter introduces the case of the dissertation, PB in the city of Seoul, South Korea. It reviews the history of PB and the literature on PB in South Korea and discusses three issues that arise when implementing legally mandated PB. The second chapter explores whether inclusive PB processes redistribute financial resources even without the presence of explicit equity criteria, using the last four years of PB resource allocation data and employing multi-level statistical analysis. The findings show that having a more inclusive process to encourage citizen participation helps poorer districts to win more resources than wealthier ones. The third chapter is a follow-up exploratory study; the possible reasons behind the redistributive effects of PB are discussed using interview data with PB participants. The findings suggest that the PB process could have been redistributive because it provided an opportunity for the people living in the comparatively poorer neighborhoods to participate in the government decision-making process. Additionally, when scoring proposals, participants valued ‘needs’ and ‘urgency’ as the most important criteria. The last chapter examines the 32 PB meetings in order to find the combinations of conditions that lead to a deliberative participatory process, employing qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). This dissertation contributes to the field of public management, and particularly participatory governance by providing a review of the literature on PB in South Korea, presenting empirical evidence on the redistributive effect of PB without explicit equity criteria, and finding the combinations of meeting conditions that could be used to promote deliberation in the context of PB. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Public Administration and Policy 2018

A violência é considerada uma questão social, ou ainda, um fenômeno social e histórico, que ocorre nas diversas formas de relações humanas e que pode se manifestar em atos individuais ou institucionais, ou seja, realizados por pessoas, grupos, nações, com o objetivo de provocar algum dano físico ou psicológico em outrem. O termo violência, no presente trabalho, refere-se às mortes por causas externas, que incluem as mortes intencionais e as mortes não intencionais, ou seja, agressões, suicídios e acidentes em geral. O objetivo é analisar a evolução da carga de mortalidade no estado do Rio de Janeiro e propor a realocação dos óbitos cuja intenção é indeterminada através de uma nova metodologia. Os dados utilizados são provenientes do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Neste estudo, foi utilizado o indicador YLL (Years of Life Lost Anos de Vida Perdidos) na avaliação do comportamento das causas violentas ao longo do tempo, no período de 1996 a 2009, para as macrorregionais de saúde do estado do Rio de Janeiro, através de modelos de efeitos mistos. Foi aplicada a regressão logística multinomial nos óbitos com causa básica conhecida, utilizando as informações como lesões e características individuais das vítimas, para prever qual seria a causa básica de morte nos registros indeterminados com características semelhantes aos óbitos com causas conhecidas. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a violência aumentou em regiões do interior do estado, com destaque para a macrorregional Norte. Na capital e nas regiões metropolitanas, houve uma estabilização das taxas, com exceção para as mortes por agressão que sofreram queda, porém as taxas de YLL permaneceram elevadas. As duas metodologias de realocação, da Carga de Doença e desta nova proposta, aumentam todas as taxas de mortalidade por grupo de causas, porém o grupo que sofreu maior impacto foi o de quedas. Os resultados encontrados, apesar das limitações, apontam para uma proposta de combinação das duas metodologias. Para os óbitos com causa básica de Y10 (Envenenamento [intoxicação] por e exposição a analgésicos, antipiréticos e anti-reumáticos nãoopiáceos, intenção não determinada) a Y33 (Outros fatos ou eventos especificados, intenção não determinada), seria utilizada a metodologia da Carga de Doenças e, para os óbitos de Y34 (Fatos ou eventos não especificados e intenção não determinada), seria utilizado o método proposto. / Violence is considered a social issue, or even a social and historical phenomenon, which occurs in various forms of human relations and that can manifest itself in acts of individuals and institutions, ie, carried out by individuals, groups, nations, in order to cause any physical or psychological harm on others. The term violence in this study refers to deaths from external causes, including intentional and unintentional deaths, ie, assaults, suicides and accidents in general. The objective is to analyze the evolution of the mortality burden in the state of Rio de Janeiro and propose the reallocation of deaths by undetermined intent through a new methodology. The data used are from the Mortality Information System. In this study, it was used the indicator YLL (Years of Life Lost) to assess the causes of violent behavior over time in the period 1996-2009, for the great region health state of Rio de Janeiro, using mixed effects models. The multinomial logistic regression was applied in death data by known underlying cause, using informations such as injuries and individual characteristics of victims, to predict what would be the underlying cause of death undetermined in the records with similar characteristics to the deaths with known causes. The results show that violence has increased in the state, with emphasis on great region North. In the capital and metropolitan areas, there was a stabilization of rates, except for deaths due to assaults, that decreased, but YLL rates remained high. The two methods of relocation, the Burden of Disease Method and this new proposal, all of them increase mortality rates by group of causes, but the group that suffered the greatest impact was the one of death by falls. The results, though limited, suggest a proposal of combination of the two methodologies. For deaths with underlying cause of Y10 (Poisoning by and exposure to nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics, undetermined intent) to Y33 (Other specified events, undetermined intent), the methodology would be the Burden of Disease Method, and for the deaths of Y34 (Unspecified event, undetermined intent), it would be used the proposed method.

No cálculo das perdas progressivas de protensão, decorrentes da retração e da fluência do concreto e da relaxação do aço de protensão, a norma NBR 6118 prescreve dois procedimentos simplificados, indicados para fase única de operação, ou seja, quando se consideram fases únicas de concretagem, de carregamento permanente e de protensão; e o método geral de cálculo, que permite considerar ações permanentes aplicadas em idades diferentes, e tratar a seção transversal constituída de diversas camadas discretas. Neste trabalho será desenvolvido o método dos prismas equivalentes, baseado no conceito das fibras conjugadas, e com a proposta de Trost-Bazant para consideração de fluência e retração dos materiais. Possibilita-se, assim, o cálculo da redistribuição de tensões em qualquer seção, como também da redistribuição de esforços em estruturas hiperestáticas devido a deformações diferidas. Será feita a sistematização do cálculo para o caso usual da seção resultante de laje concretada sobre viga pré-moldada protendida, permitindo considerar as idades diversas de concreto como também as várias camadas de cabos de protensão, e de armaduras passivas. A análise de redistribuição de esforços em estruturas hiperestáticas será baseada nas mudanças de curvatura das seções provocadas pelos efeitos progressivos. Será feita uma aplicação a uma ponte em viga protendida contínua de seção caixão, construída pela anexação de cinco vãos sucessivos. / When calculating prestress time-dependent losses, resulting from concrete shrinkage and creep, as well as from the relaxation of prestress steel, the standard NBR 6118 establishes two simple procedures. They are prescribed when operating in single phase, i.e., when considering single steps for concrete pouring, permanent load and prestress. The general method used in calculations allows that permanent actions be applied to different ages, and that the cross-section constituted by several discrete layers be handled. This work will develop the method of equivalent prisms, based on the concept of creep fibers, using the Trost-Bazant proposal when considering material creep and shrinkage. This method allows calculating the redistribution of tensions in any section, as well as the redistribution of straining in statically indeterminate structures, due to time-dependent deformations. The systematic calculation will be developed for a normal case of the resulting section in cast-inplace slab over precast girder. This allows considering the different ages of the concrete, as well as the multiple layers of cables, and non-prestressed reinforcement. An analysis of the strain redistribution in statically indeterminate structures will be based on the curvature changes in sections, which are provoked by time-dependent effects. An application will be made to a bridge of prestressed continuous box girder, formed by the attachment of five successive spans.