Stormwater retention basins are an integral component of municipal stormwater management strategies in North America. The province of Ontario’s Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change obligates land developers to implement stormwater management in their land use and development plans to mitigate the effects of urbanization (Bradford and Gharabaghi, 2004). When stormwater retention ponds are improperly designed or maintained, these basins can fail at improving effluent water quality and may exasperate water quality issues. Intense H2S production events in stormwater infrastructure is a serious problem which is seldom encountered and documented in stormwater retention ponds. This study monitored two stormwater retention ponds situated in the Riverside South community, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada for a period of 15 consecutive months to thoroughly characterize intense hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in a stormwater retention pond under ice covered conditions during winter operation and during periods of drought under non-ice covered conditions during the summer. Field experiments showed a strong relationship (p < 0.006, R > 0.58, n = 20+) between hypoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration < 2 mg/L) and the intense production of H2S gas. Ice-capping of the stormwater ponds during winter severely hindered reaeration of the pond and led to significant production of total sulfides in the Riverside South Pond #2 (RSP2), which subsequently resulted in the accumulation of total sulfides in the water column (20.7 mg/L) during winter in this pond. There was a perceived lag phase between the drop in DO and the increase in total sulfides near the surface, which was potentially indicative of slow movement of total sulfides from the benthic sediment into the water column. These high-sulfide conditions persisted in RSP2 from early January 2015 until the spring thaw, in mid-April, 2015. Riverside South Pond #1 (RSP1), the reference pond studied in this work, showed significantly less production of total sulfides across a significantly shorter period of time. Analysis of the microbial communities showed that there was little change in the dominant bacterial populations present in the benthic sediment of the pond demonstrating significant total sulfide production (RSP2) and the pond that did not demonstrate significant total sulfide production (RSP1). Additionally, it was found that locations with the most accumulated sediment had the highest propensity for the production of H2S gas. Furthermore, there was no perceivable community shift in the two ponds throughout the seasons, indicating that the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in stormwater benthic sediment are ubiquitous, exist in an acclimatized microbial population and are robust. Study of the microbial abundances revealed that SRB represented approximately 5.01 ± 0.79 % of the microbes present in the benthic sediment of RSP2. Likewise, in the stormwater pond which did not experience intense H2S gas production, RSP1, 6.22 ± 2.11 % of microbes were of the SRB type, demonstrating that H2S gas production does not correspond to higher concentrations of SRB or the proliferation of dominant species, but rather is a symptom of increased bacterial activity due to favourable environmental conditions. In addition, this work also covers the kinetics of sediment oxygen demand (SOD), ammonification and sulfate-reduction, and attempts to understand the processes leading to H2S gas production events. In doing so, it was observed that kinetics obtained full-scale field studies were greater than in laboratory kinetic experiments. Laboratory experiments at 4°C identified total SOD, ammonification and sulfate-reduction kinetics to be 0.023 g/m2/day, 0.027 g N/m2/day and 0.004 g S/m2/day, respectively. Meanwhile, kinetics calculated from the field study of stormwater retention ponds for total SOD, ammonification and sulfate-reduction were of 0.491 g/m2/day, 0.120 g N/m2/day and 0.147 g S/m2/day, respectively. It is expected that this difference is due to the depth of active sediment influencing the total rates of production/consumption, making area-normalized daily rates of production/consumption (g/m2/day) unsuitable for the comparison of field and laboratory studies, without some scaling factor. This study also measured supplementary kinetic parameters such as the Arrhenius coefficients and the half-saturation coefficient, to add to existing knowledge of sulfate-reduction.

A atividade de teste é essencial para a garantia de qualidade do software e deveria ser empregada durante todo o processo de desenvolvimento. Entretanto, o esforço para a sua aplicação e o alto custo envolvido, comprometem sua utilização de maneira adequada. Durante o processo de desenvolvimento ágil, onde o tempo é um fator crítico, otimizar a atividade de testes sem afetar a qualidade é uma tarefa desafiadora. Apesar do crescente interesse em pesquisas sobre testes no contexto de métodos ágeis, poucas evidências são encontradas sobre avaliação do esforço para elaboração, evolução e manutenção dos testes nesse contexto. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem para predição de defeitos desenvolvida para o contexto do desenvolvimento ágil e, portanto, considerando as características deste processo de desenvolvimento. Essa abordagem pode ser aplicada quando se considera ou não o desenvolvimento dirigido a testes. A abordagem permite priorizar a execução dos testes com base em uma lista de arquivos que apresentam maior probabilidade de apresentarem defeitos. A abordagem proposta foi avaliada por meio de um estudo de caso conduzido em um ambiente real de desenvolvimento. Como resultado obtido, observou-se que a abordagem melhorou a qualidade do projeto desenvolvido, sem aumentar o esforço durante a atividade de teste de software. / The testing activity is essential to ensure the software quality and should be applied during all steps of the developing process. However the required effort to do this and the high cost involved, compromises its proper usage. During the agile development process, in which time is a critical factor, optimizing the testing activity without affecting quality is a challenge. Despite the growing interest in research based agile method testing, few works are found on the evaluation of the effort to prepare, develop and maintain test cases in this context. This paper proposes an approach for fault prediction in the context of agile development and therefore considering the characteristics of this development process. This approach can be applied both when considering test-driven development or not. It allows prioritizing the execution of tests based on a list containing files most likely to fail. The proposed approach was evaluated by a case study conducted in a real development environment. The results indicate that the approach can improve the quality of the projects without increasing the effort during the testing activity.

Abstract available in the Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of nitrogen oxides emissions in exhaust gases and possibilities of their reduction. The task of the thesis was analysis of systems for NOX reduction by contemporary diesel engines, design and construction of NOX reduction device for given diesel engine, then verify functionality of this system compiled from commercially available components. In the last part of thesis available measurements will be made with an analysis of achieved results.

No description available.

A pretest-posttest control group design was used to compare the effectiveness of a behavioral caloric reduction/exercise increase treatment package with a caloric reduction approach. The participants consisted of 32 people selected from those responding to a community newspaper advertisement announcing the weight control program. The caloric reduction/exercise treatment group focused on energy expenditure methods for reducing weight and improving physical fitness along with procedures for controlling food intake patterns. The caloric reduction group concentrated on procedures for controlling food intake patterns only. The results indicated that weight loss was achieved by both the caloric reduction group and the combined caloric reduction and exercise group, however, the latter group achieved significantly higher weight loss. Additionally, all measures of physical fitness improved most for the combined group. The results suggest the necessity of combining caloric reduction approaches and exercise in treating obesity.

The aim of this diploma thesis is the assay of total alkaloids in different tobacco types. To measure the content of total alkaloids are utilized types of tobacco used for preparation of tobacco blends and consecutive production of cigarettes. The samples of analyzed tobacco include various countries of cultivation and different crop years. There is described tobacco as a plant, in it contained alkaloids and the utilization of tobacco in the theoretical part. In more detail it deals with the production and construction of cigarettes which is closely related to the content monitoring of total alkaloids in tobacco. The contents of total alkaloids are determined by the continuous flow analyzer- SKALAR. On this spectrophotometer are set the contens of reducing sugars as well. The comparison of total alkaloids contents and reducing sugars from the perspective of single tobacco types, countries of cultivation and crop years is clearly summarized in the experimental part of the thesis that was performed in the company Philip Morris ČR, a.s.

Orientador: Ana Julia Fernandes / Resumo: Atividades portuárias são consideradas fontes de contaminação por metais, que em altas concentrações são tóxicos aos microrganismos, podendo mudar o tamanho, a composição e a atividade da comunidade microbiana. Essa pressão seletiva faz com que bactérias desenvolvam mecanismos para combater o estresse causado por eles. Diversos grupos de microrganismos que desenvolvem sistemas de tolerância a metais podem fazer sua biorremediação. Bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS) podem, devido ao seu metabolismo, precipitar metais facilitando sua remoção. A hipótese é que em áreas portuárias exista uma alteração na comunidade microbiana onde são favorecidos microrganismos resistentes, aumentando a chance do isolamento de bactérias resistentes com potencial biotecnológico. Portanto o objetivo dessa tese foi avaliar a influência da contaminação de metais na comunidade microbiana em áreas portuárias e na seleção de cepas resistentes, e isolar cepas de BRS com potencial biotecnológico. Para isso, foram coletados sedimentos de 2 áreas portuárias (Santos e São Sebastião) e uma área pristina (Ubatuba). Foram caracterizadas variáveis ambientais do sedimento (como pH, salinidade, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, porcentagem de matéria orgânica, concentrações de Cr, Cu, Cd e Zn). Foi extraído DNA total do sedimento para caracterização da comunidade utilizando sequenciamento Mi-Seq. Os sedimentos serviram como inóculo para isolamento de cepas que foram submetidas a testes de resistência aos metais.... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Port activities are considered sources of metal contamination, which in high concentrations are toxic to microorganisms, and can change the size, composition and activity of the microbial community. This selective pressure forces bacteria to develop resistance mechanisms. Several microorganisms groups that develop metal tolerance systems can perform their bioremediation. One example is Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Because of their metabolism, this group can precipitate metals facilitating their removal. In this way, the hypothesis is that in port areas there is a change in the microbial community where resistant microorganisms are favored, increasing the chance of isolation of resistant bacteria with biotechnological potential. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was evaluate the influence of metal contamination in the microbial community in port areas and in the selection of resistant strains, and to isolate strains of SRB with biotechnological potential. For this, sediments were collected from two port areas (Santos and São Sebastião) and one pristine area (Ubatuba). Sediment environmental variables were characterized (such as pH, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, percentage of organic matter, concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd and Zn). Total DNA was extracted from the sediment for community characterization using Mi-Seq sequencing. The sediments was used as inoculum for strain isolation, and the metal resistance was checked. The most contaminated sediments also wa... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Anhand eines Referenzmodells für ein automatisches Lager mit zwei Regalbediengeräten in einer Gasse wurde ein Algorithmus entwickelt, der für einen bekannten Auftragspool eine (Batch-) Optimierung und beim Einsatz von Mehrfachlastaufnahmemitteln zusätzlich eine Tourenoptimierung vornimmt. Die Spiele beider Geräte werden aufeinander abgestimmt, die Spielzeit wird minimiert. Es liegt ein Berechnungswerkzeug vor, mit dem die Spieldauer beim Einsatz von zwei Geräten und überlagerten Bedienbereichen ermittelt werden kann. Die Ergebnisse sind auf automatisierte Brückenkrane mit überlagerten Bedienbereichen übertragbar. Dazu wird ein Anwendungsbeispiel vorgestellt.

Legal regulation of climate protection following the adoption of the Paris Agreement Abstract The Paris Agreement was adopted on 12 December 2015 and became effective on 4 November 2016. The Agreement's central aim is to keep the increase in global average temperature well below 2žC above pre-industrial levels and to limit the increase to 1.5žC. The Agreement starts to apply in 2020. Under the Paris Agreement, each Party must communicate its nationally determined contributions, which will help to achieve the purpose of the Agreement. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the development of the legal protection of the Earth's climate system in the European Union after the adoption of the Paris Agreement. Part One is subdivided into four chapters. The first chapter is introductory and provides an overview of basic terminology, scientific knowledge and observed changes in climate and their impact. Chapter Two deals with the subject matter of international climate change law. Chapter Three deals with the legal sources of international law, in particular with international conventions. Legal principles are described there as well. Chapter Four looks at the historical development of the international protection of the climate. Also, it focuses on the analysis of the Paris Agreement. This chapter describes the...