Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Seeking to navigate and explore diasporic identity, as reflected in and by transatlantic narrative spaces, this thesis looks to three very different novels birthed out of the Atlantic context (at different points of the Atlantic triangle and at different moments in history): Our Sister Killjoy or Reflections from a Black-eyed Squint (1977) by Ama Ata Aidoo, The Chosen Place, The Timeless People (1969) by Paule Marshall and Crossing the River (1993) by Caryl Phillips. Recognising the weight of location – cultural, geographic, temporal – on the literary construction of transatlantic identity, this thesis traces the way in which Aidoo, Marshall and Phillips use fictional texts as tools for grappling with ideas of home and belonging in a world of displacement, fracture and (ex)change. Uncovering the impact of roots, as well as routes (rupta via) on the realisation of identity for the diasporic subject, this study reveals and wrestles with various narrative portrayals of the diasporic condition (a profoundly human condition). Our Sister Killjoy presents identity as inherently imbricated with nationalism and pan-Africanism, whereas The Chosen Place presents identity as tidalectic, caught in the interstices between western and African subjectivities. In Crossing the River on the other hand, diasporic identification is constructed as transnational, fractal and perpetually in-process. This study argues that in the absence of an established sense of terra firma the respective authors actively construct home through narrative, resulting in what Erica L. Johnson has described as terragraphica. In this way, each novel is perceived and explored as a particular terragraphica as well as a fictional lieux de mémoire (to borrow Pierre Nora’s conception of “sites of memory”). Using the memories of transatlantic characters as (broken) windows through which to view history, as well as filters through which the present can be understood (or refracted), are techniques that Aidoo, Marshall and Phillips employ (although, Aidoo’s use of memory is less obvious). Tapping into various sites of memory in the lives of the fictional characters, the novels themselves become mediums of remembering, not as a means of storing facts about the past, but for the ambivalent purpose of understanding the impact of the past on the present. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In ’n poging om diasporiese identiteit te karteer en te ondersoek, betrek hierdie verhandeling drie uiteenlopende romans wat in die Atlantiese konteks, naamlik vanuit die verskillende hoeke van die Atlantiese driehoek en verskillende geskiedkundige Atlantiese momente, ontstaan het. Die drie romans sluit in: Our Sister Killjoy or Reflections from a Black-eyed Squint (1977) deur Ama Ata Aidoo, The Chosen Place, The Timeless People (1969) deur Paule Marshall en Crossing the River (1993) deur Caryl Phillips. Deur die belangrikheid van plek – kultureel, geografies en temporeel – in die literêre konstruksie van transatlantiese identiteit, te beklemtoon, spoor hierdie verhandeling die manier waarop Aidoo, Marshall en Phillips fiktiewe tekste aanwend na om sin te maak van idees oor tuiste en geborgenheid in ’n wêreld van verdringing, skeuring en (ver)wisseling. Deur die impak van die oorsprong op, asook die weg (rupta via) na, die verwesenliking van identiteit vir die diasporiese subjek te toon, onthul en worstel hierdie tesis met verskeie narratiewe uitbeeldings van die diasporiese toestand (’n toestand eie aan die mens). Our Sister Killjoy stel identiteit as inherent vermeng met nasionalisme en pan-Afrikanisme voor, terwyl The Chosen Place identiteit as tidalekties uitbeeld – vasgevang tussen westerse en Afrika-subjektiwiteite. In Crossing the River word diasporiese identifisering egter gekonstrueer as transnasionaal, fraktaal en ewigdurend in ’n proses van ontwikkeling. Hierdie studie voer verder aan dat die onderskeie skrywers tuiste aktief deur narratief konstrueer in die afwesigheid van ’n gevestigde bewustheid van terra firma, of onbekende land of plek. Die gevolg is ’n voortvloeiing van wat deur Erica L. Johnson beskryf word as terragraphica. Vervolgens word elk van die romans gesien en verken as ’n spesifieke terragraphica asook ’n fiktiewe lieux de mémoire, gegrond in Pierre Nora se konsep “sites of memory”. Die benutting van transatlantiese karakters se herhinneringe as (gebreekte) vensters waardeur die geskiedenis bespeur kan word en filters waardeur die hede verstaan (of gerefrakteer) kan word, is die tegnieke wat Aidoo, Marshall en Phillips aanwend – alhoewel Aidoo se gebruik van geheue minder ooglopend is. Deur verskeie terreine van geheue in die lewens van die fiktiewe karakters te betrek, ontwikkel die romans tot mediums van onthou, nie in die sin van feite van die verlede wat gestoor word nie, maar met die dubbelsinnige doel om die impak van die verlede op die hede te verstaan.

«Expériences aberrantes» : Une lecture de la société dans les romans expérimentaux de la Grande-Bretagne et de la France entre 1945 et 1975, conteste l’idée d’un rôle secondaire du roman expérimental dans le contexte socio-culturel d'après-guerre. Ma thèse resitue le roman expérimental britannique et français de cette période dans un espace de correspondances critiques ce qui permet de remettre en cause un certain nombre d’affirmations qui perdurent à son sujet et de proposer une nouvelle approche critique de ce corpus.Je soutiens qu’un regard aveugle, ou appropriatif, tourné vers ces textes, les a dépouillés de leur reflet du social ; c’est ce qui m’a poussé à tenter de les restituer dans leur contexte d'origine. C’est dans ce but que, à quelques exceptions près, je relie le roman expérimental à ses principes originels, tel qu’ils furent exposés par Émile Zola dans Le Roman expérimental (1880), à savoir une « cellule blanche » au sein du « circulus social », qui recèle le potentiel de « guérir » la société de ses délires. C’est à cette fin que cette thèse vient imiter les procédés de la médecine expérimentale ; avec trois étapes, chacune constituant un stade du traitement expérimental d’une maladie sociale. De ce fait, la première partie aborde la perception de la maladie, où j’observe le reflet des relations sociales et de la présence culturelle dans le roman expérimental. Je présente aussi les symptômes de cette maladie, décrits comme des problématiques d'histoire, de la culture dominante, et de l’exercice même de la critique. La deuxième partie conduit cette étude à sa phase de diagnostic de la maladie qui est dressé à travers l’étude du contenu des romans expérimentaux. La troisième partie, enfin, tente d’étudier les outils expérimentaux employés afin de déconstruire ces délires ; donc de manifestement essayer de ‘guérir la société’ de la maladie décrite dans les parties précédentes. / “Aberrant experiments”: reading society in the novel experiments of Britain and France 1945-1975 contests the reduced position of the experimental novel in the post-war socio-cultural sphere. My thesis situates the experimental novel of the period in Britain and France in a space of critical connectivity that both challenges a number of prevailing critical orthodoxies, and potentially offers new avenues of critical attention within the subject. I also argue that the blind, or appropriative, eye turned to these texts has acted to disjoint them from their potential social reflections, and here try to reposition them within their native atmosphere; thus refind this ground. To such an end, I, with some exceptions, return the experimental novel to its original tenets as set out in 1880 by Émile Zola in Le Roman expérimental as a ‘white cell’ within the ‘social circulus’ that harbours the potential to ‘cure’ society of its ‘delusions’, and develop this schema further. As such, this thesis mimics the processes of experimental medicine; in which its three partitions deal each with a different stage of the experimental treatment of a social illness. In such, the first partition approaches the perception of sickness; where I observe depictions of social relation and cultural presence in the experimental novel, and the symptoms of illness there-in described as issues of history, dominant culture; and indeed the field of critique itself. Following this, the second partition brings the study into the phase of diagnosis of sickness; where the illness itself is diagnosed through a content study of the experimental novel. This then follows to the third and final partition, which attempts to view the experimental techniques employed in order to ‘break down’ these delusions; in essence attempt to indeed ‘cure society’ of the sickness described in the preceding partitions.

Die Arbeit behandelt die vielseitigen Möglichkeiten im Bereich der Kristallstrukturanalyse mit Röntgenstrahlung, welche sich zusätzlich bei resonanter Anregung von Elektronenübergängen ergeben. Existierende resonante Methoden aus diesem Bereich werden im materialwissenschaftlichen Kontext neu dargelegt und ausgebaut. Zudem werden neue Methoden zur Strukturverfeinerung vorgestellt, welche darauf zielen, mithilfe resonanter Anregung kleine Abweichungen von der Idealstruktur oder aber Phasenumwandlungen zu beschreiben. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die hier erstmals ausgearbeitete Methode der Unterdrückung von Beugungsintensität durch Variation der atomaren Streufaktoren über gezieltes Einstellen der Röntgenenergie. Dies ist stark abhängig von internen Strukturparametern und ermöglichte so eine pikometergenaue Bestimmung von Atompositionen in einer neuen, polaren Oberflächenschicht des Strontiumtitanats. Weitere Anwendungen auf verschiedene Klassen kristalliner Materialien werden vorgestellt und basieren auf unterschiedlichen Aspekten resonanter Beugung wie zum Beispiel verbotenen Reflexen.

Computing education has struggled with student engagement and diversity in the student population for a long time. Research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education suggests that taking a social, long-term perspective on learning is a fruitful approach to resolving some of these persistent challenges. A longitudinal study has been conducted, following students from two computing study programmes (CS/IT) over a three-year period. The students reflected on their experiences with CS/IT in a series of interviews. Drawing on social identity theory, the analysis has focused on describing participation in CS/IT, doing, thinking, feeling in relation to CS/IT, as negotiated among different people. Phenomenographic analysis yields an outcome space that describes increasingly broad ways in which the students experience participation in CS/IT over the years. Two further outcome spaces provide nuanced insights into experiences that are of increasing relevance as the students advance in their studies; participation as problem solving and problem solving for others. Problem solving defined as solving difficult (technical) problems seems predominate in the learning environment. Problem solving for others brings the user into perspective, but first in the human computer interaction (HCI) course in year three. Students react with scepticism to HCI, excluding HCI from computing, some are students who commenced their studies with broader interests in computing. Demonstrating (technical) problem solving competence is the most vital indicator competence in the two study programmes and the students adapt their reflections on who they are as computing students and professionals accordingly. People showing broader interests in computing risk being marginalised. I identify a gap between conceptions of computing as interdisciplinary and important for society and constructions of computing as technical. Closing the gap could improve retention and diversity, and result in graduates that are better prepared to contribute to societal development.

The purpose of the study was to attain a deeper sense of understanding of the teacher’s stress experience during interactions with a learner suffering from behavioural and emotional problems. The study was undertaken within the interpretive paradigm. A qualitative research design of three case studies (schools, with two participants per school) was used. The case studies were carried out per school since the school establishes the context for the narrative of the stress experiences. Data capturing was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews. The main themes that emanated from the interviews were: the emotions of the teachers, the handling of stress resulting from the relation to the learner and own stresses, and a general reflection of the teachers regarding their own stress experiences. An overall view was taken of the relationship between the context and participants’ stress experiences. The main findings showed a clear correlation between the intensity of the stress experience on the one hand, and the individual’s perception of an incident and his/her need for control on the other. The headmaster’s leadership style and the organizational culture can influence the participants’ experience and their handling of class incidents. Professional and personal stressors have a mutual influence on one another. Reflections appear to play a major part in how stress is dealt with. / Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Educational Psychology / MEd / unrestricted

This thesis is aimed at simulation of auditory space. It describes the most frequently used panning method: Vector Base Amplitude Panning. Also is focused on image source method, which allows computing the parameters of direct sound wave and reflections in rectangular room. This method is compared with ray–tracing method, which is also often used. It deals with the matter of the frequency – dependent absorption of materials in reflection of the sound wave against the wall. On the basis of these information two applications were designed in MATLAB development environment. The first one allows the simulation of auditory space. The other one is the application for sound source panning by its azimuth and distance.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation et l'analyse mathématique de certains problèmes liés aux écoulements en suspension.Le premier chapitre concerne la justification du modèle de type transport-Stokes pour la sédimentation de particules sphériques dans un fluide de Stokes où l'inertie des particules est négligée et leur rotation est prise en compte. Ce travail est une extension des résultats antérieurs pour un ensemble plus général de configurations de particules.Le deuxième chapitre concerne la sédimentation d'une distribution d'amas de paires de particules dans un fluide de Stokes. Le modèle dérivé est une équation de transport-Stokes décrivant l'évolution de la position et l'orientation des amas. Nous nous intéressons par la suite au cas où l'orientation des amas est initialement corrélée aux positions. Un résultat d'existence locale et d'unicité pour le modèle dérivé est présenté.Dans le troisième chapitre, nous nous intéressons à la dérivation d'un modèle de type fluide-cinétique pour l'évolution d'un aérosol dans les voies respiratoires. Ce modèle prend en compte la variation du rayon des particules et leur température due à l'échange d'humidité entre l'aérosol et l'air ambiant. Les équations décrivant le mouvement de l'aérosol est une équation de type Vlasov-Navier Stokes couplée avec des équations d'advection diffusion pour l'évolution de la température et la vapeur d'eau dans l'air ambiant.Le dernier chapitre traite de l'analyse mathématique de l'équation de transport-Stokes dérivée au premier chapitre. Nous présentons un résultat d'existence et d'unicité globale pour des densités initiales de type $L^1 cap L^infty$ ayant un moment d'ordre un fini. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à des densités initiales de type fonction caractéristique d'une gouttelette et montrons un résultat d'existence locale et d'unicité d'une paramétrisation régulière de la surface de la gouttelette. Enfin nous présentons des simulations numériques montrant l'aspect instable de la gouttelette. / This thesis is devoted to the modelling and mathematical analysis of some aspects of suspension flows.The first chapter concerns the justification of the transport-Stokes equation describing the sedimentation of spherical rigid particles in a Stokes flow where particles rotation is taken into account and inertia is neglected. This work is an extension of former results for a more general set of particles configurations.The second chapter is dedicated to the sedimentation of clusters of particle pairs in a Stokes flow. The derived model is a transport-Stokes equation describing the time evolution of the position and orientation of the cluster. We also investigate the case where the orientation of the cluster is initially correlated to its position. A local existence and uniqueness result for the limit model is provided.In the third chapter, we propose a coupled fluid-kinetic model taking into accountthe radius growth of aerosol particles due to humidity in the respiratorysystem. We aim to numerically investigate the impact of hygroscopic effects onthe particle behaviour. The air flow is described by the incompressibleNavier-Stokes equations, and the aerosol by a Vlasov-type equation involving the air humidity and temperature, both quantities satisfying a convection-diffusion equation with a source term.The last chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the transport-Stokes equation derived in the first chapter. First we present a global existence and uniqueness result for $L^1cap L^infty$ initial densities with finite first moment. Secondly, we consider the case where the initial data is the characteristic function of a droplet. We present a local existence and uniqueness result for a regular parametrization of the droplet surface. Finally, we provide some numerical computations that show the regularity breakup of the droplet.

This thesis deals with the twentieth century Brazilian writer Antônio Callado and his novels written during the Brazilian dictatorship. The aim of this work is to bring the author's literary work, which has not been translated into Czech yet, closer to the Czech reader. Based on the historical context of the Brazilian military dictatorship in 1964-1985, we deal with the urban and rural left-wing resistance, which was quickly suppressed. Further, we focus on how dictatorship and censorship have influenced artistic creation. Subsequently, we concentrate on the author's life and the analysis of three selected works written and published during the dictatorship. The analysis seeks to find out how Callado represented the Brazilian leftist movements in these three novels: Kuarup (Quarup, 1967), Reflections of the Ball (Reflexos do Baile, 1976), Don Juan's Bar (Bar Don Juan, 1971).

Die Arbeit behandelt die vielseitigen Möglichkeiten im Bereich der Kristallstrukturanalyse mit Röntgenstrahlung, welche sich zusätzlich bei resonanter Anregung von Elektronenübergängen ergeben. Existierende resonante Methoden aus diesem Bereich werden im materialwissenschaftlichen Kontext neu dargelegt und ausgebaut. Zudem werden neue Methoden zur Strukturverfeinerung vorgestellt, welche darauf zielen, mithilfe resonanter Anregung kleine Abweichungen von der Idealstruktur oder aber Phasenumwandlungen zu beschreiben. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die hier erstmals ausgearbeitete Methode der Unterdrückung von Beugungsintensität durch Variation der atomaren Streufaktoren über gezieltes Einstellen der Röntgenenergie. Dies ist stark abhängig von internen Strukturparametern und ermöglichte so eine pikometergenaue Bestimmung von Atompositionen in einer neuen, polaren Oberflächenschicht des Strontiumtitanats. Weitere Anwendungen auf verschiedene Klassen kristalliner Materialien werden vorgestellt und basieren auf unterschiedlichen Aspekten resonanter Beugung wie zum Beispiel verbotenen Reflexen.

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