Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / According to the PCN Health is a transversal theme, that is, should permeate all curriculum subjects, in this case the teachers of the discipline of physics must also do everything possible to include the Health Education in their classes. This research presents and discusses the construction, implementation and evaluation of teaching modules that correlate to the Health with Physics. This link was made from the Structurer Theme of PCN+ "Matter and Radiation", within which was chosen specifically the subject "Ultraviolet Radiation" and, within this topic was conducted the integration with the theme Health. The beginning of the study was given through studies and reading of articles on the themes "Science Education" and "Health Education". There was the search for articles on the integration of the discipline of physics with the Health in periodicals and journals of Teaching Physics and Science Education , showing the reduced number of publications using his interterface. The second stage of research was the development and implementation, in the classroom, of teaching modules where the main subject was "The Ultraviolet Radiation and Health Consequences" integrating content with Modern Physics and biological effects in the human body. The teaching modules have been developed and implemented in a class of second year of high school a private school in Rosario do Sul RS. During and after the implementation, teaching modules were evaluated by a reflective teaching practice, where the weak points were analyzed with a view to redesigning and restructuring activities.The prospects for continued work are the improvement of educational materials produced, expanding the list of issues with the Health and Physics. / Segundo os PCN a Saúde é um tema transversal, isto é, deve permear todas as disciplinas do currículo, nesse caso os profesores da disciplina de Física também devem fazer o possível para inserir a Educação em Saúde em suas aulas. Esta pesquisa apresenta e discute a construção, implementação e avaliação de módulos didáticos que relacionam a Física com a Saúde. Esta relação foi feita a partir do Tema Estruturador dos PCN + Matéria e Radiação , dentro do qual foi escolhido especificamente o assunto Radiações Ultravioleta e, no espaço deste assunto, foi realizada a integração com o tema Saúde. O início da pesquisa deu-se por meio de estudos e leituras de artigos acerca dos temas Educação em Ciências e Educação em Saúde . Houve a busca de artigos, sobre a integração da disciplina de Física com a Saúde, em periódicos e revistas da área de Ensino de Física e Educação em Ciências, comprovando o número reduzido de publicações com essa interface. A segunda etapa da pesquisa foi a elaboração e implementação em sala de aula de módulos didáticos onde o assunto principal era As Radiações Ultravioleta e as Consequências para a Saúde integrando conteúdos de Física Moderna com efeitos biológicos no corpo humano. Os módulos didáticos, foram desenvolvidos em 16h/aula e implementados em uma turma do segundo ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola particular de Rosário do Sul RS. Durante e após sua implementação, os módulos didáticos foram avaliados por uma prática docente reflexiva, onde os pontos fracos foram analisados com vistas a reelaboração e reestruturação das atividades. As perspectivas de continuidade do trabalho estão no aprimoramento dos materiais didáticos produzidos, expandindo-se a relação de temas de Física com a Saúde.

Over the last 20 years the nursing profession has widely accepted reflective practices and reflective learning as effective measures to help students provide care in a frequently changing context. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the role of nurse educators in the facilitation of reflective learning in students. The objectives were to explore the reflective teaching practices of nurse educators, describe the learning activities that could promote reflective learning in student nurses and to determine whether the learning environment is conducive to promote reflective teaching and learning. A quantitative, explorative, descriptive study was conducted in nursing education institutions in Gauteng. A total of 121 nurse educators completed a structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that, although nurse educators agree with the importance of reflective practices in the teaching and learning environment they do not necessarily place emphasis on developing their own reflective practices. Reflective learning was not identified as a formal learning approach in the programmes the nurse educators facilitated but the educators did attempt to include reflection in the teaching and learning activities planned. Not enough emphasis is placed on the creation of a teaching and learning environment that will enhance reflection in a non-threatening context. The deeper understanding of reflective learning comes with continued personal reflective practices. Nurse educators should be taught how to facilitate reflective learning activities and how to create an environment conducive to reflection. Through reflective teaching practices students could be supported in developing into critical thinkers hence reflective learning should be a formal teaching and learning approach in nursing curricula / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Marc Prensky’s digital natives theory became popular, because it supplied teachers with answer as to why students were unresponsive to their curriculums. In essence, Prensky’s theory asks: what has changed? In most cases, it is not the teachers’ curriculums that have changed, so it has to be something else. Prensky points to digital technologies, because teachers are now having to teach students who never knew a world without digital technologies—Prensky, of course, asserting that this changes the way students think, which naturally transfers over to how they learn. In short, it is the students that have changed due to digital technologies. According to Prensky, students, within the digital natives generation, would value their courses more if teachers utilized digital technologies in their classroom. However, critics of the digital natives theory assert that Prensky has not considered many variables that could have an effect on how students use digital technologies, such as socio-economic factors, gender, education, and geographic location, and ultimately there is no empirical evidence to support the use of digital technologies in Prensky’s pedagogy (see Sue Bennett and Karl Maton, Chris Jones et al., Anoush Margaryan et al., and Neil Selwyn). Although, I mostly agree with the critics evaluations of the digital natives theories, I believe that there are larger economic variables, such as Gee et al.’s new capitalism, that influence how students value digital technologies as well as literacy and learning. This concept was reflected in the survey that I conducted in order to examine how students value W131 in general, the writing done in W131, and writing done in social digital technologies. The survey demonstrated that students do not understand social digital writing to be writing; therefore, utilizing digital technologies in the writing classroom, as Prensky suggest, would not be beneficial, because it would take a great deal of class time for students to come to the understanding that social digital writing is writing. More importantly, the survey indicated that students are highly career motivated, which influences how students value their courses. For students, a course’s value is determined by how applicable it is to students’ career goals. The survey results suggest that while students recognize that first-year composition (FYC) has value, they do not necessarily see it specifically valuable to their primary goals. Although I believe it is important for students to be able to find value in a course, I am not suggesting that FYC should be tailored to cater to students; on the contrary, I believe that the ideal FYC course would acknowledge the values of the field of study that it pertains to, and attempt to demonstrate to students how those values relate to their own. This is ideal—however, by using the Writing about Writing pedagogy, designed by Douglas Downs and Elizabeth Wardle, this kind of value system may be possible. Downs and Wardle’s pedagogy also has the potential to bridge the value systems of the students, and writing studies, because Downs and Wardle’s pedagogy focuses on students gaining a better understanding of writing studies as a field of study, by engaging and exploring texts that represent writing studies’ central beliefs and important works. Through texts that come out of the writing studies discipline students can gain a better understanding of concepts that come out of writing studies, as well as build a bridge between students’ values and the values of the writing studies discipline. Texts such as chapter six (“The Means of Production: Literacy and Stratification as the Twenty-First Century) of Deborah Brandt’s Literacy in American Lives, James Paul Gee’s “The New Literacy Studies and the ‘Social Turn,’” and Harvey Graff’s “The Literacy Myth at Thirty,” offers students a new perspective on the economic climate that effects the job market, as well as provide a meaningful way into writing studies. In this chapter, I will discuss Downs and Wardle’s Writing about Writing pedagogy, how I would implement their pedagogy in a FYC course, and what would be the ideal learning outcomes for this course.

The Revised National Curriculum Statement of 2002 does not emphasize the need for Education for Sustainable Living (EFSL) in the Arts and Culture (A & C) learning area. Although the RNCS envisages a learner who respects the environment, the curriculum does not cater for the needs of the educators who are relatively new to environmental education and especially EFSL. Educators are faced with a multitude of barriers and constraints. This research attempts to identify the barriers and provide strategies and recommendations to integrate EFSL in the Arts and Culture area. The barriers were identified through a questionnaire that was given to educators in the Port Shepstone region. To make the research more valid some questionnaires were given to schools in the urban areas, in the Durban South region, since most of the schools in the Port Shepstone region are in a rural setting. The strategies and recommendations are highlighted using the researcher's personal experience in the education setting, use of literature and the researcher's encounters at the International Children's Conference on the Environment in Connecticut, USA in 2004 and the World Environmental Conference in Japan in 2005. / Further Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Environmental Education)

楊鑫. / "2013年9月". / "2013 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 334-362). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and Englisha. / Yang Xin.

In the 21st century, an interactive student-centred teaching and learning approach is a dominant approach in schools. As the interactive learning approach took dominance over the traditional teacher-centred teaching approach, reflective practice became a popular teaching and learning strategy in teacher education programmes globally. With the intention of improving the quality of education particularly educating practice-oriented teachers and students, many countries revised their teacher education programmes, with reflective practice taking centre stage. It initiated teachers’ creativity, critical thinking, teacher-student collaboration, and research in gathering data for changing classroom tradition. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how successfully teacher educators implemented reflective practice in educating reflective English Language Teacher (ELT) trainees in the Post Graduate Diploma in Teaching (PGDT) programme. Critical thinking, reflective practice, transformative learning, teacher’s efficacy and social constructivism theories underpinned this study. The participants were purposively selected from two types of institutes, the university and two secondary schools. Five ELT trainee teachers, three teacher educators were sampled from the university and two academic vice-principals were sampled from two secondary schools respectively. The research, framed in a qualitative case study, collected data using semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis. To critically analyse the differences and similarities among the data collected via different instruments from different participants, inter-case analysis was utilised. In analysing the teaching and learning practices, critical discourse analysis (CDA) contributed to answering the research questions which were informed by the main research question. CDA also enabled the researcher to examine the spoken and written words of the reports in detail according to the emerging themes, sub-themes and text content. The concept reflective practice in educating reflective trainee teachers is well endorsed in the curriculum. However, the practice at the university during the teaching of courses and during school-based practicum was compromised due to a number of factors linked to all stakeholders. However, in accordance with constructivist theory, the researcher was able to create new knowledge with the development of a proposed conceptual framework for reflective English Language Teacher (ELT) education in the PGDT programme. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Phil. (Education (Curriculum Studies))

The Revised National Curriculum Statement of 2002 does not emphasize the need for Education for Sustainable Living (EFSL) in the Arts and Culture (A & C) learning area. Although the RNCS envisages a learner who respects the environment, the curriculum does not cater for the needs of the educators who are relatively new to environmental education and especially EFSL. Educators are faced with a multitude of barriers and constraints. This research attempts to identify the barriers and provide strategies and recommendations to integrate EFSL in the Arts and Culture area. The barriers were identified through a questionnaire that was given to educators in the Port Shepstone region. To make the research more valid some questionnaires were given to schools in the urban areas, in the Durban South region, since most of the schools in the Port Shepstone region are in a rural setting. The strategies and recommendations are highlighted using the researcher's personal experience in the education setting, use of literature and the researcher's encounters at the International Children's Conference on the Environment in Connecticut, USA in 2004 and the World Environmental Conference in Japan in 2005. / Further Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Environmental Education)

The Use of Reflective Practices in Applying Strategies Learned Through Professional Development in Social Studies Instruction. Montra L. Rogers, 2016: Applied Dissertation, Nova Southeastern University, Abraham S. Fischler College of Education. ERIC Descriptors: Reflective Teaching, Educational Strategies, Professional Development, Theory Practice Relationship, Social Studies. This applied dissertation examined how middle school social studies teachers in a large urban school district in Texas described and documented their process of self-reflection as they integrated instructional strategies learned in professional training into their social studies courses. The study further explored how social studies teachers perceived reflective practice as an element of professional development and how a reflective practice model such as reflective journaling helped middle school teachers document their process of self-reflection as they applied new strategies to their instructional approaches. The researcher explored the teachers’ actions through the concept of organization learning theory, conducted face-to-face interviews, and analyzed documents, observation notes, and journal responses to uncover the processes, practices, and perceptions of middle school social studies teachers. This study’s findings revealed that, to implement strategies learned during professional development training, participants incorporated newly learned practices into their existing practices and routines. These practices or routines included creating resources and sharing and collaborating with peers. In addition, social studies teachers documented their process of integrating the QSSSA (Question, Stem, Signal, Share, Assess) conversation strategy into their instructional approach by planning lessons that facilitated the use of the newly learned strategy, implementing said lesson, and assessing student learning. Finally, the study’s findings confirmed that professional learning experiences that include elements of reflective practices, such as professional learning communities, provided middle school teachers a greater sense of self-efficacy as they worked to integrate the QSSSA conversation strategy into their instructional routines. Furthermore, a reflective practice model such as journaling provided teachers an avenue to consider both their own practice and the individual needs of their students.

With the new goal of K-12 education being to prepare students to be college and career ready at the end of high school, education needs to start changing at the elementary school level. The literature suggests that teachers need reflective professional development (PD) to effectively teach to the new standards and to demonstrate change to their current instructional practices. This mixed-method multiple-case study investigated the impacts of a reflective professional development (PD) in changing elementary school teachers' instructional practices. Teachers Instructional Portfolios (TIPs) were scored with a TIP rubric based on best practices in teaching mathematics problem-solving and science inquiry. The TIPs were also analyzed with a qualitative coding scheme. Case descriptions were written and all the collected data were used to explain the impacts of the reflective PD on changes in teachers' instructional practices. While we found no predictive patterns in relation to teachers changing their classroom practices based on the reflective PD, we claim that teachers' desire to change might contribute to improvements in instruction. We also observed that teachers' self-assessment scores tend to be higher than the actual TIP scores corroborating with the literature on the usage of self-assessment to evaluate teachers' instructional practices.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and improve reflective teaching in the Ethiopian Secondary School Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs). This study used a mixed methods research approach that employed a concurrent triangulation design. For data collection, the study utilized a structured questionnaire, a semi-structured individual and group interviews. The data collection instruments were utilized to solicit pre-service teachers’, teacher educators’, and cooperating teachers’ (mentors’) views on reflections and how reflective teaching in the pre-service teacher secondary school teacher education framework is being implemented. The study particularly aimed to investigate how the pre-service teachers view reflective teaching, identify the hindrances for effective reflective teaching practice, and discover strategies that could be used to improve the practice. Prominent reflective scholars’ theories and outlooks on reflective practice were reviewed and used to guide the study. The responses of the stakeholders on the nature and implementation of reflective practices were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. For the quantitative data analyses, both the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were employed. On the other hand, narration was used to analyze the qualitative data. Triangulation of the study was observed by presenting and interpreting the qualitative data with reference of the quantitative data. The research questions were answered as the researcher analyzed the responses that the pre-service teachers hold to the reflective teaching, as well as the method, situation and issues of the reflective teaching practice in the pre- service teacher education curriculum framework. The study uncovered that secondary schools’ pre-service teachers in the existing teacher education programme were practicing few reflective teaching tools. The findings indicated that the pre-service teachers hold fair insights of reflective teaching, yet they felt less capable of doing reflective teaching critically. The findings indicated that the pre-service teacher education programme faced a number of barriers to effective reflective teaching practice. The findings also raised concerns over writing journals, instructional technology, teaching portfolios, and action research projects for reflective teaching in the pre-service teacher education programme. The study has identified key strategies that may be useful for the Ministry of Education, teacher educators, cooperating teachers, and teacher education institutions who are responsive for reflective teachers in Ethiopia. / Maikemišetšo a thuto ye e be e le go nyakišiša le go hlabolla thuto ya taetšo go Dihlongwa tša Thuto ya Borutiši Dikolong tša Ethiopia (TEI). Thuto ye e šomišwa mokgwa wa diphatišišo wa mekgwahlakantšho yeo e šomišago tlhamo ya go šoma mmogo ka ditsela tša go hlama khutlotharo. Go kgoboketša ya datha, thuto ye e šomišitše letlakalapotšišo la sebopego sa go ikgetha, dipoledišano tša mošomo la motho le sehlopha seo se hlamegilego gannyane. Didirišwa tša kgoboketša ya datha di šomišitšwe go hwetša barutiši ba pele ga kabo ya tirelo, barutiši ba go ruta, le barutiši ba go šomišana (baeletši’) ditaetšo le mmono ka ga ka fao thuto ya taetšo e phethagatšwago ka go tlhako ya thuto ya barutiši ba thuto ya sekolo se se phagamego. Thuto gabotse e nepile go nyakišiša ka fao barutiši ba ditirelo tša go thoma ba bonago thuto ya taetšo, go hlaola ditšhitišo tša tiragatšo ya maswanedi ya go ruta ka mokgwa wa ditaetšo le go lemoga maanotšhomo ao a ka kgonago go tlhabolla tiragatšo. Diteori tša baithuti ba maemo ba go diriša ditaetšo le mmono mo go tiragatšo ya taetšo di lebeletšweleswa le go šomišwa go hlahla thuto ye. Dikarabo tša baamegi go mohuta le phethagatšo ya tiragalo ya taetšo di lekotšwe ka dipalopalo le boleng. Go dikahlaahlo tša datha ya dipalopalo, bobedi dipalopalo tša go hlalosa le tša tšhupetšo di šomišitšwe. Ka letsogong le lengwe, tlhaloso e šomišitšwe go ahlaahla datha ya boleng. Go dira gore thuto e tšwe dikhutlotharo e lebeletšwe ka go ruta le go tlhathollela ka datha ya boleng go lebeletšwe datha ya dipalopalo. Dipotšišo tša diphatišišo di arabilwe bjalo ka ge monyakišiši a lekotše dikarabo tša barutiši ba pele ga tirelo go tliša thuto ya taetšo go tee le mokgwa, maemo le ditaba ka ga tshepedišo ya thuto ya taetšo ka go tlhako ya kharikhulamo ya thuto ya barutiši bja pele ga tirelo. Thuto e utullotše go re barutiši ba sekolo se se phagamego sa pele ga tirelo ka go lenaneo le le lego gona la thuto ya barutiši ba be ba diriša didirišwa tše nnyane tša taetšo ya thuto. Dipoelo di laeditše gore barutiši ba pele ga kabo ya tirelo ba bile le pono ka ga thuto ya taetšo, eupša ba be ba sa kwe ba kgona go ruta ka mokgwa wa taetšo. Dipoelo di laeditše go re lenaneo la thuto ya barutiši bja pele ga kabo ya tirelo ba lebane le ditšhitišo tše mmalwa go tshepedišo ya maleba ya thuto ya taetšo. Dipoelo gape di tlišitše kamego ka ga go ngwala ditšenale, thekenolotši ya go ruta, diphotefolio tša go ruta le diprotšeke tša tiro ya diphatišišo go fihlelela thuto ya taetšo ka go lenaneo la thuto ya tirelo ya go ruta. Thuto e hlaotše maanotšhomo a motheo ao a ka bago le mohola go Kgoro ya Thuto, barutiši, barutiši bja bašomišane le dihlongwa tša thuto ya barutiši tšeo di ikemišeditšego go hlahla barutiši ba go ikarabela go taetšo mo Ethiopia. / Die doel van hierdie studie was om besinnende onderrig aan Ethiopiese opleidingsinstellings vir hoërskoolonderwysers te ondersoek en te verbeter. Verskeie metodes en ‘n triangulasieontwerp is in hierdie studie gevolg. Data is deur middel van ‘n gestruktureerde vraelys en halfgestruktureerde individuele en groeponderhoude ingesamel. Studenteonderwysers, onderwyseropvoeders en medewerker-onderwysers (mentors) se siening van hoe besinnende onderrig in die raamwerk van hoërskoolonderwysers se opleiding neerslag vind, is verkry. Daar is in die besonder op studenteonderwysers se opvattings oor besinnende onderrig gekonsentreer. Struikelblokke in die weg van doeltreffende besinnende onderrigpraktyk en strategieë om dit uit die weg te ruim, is aangetoon. Die teorieë en gesigspunte van vooraanstaande kenners van besinnende onderrigpraktyk is bestudeer, en het rigting aan hierdie studie verleen. Belanghebbers se reaksie op die aard en inwerkingstelling van besinnende praktyke is kwantitatief en kwalitatief ontleed. Sowel die beskrywende as die afgeleide statistiek is in die ontleding van die kwantitatiewe data gebruik. Die kwalitatiewe data, daarteenoor, is met behulp van vertellings ontleed. Die kwalitatiewe data is met verwysing na die kwantitatiewe data vertolk te einde reg te laat geskied aan die triangulasie van die studie. Die navorsingsvrae is beantwoord namate die navorser die reaksie van studenteonderwysers op besinnende onderwys ontleed het asook die metode en situasie daarvan, en die probleme daarmee in die kurrikulum van studenteonderwysers. Daar is bevind dat weinig studente wat as hoërskoolonderwysers opgelei word, die tegnieke van besinnende onderwys toepas. Volgens die bevindings weet studente wel van besinnende onderwys, maar voel dat hulle nie tot kritiese besinnende onderwys in staat is nie. Daar was ʼn hele paar struikelblokke in die onderwysersopleidingprogram vir besinnende onderwyspraktyk. Die bevindings is kommerwekkend wat betref die skryf van joernale, onderrigtegnologie, onderwysportefeuljes en aksienavorsingsprojekte vir doeltreffende onderwys in die onderwysersopleidingsprogram. Verskeie strategieë is aangetoon wat van nut kan wees vir die ministerie van Onderwys, die opleiers van onderwysers, medewerker-onderwysers en instellings wat onderwysers oplei om sensitiewe, besinnende onderwysers in Ethiopië te word. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)