Charitable giving has been of great interest to marketing academics because of its importance in understanding the relationships between nonprofit organizations and their customers. The concept of motivation is vital to researchers because authors have long queried about why a donor decides to give money to a charity as opposed to saving, investing, or consuming discretionary goods with these dollars. The first study in this paper was exploratory in nature; in this study, a number of concepts were investigated including differences in preferred site attributes and time viewing sites by digital nativity, as well as changes in donation behavior after the viewing the site. The second study investigates differences in altruism based on digital nativity, generation, and gender. Differences were found in terms of digital nativity, generation, and gender with respect to self-reported altruism scores. The third and final study investigates differences in perceptions of parents' altruism based on digital nativity, generation, and gender. Differences were found in terms of digital nativity and gender, but not with respect to generation, in terms of perceived parents' altruism scores. / Business Administration/Marketing

The third place of the corner café has historically served as a community living room, providing an essential setting for social interaction and flânerie within the built environment. With modern technology and communication methods, however, interaction that once required physical proximity can now occur virtually. So where does this leave the corner café in today’s society? Have our third places moved online into fourth places such as Facebook and Twitter? A gallery exhibition entitled #Community is discussed as a visual representation of this written thesis. Methods and frequency of interaction – with others in the physical space as well with those not present – are discussed, providing information which may inform design and provide insight into the relevancy of the built environment in the face of evolving technology.

The internet is a vast and ever-changing medium, and with that comes much discussion of its users and their capabilities to adopt and use the internet. This study aims to advance the digital native vs. digital immigrant discussion and present a theoretically-driven understanding of the adoption process by evaluating individuals on their internet usage behaviors over that of mere demographics. This study found that by looking at users' breadth of use, ease of use and internet self-efficacy, online participation in various forms is more accurately predicted. Through the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory researchers can better understand this process as it relates to changing digital media and thus harness tools that will enable users to adopt more quickly. / text

Children and teenagers of today have grown up with digital media. According to Olle Findahl's report "The Swedes and the Internet" (2009), adults as well as children are online more and more. Our experience is that at many workplaces as good as everyone use computers and everyone is expected to have digital skills. However at most schools the reality is far from this. According to Findahl's report from 2009, 99 percent of all pupils (in Sweden) have access to computers and Internet, yet it is rare that they get school assignments where the use of Internet is acquired (Findahl 2009). The purpose of our paper is to understand how digital media can be used as a resource for learning, through the perspective of young people. The goal of this study is to understand how pupils make meaning2of digital media as a resource for learning. Therefore we found it essential to examine how the conditions and opportunities in the schools affect young people's reflections. In order to achieve this we chose to use qualitative data collection methods such as observations and unstructured group interviews. We observed two different classes of core subjects, and conducted two unstructured group interviews with pupils from Tumba gymnasium. One of our results, and the most essential one, was a pattern of an abstract phenomenon. Teachers describe students as fed up and unmotivated, the students themselves say that "it's just boring". This is a fact that is accepted by teachers and students without deeper reflection. "It's school." We refer to this phenomenon as "the abstract tediousness" which constitutes the core of our analysis. "The abstract tediousness" is the result of what happens when teachers do not make meaning of what they are teaching their pupils, which therefore makes the pupils feel uninvolved. The absence of creative tasks and a structure of hierarchy where the presence of the pupils is of greater importance than the assignment itself, also contributes to "the abstract tediousness". Another element that can be explained by the phenomenon "the abstract tediousness" is that pupils can’t make relevant digital media because they get caught up in an endless argument about the importance of grades. Our conclusion is that the pupils cannot make relevant digital media as a resource for learning because the schools fail in explaining the importance of learning.

Denna studie berör nyanlända eritreaner, bosatta i Botkyrka kommun, upplevelse av digitaliserad samhällsinformation. Studien har tre huvudsakliga frågeställningar 1. Söker sig min valda grupp till digital myndighetsinformation gällande arbete, bank samt boende och hur upplevs den i sådant fall? 2) På vilket sätt upplever eritreanska nyanlända svenska myndigheters e-förvaltning? 3) Hur kan man diskutera nyanlända eritreaners situation utifrån begreppen digital natives/digital immigrants? Studiens centrala teori är den digitala klyftan som berör frågor om digital integrering, och olika typer av internetanvändning. Vidare lyfts faktorer som utmärker mediekunnighet och slutligen den digital klyftan i samband med medborgarskap och e-förvaltning. Det empiriska materialet har nåtts genom att tillämpa kvalitativa metoder i form av en individuell intervju med en anställd på Botkyrka kommuns socialtjänst för att få en överblick över etableringsprocessen vad gäller nyanlända i kommunen. Därefter utfördes en pilotstudie med två eritreanska nyanlända som intervjuades för att sedan utföra en gruppintervju med åtta nyanlända eritreaner i form av en gruppintervju med inslag av etnografiska metoder. Resultatet av studien visade att majoriteten av respondenterna upplevde en ganska grav digital klyfta vad gäller e-förvaltning och digital blanketthantering. På detta vis kunde tecken visas som tillhör begreppet digital immigrant. Däremot har de inte behövt anpassa sig till det digitala landskapet vad gäller sociala medier och underhållande medieaktivitet, som är tendenser vi ser bland digital natives. Detta visade deras komplexa situation om att befinna sig i ett mellanförskap i förhållande till begreppen digital native och digital immigrant.

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The rise of the digital technology, social networking or interactivity have an extensive impact on what is happening in virtual world. Users of Internet are more and more often introduced to the new available on-line tools. Some of them have adapted those new trends with no problems and they have been taking an advantage of them with an ease, whereas others have had problems with converting themselves into the new digital era. Alternatively, others are not fascinated by what Internet offers or they simply cannot afford it due to many circumstances. However, with no doubts, we can say that the Internet and the digital revolution brought about many issues to discuss or to have a research about. To some extent, new trends, especially the expansion of the Internet, are affecting all traditional media and this, in my opinion, might result in the new phenomena like potential division of society into Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants proposed by Prensky (2001a).The project focused on investigating motives for choosing sport websites by both groups with special consideration of interactivity factor. The motives have been checked via in-depth interviews using the sample of ten interviewees both private and professional users of Polish sport informative websites. I wanted to check whether my results either duplicate what Prensky described in his articles or they confirm contradictive opinion given by VanSlyke.Additionally, I have compared those most popular motives with sample of five most often visited Polish sport informative websites, according to Alexa rank (2012). The level of interactivity on those websites was assessed by an appearance of examples of new new media like blogs, podcasts, number of posts on Facebook fan pages, created account on Twitter or channel on YouTube (Levinson, 2010). Also possibility of commenting was taken into consideration. Having checked those variables via cyber ethnography method (secondary method) I was able to identify which of the sampled websites could be considered as most interactive one.Despite persisting limitations, the method has brought reliable and valid data, according to which I have given my conclusions by answering research questions stated at the beginning of this project.

<p>This thesis deals with the following questions: What do children find negative on the Internet? What counter strategies do they use? How have they developed these strategies? The method used is one-to-one online interviews and the analyses are qualitative in nature. The sample is children in grade 6 of the Swedish compulsory school, aged between 11 and 13. 104 children, 52 girls and 52 boys, from different parts of Sweden were interviewed.</p><p>The media debate seems to display consensus regarding what threats the Internet poses to young people. The conclusion of this thesis is, however, that children’s views of the Internet in many ways differ from the media related adult view. The children of this study do not express a great deal of anxiety about the negative sides of the Internet. They are aware of, and can describe many downsides but these are not present in their everyday use of the Internet. Digging deeper it turns out that many children have in fact well-developed counter strategies. However, these strategies are not conscious in the sense that the children discuss them. Instead, they seem integrated in their online environment. The counter strategies have been developed by the children alone or together with peers. In some, but remarkably few, cases adults have been giving tips or teaching the children strategies. Nevertheless, the study does not paint a picture of naïve children, unable to see actual threats, but of responsible young citizens who are aware of the threats that exist in their online setting – sometimes from personal experience – and have developed methods to avoid such threats.</p>

This thesis deals with the following questions: What do children find negative on the Internet? What counter strategies do they use? How have they developed these strategies? The method used is one-to-one online interviews and the analyses are qualitative in nature. The sample is children in grade 6 of the Swedish compulsory school, aged between 11 and 13. 104 children, 52 girls and 52 boys, from different parts of Sweden were interviewed. The media debate seems to display consensus regarding what threats the Internet poses to young people. The conclusion of this thesis is, however, that children’s views of the Internet in many ways differ from the media related adult view. The children of this study do not express a great deal of anxiety about the negative sides of the Internet. They are aware of, and can describe many downsides but these are not present in their everyday use of the Internet. Digging deeper it turns out that many children have in fact well-developed counter strategies. However, these strategies are not conscious in the sense that the children discuss them. Instead, they seem integrated in their online environment. The counter strategies have been developed by the children alone or together with peers. In some, but remarkably few, cases adults have been giving tips or teaching the children strategies. Nevertheless, the study does not paint a picture of naïve children, unable to see actual threats, but of responsible young citizens who are aware of the threats that exist in their online setting – sometimes from personal experience – and have developed methods to avoid such threats.

People connect digitally through social media, fusing their relationships with meaning in a non-space of relational potential--a translucent and fluctuating enclave where the self becomes elastic. This thesis explores how I have formed bonds in virtual space through ritual interaction. Looking at the ways I learned to use technology through the progression of a close personal relationship, I suggest that social media use is a performance of identity--a virtuality that exposes how people negotiate the digital enclosure of contemporary society. My story is one of digital nativity and reclaiming love through virtual performance. I show how these performances have had a profound impact on my understanding of self-in-relation-to-other. Finally, I put forth a theory of Real Virtuality, suggesting that virtual reality has escaped the confines of the machine. Thus, digital conversations penetrate offline social situations in ways that have stirring consequences for people in the digital age.