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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
411

Mapeamento e análise de áreas de destinação de resíduos da construção civil em Francisco Beltrão - PR

Biluca, Juliana 10 October 2017 (has links)
CAPES; Fundação Araucária / A crescente urbanização das cidades, com a construção de habitações e locais de trabalho, tem gerado impactos ambientais negativos devido à inadequada disposição dos resíduos de construção civil (RCC), acarretando em riscos para o meio ambiente e para a população. Conforme a legislação, a destinação adequada dos resíduos de construção é dependente da classe em que se enquadram. Para os resíduos Classe A, aqueles com possibilidade de reutilização ou reciclagem na própria construção civil, o destino adequado são as usinas de reciclagem ou os aterros de inertes, onde são reservados para usos futuros. A instalação desses empreendimentos deve seguir leis e normas para minimizar os impactos negativos. Assim sendo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e caracterizar as áreas de disposição inadequada de RCC no município de Francisco Beltrão - PR além de mapear locais adequados para a instalação de um aterro associado a uma usina de reciclagem de resíduos de construção. As áreas de descarte inadequado foram caracterizadas quanto ao tamanho, à situação, ao tipo de resíduo, o uso e ocupação do solo, à declividade, à distância a corpos hídricos e a rodovias. Esses dados foram normalizados com lógica fuzzy e tiveram pesos de importância estabelecidos com o processo analítico hierárquico (AHP), com isso pode-se realizar a combinação linear ponderada de diferentes critérios e a geração de dois índices, de degradação ambiental e de aproveitamento dos materiais. Para o mapeamento das áreas adequadas a destinação de RCC, foram analisados o tipo de solo, a declividade e o uso e ocupação do solo, além das distâncias a núcleos populacionais, a instituições de ensino e de saúde, a vias e rodovias e a hidrografia. Os dados também foram normalizados e tiveram pesos de importância estabelecidos para que pudessem ser combinados linearmente para a obtenção do mapa de aptidão. O programa utilizado para a manipulação de dados foi o ArcGis 10.0. O índice de degradação ambiental das áreas de descarte, identificou 30,42% de médio, 26,09% alto e 26,09% de baixo potencial de degradação, o restante possui valores intermediários. Já o índice de aproveitamento identificou que 56,25% das áreas tem alto, 25% tem baixo e 18,75% tem médio potencial de aproveitamento. O mapa de aptidão identificou aproximadamente 5 km² de áreas aptas, variando de baixa, média e alta aptidão. / The growing urbanization of cities, with the construction of homes and workplaces, has generated negative environmental impacts due to the inadequate disposal of construction waste (CW), resulting in risks for the environment and the population. According to the legislation, the proper destination of construction waste is dependent on the class in which they fall. For Class A waste, those with the possibility of reuse or recycling in the building itself, the appropriate destination is the recycling plants or landfills where they are reserved for future uses. The installation of these developments must follow laws and regulations to minimize the negative impact. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and characterize the areas of inadequate disposal of CW in the in the municipality of Francisco Beltrão - PR, as well as to map suitable sites for the installation of a landfill associated to a construction waste recycling plant. The areas of inadequate disposal were characterized in terms of size, situation, type of waste, land use and occupation, slope, distance to water bodies and highways. These data were normalized with fuzzy logic and had weights of importance established with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with which we can perform the weighted linear combination of different criteria and the generation of two indices, environmental degradation and material utilization. In order to map the appropriate areas to the CW, the soil type, slope and land use and occupation were analyzed, as well as distances to population centers, health and education institutions, roads and highways and hydrography. The data were also normalized and had weights of importance established so that they could be combined linearly to obtain the suitability map. The program used for data manipulation was ArcGis 10.0. The environmental degradation index of the disposal areas identified 30.42% of medium, 26.09% of high and 26.09% of low potential of degradation, the rest have intermediate values. On the other hand, the utilization index identified that 56.25% of the areas are high, 25% are low and 18.75% have a medium potential for use. The suitability map identified approximately 5 km² of apt areas, ranging from low, medium and high suitability.
412

Diagnóstico do processo de descarte dos resíduos químicos do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz em Recife/PE

Braga, Lígia de Oliveira 01 June 2013 (has links)
The waste generation is a current problem and part of human life. The increase of waste grows every day associated with the advancement of technology and industrial production. In this context, are part of the health services, as organizations need to incorporate new concepts to acquire new behaviors in their care processes where issues of environmental preservation and protection of public health need to be highlighted. This challenge has generated public policies and regulations that has assumed great importance as a pillar of sustainable development. These regulations classify healthcare waste generated and have protocols for their management. Within this classification, fall into the chemical waste that is becoming a challenge with regard to the use, disposal and reuse when possible. Thus, this study aims to develop a general diagnosis of the current situation of the management of chemical waste generated at the University Hospital of Pernambuco. Therefore, it was used as the objectives, research is an exploratory-descriptive, as possessing procedure for collecting data literature, field survey, case study and documentary research. The instruments used were the interview guidelines and on-site observation. Given the above and from the survey, we noted the confirmation of the hypotheses on the issues of waste chemicals are not managed according to current legislation, there is no involvement of professionals in planning actions that generate these wastes and that in carrying processes are not taken into account aspects related to the possible chemical waste generated. It can be concluded that although there is a segregation of waste types in the other groups, chemical residues are not treated as such. Needs through the Environmental Education and a new management model train and train practitioners to seek change in the handling of chemical waste. The process of training of professionals and update them need to be continuously and grounded in Environmental Education for the development of new concepts and behavior change that leads to environmental management, considering sustainable development. Why refer to a topic relevant to the issues of environmental and public health, we want to, with the results, cooperate with the academic community showing the problem of chemical waste generated in health services, seeking viable changes to the processes that made generate these wastes, with no loss in quality of care and activities for research. / A geração de resíduos é uma problemática atual e faz parte da vida humana. O aumento de resíduos cresce a cada dia associado ao avanço da tecnologia e da produção industrial. Neste contexto, inserem-se os serviços de saúde que, como organizações, precisam incorporar novos conceitos para adquirir novos comportamentos em seus processos assistenciais onde as questões da preservação do meio ambiente e da proteção da saúde pública precisam ser destacadas. Tal desafio tem gerado políticas públicas e regulamentações que vem assumindo grande importância como eixo para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Estas regulamentações classificam os resíduos de serviços de saúde gerados e dispõem de protocolos para seu manejo. Dentro desta classificação, enquadram-se os resíduos químicos que vem se tornando um desafio no que diz respeito ao uso, descarte e reuso, quando possível. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral elaborar um diagnóstico da situação atual do gerenciamento dos resíduos químicos gerados em um Hospital Universitário de Pernambuco. Para tanto, foi utilizada, quanto aos objetivos, uma pesquisa do tipo exploratório-descritiva, possuindo como procedimento para coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica, o levantamento de campo, o estudo de caso e a pesquisa documental. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a entrevista em pautas e a observação in loco. Diante do exposto e a partir da pesquisa realizada, evidenciamos a confirmação das hipóteses levantadas em relação às questões dos resíduos químicos não serem gerenciados seguindo a legislação atual, de não existir envolvimento por parte dos profissionais no planejamento das ações geradoras destes resíduos e de que na realização dos processos não são levados em conta os aspectos relacionados aos possíveis resíduos químicos gerados. Pode-se concluir que apesar de existir a segregação dos tipos de resíduos dos outros grupos, os resíduos químicos não são tratados como tais. Precisa-se através da Educação Ambiental e de um novo modelo de gestão capacitar e treinar os profissionais para buscar mudança no manejo dos resíduos químicos. O processo de formação dos profissionais e a atualização dos mesmos precisam ser de modo contínuo e embasado na Educação Ambiental para a concepção de novos conceitos e para a mudança de comportamento que leve à gestão ambiental, considerando o desenvolvimento sustentável. Por se referir a um tema relevante para as questões de saúde pública e ambiental, deseja-se, com os resultados alcançados, colaborar junto à comunidade acadêmica mostrando a problemática dos resíduos químicos gerados nos serviços de saúde, buscando alterações viáveis para os processos realizados que geram estes resíduos, sem que haja perda na qualidade da assistência prestada e das atividades voltadas para pesquisa.
413

Environmental policy processes surrounding South Africa's plastic bags regulations : tensions, debates and responses in waste product regulation

Nhamo, Godwell 07 June 2013 (has links)
This study was conducted in South Africa. South Africa is the first country within the Southern African Development Community to have regulated plastic shopping bags waste through the imposition of both a standard on thickness and a levy. Given this scenario, the Plastic Bags Regulations present an illustrative case for researching complexity, uncertainty and controversies surrounding a new trend in environmental policy making, namely waste product regulation. The thesis focuses on understanding and investigating tensions, debates and responses emerging from the policy process as actors and actor-networks put not only the Plastic Bags Regulations asfocal actant (token) but also other actants and actant-networks as well. To this end, a research question that addressed environmental policies, tensions, debates and responses that informed the development of South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations was spelt out. The research objectives included the need to: (I) analyse selected international environmental policy processes surrounding plastic shopping bags litter and waste regulation and how these influenced developments in South Africa; (2) identify actors, actants and actor/actant-networks that shaped and were being transformed by South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations and explain the tensions, debates and responses arising in the policy processes; (3) identify environmental policy outputs and assess outcomes emerging from the formulation and implementation of South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations; and (4) establish patterns in environmental policy process reforms around South Africa's Plastic Bags Regulations. The language of actors (human), actants (non-human) and actor/actant-networks brings to the fore the aspects of processes and relationships that exist around them. As such, insights from the actor/actant-network theory (AANT) were drawn upon to inform the research. AANT enquiry framework collapses binaries such as nature/society, art/science, structure/agency and global/local historically associated with a particular type of social theory. AANT also denies that purely technical, scientific or social relations are possible (the notion of quaSi-objects or token). Data sets were generated following' the Plastic Bags Regulations as token actant with time frames ranging from prior to, during and after the formulation of the regulations. Similarly, data analysis drew insights from AANT's four moments of translation namely problematisation, interessement, enrolment and mobilisation, with the intervention theory providing an evaluative perspective that complemented AANT. The findings were that after the promulgation of the first draft of the Plastic Bags Regulations in May 2000, tensions emerged around the nature of regulation (whether command and control - preferred by government or self regulation - preferred by industry and labour). In this regard the latter group raised concerns about jobs, income and equipment loss as well as the need to have a holistic approach to waste management rather than targeting a single product at a time whilst the former maintained that this would not be so. As such, education, awareness and stringent antilitter penalties were proposed by industry and labour as sustainable responses to the problem of plastic shopping bags waste rather than regulation. These debates continued and resulted in minor amendments to the original regulations as finalised by Government in May 2002. However, industry and labour continued lobbying government resulting in the conclusion of the Plastic Bags Agreement in September 2002 and the ultimate repulsion of the May 2002 regulations in May 2003. As revealed by this research, these responses led to broader social responses and further tensions as demand for plastic shopping bags went down by about 80% although an estimated 1000 jobs were lost and a number of companies lost equipment and business (with some closing down) following the implementation of the regulations. During implementation, debates emerged around the need to promote locally made carry facilities with two alternatives in sight namely: the Green Bag and the Biodegradable Plastic Bag. Debates also took place regarding enforcement of the new law resulting in the amendments of various pieces of legislation including the Environmental Conservation Act, Environmental Management Act and the Revenue Laws Act. Overall, a 15-year policy reform cycle and sub-cycles was determined. The research also established that the government considered the regulations a success and was already implementing simi lar initiatives to regulate other waste products, among them, used tyres, used oil and glass, confirming the trend towards waste product regulation in South Africa. From these research findings, a series of conceptual frameworks were drawn up to clarify the nature of tensions, debates and responses surrounding certain lead actors, actants and actorlactant-networks. Some of the conceptual frameworks that emerged around the actors and actor-networks include Organised Government, Organised Industry and Organised Labour. Conceptual frameworks that emerged around key actants and actant-networks include the Integrated Pollution and Waste Management, Plastic Bags Regulations as well as the discourses surrounding the Green bag and biodegradable plastic bags. The thesis concludes by reflecting on how the above and the grand actor/actant-network conceptual frameworks emerging from this research might be adopted with varying degrees of flexibility to research environmental and waste management policy processes in different waste product regulation set-ups. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
414

The role of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in the upkeep and management of open spaces in Zwide Township

Zonke, Gcobani January 2013 (has links)
This paper is an investigation into the role of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality (NMBMM) in the up-keep and management of open spaces, in Zwide Township. The study examines the manner in which the legislative framework for waste management is being implemented as prescribed in legislative directives. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996), envisions the transformation of the local government system. Subsequently, policy frameworks and principles have been developed to support the new vision of local government. The Batho Pele Principles and the white paper were passed in March 1998. Both documents spelt out the implementation of the principle and the framework in which the local government system should operate as set out in the developmental local government concept. The developmental local government system’s core ethos lies in working with local citizenry to find ways of meeting their needs, thereby improving their quality of life. It also makes provision for public participation. Ward councillors and ward committees are an indispensable backbone of community participation. It is assumed in this study that a number of environmental, social, economic and health challenges are associated with waste disposal in open spaces. Such hazards range from health risks to the abuse of open spaces by antisocial individuals and groups. The situation is exacerbated by poor implementation of constitutional and legislative directives regarding waste management and disposal to ensure a humane and environmentally friendly atmosphere. The research assumes that the problem cannot be overcome by the NMBMM alone. Well-orchestrated community awareness education programmes such as projects like “trash is cash “and innovative ways of managing waste, including waste recycling, need to be drawn upon. The strategic placement of waste stations and the timeous collection of waste could improve the situation. The observation is that the level of service delivery varies within residential areas and in socioeconomic strata. The previously disadvantaged areas seem to have borne the brunt in terms of poor waste management services until now. The municipality has been accustomed to a situation whereby it removes the waste on an ad hoc basis in selected areas in the townships. The situation is exacerbated by little foresight into the ever growing population, specifically amongst the lower socioeconomic sector of the population. As a result, the ecology and environment is impacted in a negative way. Amidst the challenges of dumping in open spaces, a sense of determination appears within the community to want to prevent the situation; to illustrate: There is an organized group of youths who have cleaned up open spaces at along Qeqe Street in Zwide. They developed a car wash bay as a venture to generate an income. The Green Township Movement is another scheme which is mobilising the community, street by street, to keep their neighbourhood environmentally clean and green. Potentially, the Waste Management Directorate could collaborate with these groupings to halt waste dumping in open spaces. In so doing they could contribute to establishing an environmentally friendly neighbourhood. The NMBMM needs therefore to take advantage of the situation and reengineer its waste management strategy, policies and directives and augment the initiatives that the community have taken upon themselves. The study will endeavour to ultimately advise on viable strategies in an attempt to unravel barriers that have been identified, while simultaneously addressing the challenges to improving the quality of life in the township. This will be done by analysing a legislative framework and thereafter replicating the best practice used locally, nationally and internationally.. It also seeks to associate with individuals within local government in addition to groups that are like minded in combating the concern. The existing environmental regulations and the present economic situation are sound starting points. Together they present an opportunity to change the prevailing attitudes towards recycling. Finally, a number of conclusions that were arrived at during the study will be followed by recommendations. These will be based on the literature review and observations.
415

Trace Elemental Analysis of Ashes in the Combustion of the Binder Enhanced d-RDF by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Tai, Chia-Hui 11 1900 (has links)
Incineration is an attractive solution to the problems of disposing of municipal solid wastes and supplying energy. Because up to 25 percent of the waste in refuse-derived-fuel systems is ash, the physical and chemical characteristics of ash become more and more important for its potential impacts and methods suitable for their disposal. Trace elements concentration in ash is of great interest because of its relationship to regulatory criteria under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regarding toxicity and hazards. The applications of a microwave oven sample dissolution method has been tested on a variety of standard reference materials, with reproducible and accurate results. Fourteen trace elements, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, and Zn, from the dissolved ash samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
416

A situation analysis and knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) study of waste management and recycling at the Durban University of Technology (DUT)

Mdlozini, George January 2016 (has links)
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Sciences: Environmental Health, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / The Durban University of Technology (DUT) signed the Taillores Declaration (TD) in an attempt to deal with environmental issues and subsequently waste management challenges. A few projects have been initiated within the institution to realise the TD ten point action plans. Currently there is limited data regarding the status quo at DUT. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted to analyse the situation with regards to waste management and recycling practices and to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of students towards waste management and recycling at DUT. An audit of the refuse receptacles was conducted and information obtained was plotted out on a map of two selected campuses. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the practices of waste management and recycling from nine departments. A total of 403 students from the Indumiso and Riverside campuses of DUT were recruited for the KAP study. The findings revealed that refuse receptacles are provided inconsistently and that there is a lack of planning around the provision of these receptacles. Departmental practices regarding waste management and recycling were found to vary from one department to the next. The KAP study results indicated that the students’ knowledge regarding waste management and recycling is poor and their attitudes and practices towards waste management and recycling may be improved by education and enforcement of policy. It is essential to develop a policy regarding waste management and recycling for DUT. In addition, a learning programme should be implemented for all new students entering DUT and during orientation. / M
417

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding solids household waste management in Tshisahulu Community of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province

Tshivhase, Shonisani Elizabeth 23 July 2015 (has links)
MPH / Department of Public Health
418

The study of Waste Management practices within households in Khakhanwa Village, Thulamela Municipality

Mabadahanye, Vhonani 18 May 2017 (has links)
MPH / Department of Public Health / The sanitary state of an area is largely influenced by waste handling practices of the residents and measures in place for safe waste evacuation and disposal. Despite strategies that the municipality and local communities have put in place; namely, collection of wastes in one central spot in some villages, littering of all types of wastes is still on the increase in many rural areas. The focus of this study was on common refuse generated at Khakhanwa Village, different waste management practices and the knowledge of villagers on the impact of poor refuse management. The study was carried out using the quantitative, descriptive methodology. A total population of 312 households participated. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and ethical aspects were taken into consideration. Data was analysed descriptively using SPSS version 22.0. It is presented using graphs, tables and pie chart. The findings show that the respondents satisfactorily showed understanding of waste management and the impact of poor waste management. Due to lack of waste services, the majority of the residents resort to storing wastes within their homes, burning it and disposing of it in open dumping sites as major waste management practices. The most familiar wastes in Khakhanwa village are decomposable wastes, napkins and plastics. These findings call for strengthened waste services in rural areas and more waste education amongst all villagers. Policies on waste management need to be put in motion. Communities need to be equipped with the knowledge of reducing, reusing and recycling for the purpose of limiting wastes. Finally school curricula should be adjusted such that they inform learners about waste management from early ages.
419

An investigation of practices and effects of disposable infant diapers on the environment : a case study of Mashashane Village

Seopa, Sedima Hlologelo Matsobane January 2021 (has links)
Thesis (M. Sc. (Geography)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Disposal of disposable infant diapers has emerged as one of the major challenges in solid waste management. The use of disposable infant diapers is an unmanageable challenge in many rural areas due to a lack of disposal equipment and proper disposal methods. Incorrect disposal of used disposable infant diapers causes immediate and long-term negative health, environmental, social and economic impacts on communities. Consequently, this study sought to establish the practices and effects of used diaper disposal in the community of Mashashane Village, Limpopo. Using snowball sampling, households with infants determined participants for this study. The data collection methods were observations and questionnaires. The results showed that most mothers used disposable infant diapers. All respondents indicated that they did not have proper places for disposal and as a result, they disposed of used disposable infant diapers at any convenient place such as near streams, in wetlands and open places. The study, therefore, concluded that disposal of used disposable infant diapers was not appropriately practised in Mashashane Village and that led to environmental, social and economic challenges that require immediate intervention by the municipality. The study recommended that the municipality should encourage proper disposal of used disposable infant diapers through provision of skip bins and waste collection trucks. / Risk and Vulnerability Unit University of Limpopo
420

Land pollution and population density : the case of Kwekwe City residential areas, Zimbabwe

Chatsiwa, Jaison 02 1900 (has links)
In most developing countries, the problem of inefficient municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is endemic. The problem is manifested by heaps of uncollected solid waste found on open areas and by the street sides. This dissertation examines the relationship between land pollution and population density resulting from solid waste generation in the City of Kwekwe in Zimbabwe. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted to 375 randomly selected households in low, medium and high density residential suburbs. The household survey was triangulated with field observations, key informant interviews and secondary data sources. The average household size in high, medium and low density residential areas was 11, 8 and 5 people respectively. The study revealed that the amount and composition of solid waste generated varied according to household size, income and education levels of residents. The higher the population density, the more the solid waste produced. However, waste generated was not carried to the dumpsites for disposal. Also the higher the income, the higher the amount of solid waste produced, although residents with high income were able to ferry their wastes to the dumpsites hence less land pollution. The solid waste generation rate in high density areas was 0.04 kg/capita day, in medium density areas was 0.35 kg/capita/day and in low density areas were 0.84 kg/capita/day. It was also observed that among high income earners, the educated people produced more waste than low income earners. However, the low income earners and the less educated people could not take care of their environment to limit roadside and open space littering. However, lack of public awareness coupled with inefficient and ad hoc waste management system continue make provision of effective solid waste management services illusive. Based on the research findings, it is suggested sound environmental stewardship amongst residents will limit land pollution in the city of Kwekwe. / Environmental Sciences / M.A. (Environmental Management)

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