Orientadores: Marcio Zaffalon Casati, Sergio de Toledo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T14:46:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Casarin_RenatoCorreaViana_M.pdf: 9678286 bytes, checksum: 95c6838ca5a99289bdbad65404d1cd7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a resposta clínica das lesões de bifurcação proximais tratadas com proteínas derivadas da matriz do esmalte (EMD). Foram selecionados 24 pacientes com pelo menos uma lesão de bifurcação proximal classe II apresentando profundidade de sondagem (PS) = 5 mm e presença de sangramento a sondagem. As furcas foram divididas aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: Grupo controle (n=20) ¿ acesso para raspagem e alisamento radicular e aplicação de EDTA 24% (PrefGel®); Grupo Teste (n=20) ¿ acesso para raspagem e alisamento radicular + aplicação de EDTA 24% + aplicação das EMD (Emdogain®). Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto ao Índice de Placa (IP) e Sangramento à Sondagem (SS), Profundidade de Sondagem (PS), Posição da Margem Gengival (PMG), Nível Clínico de Inserção Vertical e Horizontal Relativo (NICVR e NICHR, respectivamente), Nível Ósseo Vertical e Horizontal (NOV e NOH) e fechamento da lesão. As avaliações foram realizadas antes do tratamento, 2, 4 e 6 meses após. Aos 6 meses de acompanhamento o ganho de NICVR dos grupos controle e teste foram de 0,63 e 0,74 mm, enquanto o ganho de NICHR foram 1,13 e 1,64 mm, ambos sem diferença entre os grupos. O ganho de NOV e NOH para os grupos controle e teste foram de 0,98 e 0,85 mm e 0,94 e 1,08 mm respectivamente, também sem diferença estatística entre os grupos. Na avaliação do número de bifurcações fechadas aos seis meses, no grupo teste houve fechamento de 4 lesões, enquanto no grupo controle não ocorreu nenhum fechamento (p<0,05). Pode-se concluir que, embora os defeitos de bifurcação proximais tenham apresentado ganhos semelhantes de NICVR NICHR, NOV e NOH, o uso do EMD possibilitou um maior fechamento completo das bifurcações que o acesso para raspagem e alisamento radicular e biomodificação radicular com EDTA 24% / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical response of proximal furcations treated with enamel matrix derived proteins (EMD). Twenty four patients with at least one class II proximal furcation involvements presenting probing depth (PD) = 5 mm and bleeding on probing were selected. The patients were randomly assigned to: Control Group (n=20) ¿ Open Flap Debridement (OFD) + EDTA 24% conditioning (PrefGel®); Test Group (n=20) ¿ OFD + EDTA 24% conditioning + EMD application (Emdogain®). Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Probing Depth (PD), Gingival Margin Position (GMP), Relative Vertical and Horizontal Clinical Attachment Level (RVCAL and RHCAL, respectively), Vertical and Horizontal Bone Level (VBL and HBL) and Furcation Closure were evaluated immediately before and 2, 4 and 6 months after the surgeries. At 6th month the gain of RVCAL of control and test group were 0.63 e 0.74 mm, while the RHCAL gain were 1.13 e 1.64 mm, both without statistical difference between the groups. The VBL and HBL gain of control and test group were 0.98 and 0.85 mm and 0.94 and 1.08 mm respectively, also without statistical difference. Four closed furcations were observed at 6th month in the test group, while no closed furcations was observed at control group (p<0.05). It could be conclude that, although the proximal furcations showed similar gains of RVCAL, RHCAL, VBL and HBL at 6th month, the EMD application promote a superior, but unpredictable, frequency of closed furcations than that found with open flap debridement and EDTA 24% conditioning / Mestrado / Periodontia / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

nÃo hà / O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar membranas de colÃgeno polianiÃnico (CPA) reticuladas e impregnadas com hidroxiapatita, manufaturadas pelo Departamento de FÃsica da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Dividiu-se o trabalho em 2 etapas, onde inicialmente avaliou-se a biocompatibilidade e a biodegradaÃÃo de 6 diferentes membranas de CPA, divididas nos seguintes grupos: trÃs com 0, 25 e 75 ciclos de impregnaÃÃo com hidroxiapatita (CPA, CPA 25, CPA 75) e mais trÃs cujas membranas foram reticuladas com glutaraldeÃdo (GA) (CPA GA, CPA 25GA, CPA 75GA) inseridas em tecido subcutÃneo de ratos. AnÃlises histopatolÃgicas do infiltrado inflamatÃrio, atividade de mieloperoxidase (MPO), dosagem de citocinas, espessura de cÃpsula fibrosa, imunohistoquÃmica para metaloproteinase e biodegradaÃÃo das membranas foram avaliadas apÃs 1, 7, 15, 30, 60 e 120 dias. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o efeito das 3 melhores membranas na regeneraÃÃo Ãssea guiada usando defeito Ãsseo crÃtico em calvÃria de ratos (DOC), onde as membranas foram posicionadas sobre o defeito. FormaÃÃo Ãssea foi avaliada com base na radiografia digital (RD), tomografia computadorizada (TC) e anÃlise histolÃgica, 24 horas, 4, 8 e 12 semanas apÃs o procedimento cirÃrgico. MPO e dosagem de citocinas foram realizadas apÃs 24 horas. No subcutÃneo, as membranas reticuladas com GA mostraram espessa cÃpsula fibrosa e menor reaÃÃo inflamatÃria permanecendo intactas apÃs 120 dias. No modelo de regeneraÃÃo Ãssea em calvÃria de ratos, apÃs 12 semanas, os grupos CPA GA e CPA 25GA apresentaram reduÃÃo significativa da Ãrea radiolÃcida quando comparadas ao grupo basal. A anÃlise histolÃgica mostrou que nos grupos CPA GA e CPA 25GA as membranas ainda estavam intactas, envolvidas por uma espessa cÃpsula fibrosa e as membranas do grupo CPA 75GA apresentaram inÃcio de reabsorÃÃo. NÃo foi encontrada diferenÃa estatÃstica entre os grupos quanto a atividade MPO e citocina IL-1&#946;. ConcluÃmos que as membranas reticuladas mostraram-se mais biocompatÃveis e se mantiveram livre de biodegradaÃÃo no perÃodo de observaÃÃo. Essas membranas induziram o fechamento dos defeitos Ãsseos e nÃo induziram reaÃÃo inflamatÃria. A impregnaÃÃo de hidroxiapatita nÃo acelerou a cicatrizaÃÃo do defeito cirÃrgico. Nossos resultados sugerem que as membranas de CPA reticuladas poderÃo ser Ãteis nos processos em que a formaÃÃo de um novo osso depende de uma duraÃÃo mais prolongada da barreira mecÃnica. / The aim of this study was to evaluate polyanionic collagen (PAC) membranes reticulated and impregnated with hydroxyapatite, manufactured by the Physics Department, Federal University of CearÃ. This study was divided into two stages, initially it was evaluated the biocompatibility and biodegradation of six different membranes of PAC, divided into the following groups: three with 0, 25 and 75 cycles of impregnation with apatite (PAC, PAC 25, PAC 75 ) and three more whose membranes were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) (GA PAC, PAC 25GA, PAC 75GA) inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Histopathological analyzes of inflammatory infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), cytokine, thickness of fibrous capsule, immunohistochemistry for metalloproteinase and degradation of the membranes were evaluated after 1, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 120 days. Subsequently, it was evaluated the effect of the three best membranes in guided bone regeneration using bone critical defects in rat calvaria (DOC), where the membranes were placed over the defect. Bone formation was evaluated based on digital radiography (DR), computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis, 24 hours, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. MPO and cytokine were performed after 24 hours. In the subcutaneous tissue, the membranes crosslinked with GA showed thick fibrous capsule, less inflammatory reaction and remained intact after 120 days. In the bone regeneration model in rat calvaria, after 12 weeks, PAC GA and PAC 25GA groups showed significant reduction in radiolucent area compared to the baseline group. Histological analysis showed that in PAC GA and PAC 25GA groups, membranes were still intact, surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule and in PAC 75GA group, membranes showed early resorption. There was no statistical difference between groups in MPO activity and IL-1&#946;. We conclude that the crosslinked membranes were more biocompatible and remained free from degradation during the observation period. These membranes induced closure of bone defects and did not induce inflammatory reaction. The impregnation of hydroxyapatite did not accelerate the healing of surgical defect. Our results suggest that the crosslinked membranes CPA may be useful in cases where new bone formation is dependent on a longer duration of mechanical barrier.

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente o papel do laser de baixa intensidade (LB) no processo de cicatrização óssea de defeitos de tamanho crítico em calvárias de ratos tratados com osso bovino (BO) associados a regeneração óssea guiada (ROG). Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos adultos (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), pesando entre 250 e 300 g. Um defeito ósseo de tamanho crítico (DTC) com 5 mm de diâmetro foi criado na calvária de cada animal. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 8 grupos de tratamento (n=10), sendo: 1) Grupo C (controle), 2) Grupo LB - laser de baixa intensidade (laser de baixa intensidade - GaAlAs, 730nm, 100mW, 6J, 210J/cm2), 3) Grupo BO (osso bovino), 4) Grupo ROG (membrana colágena), 5) Grupo BO/ROG (osso bovino/membrana colágena), 6) Grupo BO/LB (osso bovino/laser de baixa intensidade), 7) Grupo ROG/LB (membrana colágena/laser de baixa intensidade), 8) Grupo BO/ROG/LB (osso bovino/laser de baixa intensidade/membrana colágena). Após 30 dias, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. As variáveis avaliadas foram: área de osso neoformado (AON), extensão linear de osso (ELO) e área de partículas remanescentes (APR). Foi utilizado o teste paramétrico ANOVA, seguido pelo teste de Tukey. Todos os grupos apresentaram maiores médias de AON em relação ao grupo C, exceto os grupos BO, BO/ROG e BO/ROG/LB. Todos os grupos apresentaram médias de ELO estatisticamente diferente do grupo C, exceto o BO. O grupo BO/ROG/LB não apresentou maiores médias de AON e ELO que o Grupo BO/ROG, entretanto mostrou maior formação óssea na região da membrana quando utilizado o LB em associação ao BO/ROG na análise histológica. Maior APR foi observada nos grupos em que BO não foi irradiado pelo LB. Entretanto, não ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significativa entre APR nos grupos BO e BO/ROG, BO/LB e BO/ROG/LB, BO/ROG e BO/ROG/LB. O LB não levou a maior formação óssea histométrica quando associado ao BO/ROG, apesar de promover maior formação óssea na análise histológica na região da membrana. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the low level laser (LB) on bone healing in critical-size calvarial defects (CSD) in rats treated with inorganic bovine bone (BO) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). Were used 80 male adult rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus Wistar) weighing 250 to 300 g. A bone defect of critical size (DTC) with 5 mm in diameter was created in the calvaria of each animal. The animals were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups (n = 10), 1) Group C (control), 2) Group LB - low level laser (low level laser - GaAlAs, 730nm, 100mW, 6J, 210J / cm2 ), 3) Group BO (bovine bone), 4) Group ROG (collagen membrane), 5) Group BO / ROG (bovine bone / collagen membrane), 6) Group BO/ LB (bovine bone / low level laser), 7) Group ROG / LB (collagen membrane / low level laser), 8) Group BO / LB / ROG (bovine bone /low level laser / collagen membrane). After 30 days, the animals were euthanized. The variables analyzed were newly formed bone area (AON), linear extension of bone (ELO) and area of remnant particles (APR). The parametric test ANOVA followed by Tukey\'s test was used. All groups have the highest mean AON compared to C group except the group BO, BO/ROG and BO / ROG / LB. All groups showed mean of ELO statistically different from group C, except the BO. The Group BO/ROG/LB did not show higher ELO and AON than Group BO/ROG, however showed increased bone formation in the membrane area when used LB with BO/ROG in the histological analysis. Higher APR was observed in the groups where BO is not irradiated by LB. However, there was no significant difference between APR in BO BO and BO/ROG groups, BO/LB and BO/ROG/LB groups. The LB has not provide greater histometric bone formation when combined with BO / ROG, despite promote greater bone formation in the histological analysis.

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar diferentes protocolos de aplicação do laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) associados ou não ao osso bovino inorgânico (Bio-Oss®) na cicatrização de defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico (DTC) em calvárias de ratos. Foram utilizados 90 ratos machos adultos (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar). Um defeito de tamanho crítico (DTC) de 5 mm de diâmetro foi criado cirurgicamente na calvária de cada animal. Os animais foram divididos igualmente (n=10) e aleatoriamente em 9 gruposexperimentais: 1) grupo C (controle), 2) grupo LBI (4J) (laser de baixa intensidade GaAlAs, 730 nm, 100 mW, 4J, 140 J/cm2), 3) Grupo LBI (6J) (laser de baixa intensidade GaAlAs, 730 nm, 100 mW, 6J, 210 J/cm2), 4) Grupo BO (osso bovino inorgânico), 5) Grupo BO + LBI (4J) (osso bovino inorgânico + laser de baixa intensidade 4J), 6) Grupo BO + LBI (6J) (osso bovino inorgânico + laser de baixa intensidade 6J), 7) Grupo OA (osso autógeno), 8) Grupo OA + LBI (4J) (osso autógeno + laser de baixa intensidade 4J), 9) Grupo OA + LBI (6J) (osso autógeno + laser de baixa intensidade 6J). Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia aos 30 dias pós-operatórios. Foram avaliadas a área de osso neoformado (AON), extensão linear de osso (ELO) e área de partículas remanescentes (APR). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste paramétrico ANOVA, seguido pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). O grupo BO+LBI (6J) demonstrou maior média (48,57 ± 28,22%) de AON e o grupo C a menor média (9,96 ± 4,49%) de AON. Os grupos LBI (6J), OA+LBI (6J) e BO+LBI (6J) demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas de AON em relação ao grupo C. Em relação a ELO, apenas os grupos BO e BO+LBI (4J) não demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando comparados ao grupo C, e a maior diferença entre as médias de ELO foram nas comparações do grupo LBI (6J) (76,55 ± 15,54%) com o grupo C (16,00 ± 9,86%. Maior APR foi observada nos grupos em que BO não foi irradiado pelo LBI. Porém, quando comparado o Grupo BO+LBI (6J) aos grupos OA+LBI (4J) e BO+LBI (4J) não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. O protocolo do LBI (6J) promoveu maior formação óssea quando utilizado isoladamente ou associado ao BO, tornando-se uma opção vantajosa para ser utilizado no tratamento de defeitos ósseos. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate different protocols of low-level laser (LLL) application combined or not with inorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss®) in the healing process of bone defects of critical size (CSD) in rat calvaria. 90 male adult rats (Rattusnorvegicus, albinus, Wistar) were used. A critical size defect (CSD) of 5 mm in diameter was surgically created in the calvaria of each rat. The rats were then divided equally (n=10) and randomly into 9 experimental groups: 1) Group C (control) 2) Group LBI (4J) (low-level laser - GaAlAs, 730 nm, 100 mW, 4J, 140 J/cm2), 3) Group LBI (6) (low- level laser - GaAlAs, 730 nm, 100 mW, 6J, 210 J/cm2), 4) Group BO (inorganic bovine bone), 5) Group BO + LBI (4J) (inorganic bovine bone + low-level laser 4J), 6) Group BO LBI (6J) (inorganic bovine bone + low-level laser 6J), 7) Group OA (autogenous bone), 8) Group OA + LBI (4J) (autogenous bone + low-level laser 4J), 9 Group OA + LBI (6J) (autogenous bone + low-level laser 6J). The rats utilized were euthanized 30 days post-operation. The areas of new bone formation (ANB), linear extension bone (LEB), and areas of remaining particles (ARP) were evaluated. The data underwent the parametric ANOVA test, followed by the Tukey test (p<0,05). Group BO+LBI (6J) presented the greatest average (48,57 ± 28,22%) of ANB and Group C presented the lowest average (9,96 ± 4,49%) of ANB. The groups LBI (6J), OA+LBI (6J), and BO+LBI (6J) presented statistically significant differences of ANB in comparison to Group C. Regarding the LEB, only the groups BO and BO+LBI (4J) did not present differences statistically significant in comparison to Group C. The largest difference between the averages of LEB were in the comparison of Group LBI (6J) (76,55 ± 15,54%) with Group C (16,00 ± 9,86%). The largest ARP was observed in the groups where the inorganic bovine bone was not irradiated by the LLL. However, when comparing Group BO+LBI (6J) to Group OA+LBI (4J) and BO+LBI (4J), no statistically significant differences were noted. The protocols of LLL (6J) promoted greater bone formation when used alone or combined with the inorganic bovine bone, making it an advantageous option for treating bone defects.

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-28T17:57:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins, Tiago Leite [Dissertação, 2014].pdf: 3135883 bytes, checksum: 5772657ec1d18e995c9ce1854aa81fca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T17:57:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins, Tiago Leite [Dissertação, 2014].pdf: 3135883 bytes, checksum: 5772657ec1d18e995c9ce1854aa81fca (MD5) / Os venenos de serpente são complexa mistura de toxinas, que são principalmente enzimas e peptídeos com diversas atividades biológicas. Os venenos botrópicos podem induzir hemorragia, edema, necrose e diversas doenças da pele, tais como a formação de bolhas e dermonecrose. Embora existam progressos consideráveis no estudo da patogênese da hemorragia e mionecrose em Viperidae peçonhentas, existem poucas referências das anormalidades de pele derivadas destes venenos, independentemente da sua relevância clínica. O nosso objetivo é avaliar os efeitos dos venenos de Bothrops leucurus e Bothrops jararaca na indução de lesões da pele, bem como no processo de regeneração. Foram utilizados camundongos swiss albinos adultos com 25 ± 3 g (n = 4/grupo, do sexo masculino), que durante todo o experimento receberam comida e água "ad libitum" e foram mantidos em ciclo de luz natural. A manipulação e os procedimentos com os animais seguiram os princípios do Comitê de Ética no Uso de Animais em Pesquisa (CEUA-UFF n º 219). As lesões cutâneas foram induzidas no abdome por injeção intradérmica de 3 mg / kg de veneno de B. leucurus ou B. jararaca. O grupo controle recebeu injeção de solução salina fisiológica. Os animais foram sacrificados 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 45 e 60 dias após a injeção de veneno, sob anestesia geral, a fim de remover a pele para processamento histológico. O passo seguinte foi corar com hematoxilina e eosina as amostras de pele e análise por microscopia óptica. Depois de 24 h a epiderme das amostras injetadas com os venenos estava desorganizada e apresentava maior espessura, em comparação com o controle. Após 21 e 45 dias foi possível identificar diferenças na análise imuno-histoquímica de citoqueratina 14 com padrão de marcação suprabasal das camadas epidérmicas, observado apenas em áreas de hiperproliferação nas amostras de pele injetadas com veneno. As amostras de pele de 60 dias do grupo de B. leucurus apresentaram células com núcleos picnóticos e as amostras de pele injetadas com as peçonhas de ambas espécies tinham fibra muscular em fase de recuperação, com núcleos centralizados, indicando processo de regeneração. Ainda nesta fase crônica foi possível identificar angiogênese com base na marcação de endotélio na derme através da imuno-histoquímica com o anticorpo CD34. Os resultados indicam que as lesões cutâneas induzidas por B. leucurus diferem de B. jararaca, sendo que as primeiras produziram intenso infiltrado inflamatório com padrão proliferativo diferenciado de reparação de feridas. Além disso, as peçonhas estudadas apresentaram-se como ferramentas úteis para o estudo de modelos de regeneração cutânea, porém a confirmação da tumorigênese depende de uma análise mais complexa, com destaque para fatores determinantes como o tempo e a intensidade de exposição ao veneno / Snake venoms are complex mixture of toxins, which are mostly enzymes and peptides with diverse biological activities. The bothropic venoms can induce hemorrhage, edema, necrosis and various skin conditions such as blister formation and dermonecrosis. Although there are significant advances in the study of the pathogenesis of hemorrhage and myonecrosis in venomous Viperidae, there are few references to the skin abnormalities derived from these venoms, regardless of its clinical relevance. Our goal is to evaluate the effects of B. leucurus and B. jararaca venoms in the induction of skin lesions as well as in the process of regeneration. The animals used were adult albino Swiss mice with 25 ± 3 g (n = 4/group, male), which throughout the experiment received food and water "ad libitum" and were maintained in natural light cycle. Manipulation and procedures with animals followed the principles of Evaluation Committee on the Use of Animals in Research (CEUA-UFF nº 219). The skin lesions were induced in the abdomen by intradermal injection of 3 mg/kg B. leucurus or B. jararaca venom. The control group received injection of physiological saline solution. The animals were sacrificed 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 45 and 60 days after venom injection under general anesthesia in order to remove the skin for histological processing. The next step was the hematoxylin and eosin staining of the skin samples and analysis by optical microscopy. After 24 h the epidermis of the samples injected with venoms was disorganized and had greater thickness, compared with the control. After 21 and 45 days it was possible to identify differences in immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin 14 with suprabasal epidermal layers staining, observed only in areas of hyperproliferation in samples of skin injected with venom. Skin samples of B. leucurus 60 days group cells had pyknotic nuclei and skin samples injected with venoms of both species had muscle fiber in recovery phase, with centered nuclei , indicating regeneration process. Still in chronic phase, we found angiogenesis based on marking endothelium in the dermis by immunohistochemistry with CD34 antibody. The results indicate that the cutaneous lesions induced by B. leucurus differs from B. jararaca, with the first resulting in intense inflammatory infiltrate with different proliferative pattern of wound repair. In addition, the venoms studied were presented as useful tools to study models of skin regeneration , although confirmation of tumorigenesis depends on a more complex analysis with emphasis on determining factors such as the time and intensity of exposure to the venoms

M.Sc. (Environmental Management) / As in many other countries, the processes of gentrification in South Africa have taken the form of urban regeneration. However, little geographical research has been conducted on gentrification in South Africa. This study adds to the literature by presenting the case of Parkhurst, a Johannesburg surburb, that has undergone gentrification. Parkhurst displays three of the four characteristics of gentrification: (1) the housing stock has undergone extensive physical improvement (2) property values have increased and (3) the original residents have been displaced. Although gentrification is usually also associated with a change in housing tenure from rentals to ownership, it was found that ownership was, and still is, a common feature, both prior to, and subsequent to, gentrification. The study found that Parkhurst has a demographic and a socio-economic profile typical of a gentrified suburb in that it is populated by young, educated and childless couples, many of whom are high- income-earning professionals, and new residents to the area. Due to its past designation as white space, this suburb is still a reflection of South Africa’s racially stratified past in that it is still numerically dominated by white people. Furthermore, the gender ratio is skewed in favour of males. Almost one third of the housing stock has been renovated or is under renovation. Some of the residential stands in the suburb have been converted into business units such as restaurants and antique shops. This research concluded that for Parkhurst the process of gentrification has been driven by consumptive patterns of behaviour, with individual consumption patterns in particular driving the process.

According to the Forest Care Act, an approved rejuvenation is required no later thanthree years after rejuvenation has been made. Approved rejuvenation methods arenatural rejuvenation, sowing or planting. In 1903, the first law on recapture wasintroduced and since then the law has gradually changed. From 1993 onwards,environmental and production goals are equal. Replanting has to be reported bylandowners to the Forest Board and this is done by filling in and returning a reply card.The report shows the growth in the field and compares this with the answers from theresponse cards. Hylte municipality, all response cards match the observations in thefield. In Halmstad municipality, 18 areas have been observed, of which 14 have beenreported by the landowner that a rejuvenation has been carried out.The intention of the report is also to review how the response cards look and howlandowners perceive them. What could be improved on current response cards?Landowners have been interviewed and data has been collected through fieldobservations. The results have then been compiled and describe the differences observedbetween two different municipalities. In Hylte municipality, the proportion ofrejuvenated areas is 95 percent, while in Halmstad municipality only 79 percent.

Modern society since the 1970s has been characterised by an ongoing information revolution which has been led by innovations in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Technological breakthroughs have pushed social organisations to constantly adjust themselves to fit new possibilities and demands. But, in spatial planning, comparing to other fields, the influences of the ICT innovations are still limited due to the ‘mismatch’ between real demands and technology supply and ‘bottlenecks’ in implementations. This research is aimed at improving the technological support practice in spatial planning decision-making by, linking the technology supply with planning demand. This is based on both theoretical debate and practical experiences, to develop a new model for a successful Planning Support System (PSS), and to test and implement it in the practice of ‘sustainable urban regeneration’. In this research, new opportunities have been created from matching the innovations of Web 2.0 internet applications and geo-semantic web services with the standing demand on gathering and exchanging knowledge in spatial planning, which facilitate the shift of decision-making towards a more communicative and collaborative mode. To do this, a new PSS framework was proposed for bridging the ICT innovations and the planning world, focusing on the common interest in the positive combination of technology, knowledge and people. A prototype system was designed, developed and implemented with local authorities in Greater Manchester in a case study of sustainable transport planning. The experiences learnt show that: 1) the contradiction between the limited expectations of the planners and the complex technological facilities that the developers offer affected the motivation to take up innovations in the first place; 2) the wider context of planning decision-making, i.e. the changing ideology of public policy-making, affects the acceptance of ICT innovations in practice, 3) the organisational structure and politics within planning institutions can also limit the diffusion of innovations. Besides, the actors (i.e. initiator, developers and targeted users) in technology implementation are often not clearly defined, which causes uncertainties and misunderstandings in the process. Furthermore, there is a dilemma in that using ICT innovations to facilitate policy innovations also means unexpected changes in daily routine or organisational culture, which most governmental departments are not fully ready and willing to accept. Therefore, it is recommended that future development in PSS should: 1) actively embrace the new technologies and interfaces, 2) find suitable ‘use-cases’ which support knowledge exchange in the multi-level and multi-agent plan-making, 3) follow a task-based approach to produce a useful tool with clearly defined purposes, 4) identify the appropriate actors and partnerships for PSS development and implementation and 5) try to institutionalise PSS development and implementation within the planning authority, to minimise resistance caused by non-technical issues and organizational obstacles.

Poetic dwelling, both as the perception of and engagement with the environment, has predominantly been lost in contemporary society. As a result, the earth had become an ‘inexhaustible inventory’ in the eyes of the dweller, resulting in a culture that merely consumes without giving anything of itself. In response to a Regenerative approach to the making of architecture, the dissertation combines the theories of Robert. P. Harrison and Martin Heidegger, in that poetic dwelling finds its extension in the form of building, and its fulfillment in the garden. The design aims to facilitate the healing of both people and environment on a site scarred by the consumer model of modern industry, and does so on a derelict brick quarry site in Monument Park, Pretoria. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / Unrestricted

This thesis examines two 'urban regeneration' projects ongoing in peripheral. post-industrial areas of Edinburgh (Scotland). Both areas have suffered from long term underinvestment, and are classic examples of Neil Smith's 'rent-gap'; the plans for both envision higher prices, richer residents, less (or no) council housing and hold onto the notion of integration into 'Edinburgh' proper. The way in which land must become a form of fictitious capital is in evidence as both fuel and aim: rising land values is the ideal; rising land values is the way to achieve that ideal. The aim of this thesis is twofold. on the one hand, I seek a detailed history of these two projects, to provide a portrait of urban change in areas of Edinburgh that are almost totally absent from the literature. Edinburgh is consistently perceived as a 'successful' and affluent city, and the history portrayed herein challenges this perception, illustrating how it is only maintained through the eviction of other notions of the city. In this sense the work of critical geographers is brought to bear on an urban environment not widely seen to offer insight into the visceral fault lines of profit-seeking urban redevelopment. At the same time, this thesis mounts a theoretical intervention vis-à-vis the conception of 'the state' in work on gentrification and urban regeneration. The state has assume growing importance as an actor in narratives of gentrification, so much so that the phenomenon is often perceived as state-led. In my two case-studies the habit for institutionally declaring a denial of state agency is in full force: both projects were led by elusive public/private 'partnerships', but in both cases they were in fact much more 'public' than they wanted to appear. In this sense state agency is (intentionally) hidden behind an unaccountable façade of separation. At its simplest, my research challenges the notion that 'the state' gentrifies because it know what it is doing. There is a presumed intentionality behind notions of state-led gentrification that appears to be missing: rather, this is gentrification enacted by assumptions, limitations, a lack of imagination, lack of money; in other words by the neoliberalisation of the state itself. In this sense gentrification is not occurring because it is chosen as a policy outcome, but is chosen because it is perceived as the only policy outcome. This can best be understood by challenging the notion of a state/economy dichotomy that is implicit in most research on gentrification. Both projects were ambitions, and both suffered spectacularly as a result of an ongoing financial crisis caused in no small way by the very strategies of real-estate valorisation they typify themselves. These are landscapes rendered by demolition and land values that catastrophically failed to rise, indicative of two epochs slain in quick succession: the Keynesian-industrial era, flattened to make way for the entrepreneurial city that lies in crisis. Attention to the way they were planned, the way they failed to succeed and the way no alternative plan has arisen haves us a treatise on the way planning is seemingly locked into a certain path. This thesis prompts a more critical engagement with 'the ate' of gentrification, and is ultimately guided by a political commitment to more equitable, democratically accountable urban policy where the legitimacy of state involvement needs constant renegotiation. The paradigm of neoliberal urban policy is - to use Neil Smith's phrase - 'dead but dominant', and we need to try and understand how.