nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta uma anÃlise do impacto do Imposto Sobre OperaÃÃes relativas à CirculaÃÃo de Mercadorias e sobre PrestaÃÃes de ServiÃo de Transporte Interestadual e Intermunicipal e de ComunicaÃÃo- ICMS e do Imposto de Renda Pessoa FÃsica-IRPF na distribuiÃÃo de renda no Estado do CearÃ. O objetivo do estudo à identificar se o ICMS à regressivo, penalizando as pessoas das classes de menor poder econÃmico, e se o IRPF compensa o efeito regressivo do ICMS. Foram utilizados no trabalho informaÃÃes sobre consumo de 50 produtos das famÃlias cearenses constante dos microdados da POF-IBGE 2002/2003. O mÃtodo utilizado para construir a funÃÃo de regressÃo amostral foi dos mÃnimos quadrados ordinÃrios. Estimam-se curvas de Engel com o propÃsito de determinar as elasticidades-renda da demanda dos produtos selecionados em relaÃÃo aos respectivos dispÃndios. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o IRPF compensa a regressividade do ICMS, sendo as classes mais pobres as que arcam em termos relativos com o pagamento do ICMS no Estado do CearÃ. / This thesis presents an analysis of the impact of Tax Operations on the Circulation of Goods and the Rendering of Transportation Service Interstate and Intermunicipal Communications, GST and income tax -Individual Income Tax on income distribution in the state of Ceara. The aim of study is to identify if the GST is regressive, penalizing those classes less economic power, and the PIT offsets the regressive effect of GST. Were used in the paper about consumption of 50 families of products Ceara constant of POF, IBGE 2002/2003. The method used to construct the regression function of the sample was OLS. An estimated Engel curves in order to determine the income elasticities demand of the products selected for their respective expenditures. The results show that the PIT offsets the regressivity of the VAT, and the poorer classes who bear in relative terms with the payment ICMS in the State of CearÃ.

本研究從長時間來觀察台灣香菸稅捐的累退程度變化，並且同時觀察台灣吸菸家庭具備何種特徵，以作為政府相關單位在制定租稅及菸害防制等政策的一個參考。利用行政主計處之「家庭收支調查報告」、台灣省菸酒公賣局之「臺灣地區菸酒事業統計年報」及學者研究等資料來進行累退性衡量，發現自1979年開始至2007年，我國香菸稅累退程度呈現加劇的情形，而各吸菸家庭則呈現出菸草消費支出金額愈高者戶長及家庭成員平均年齡愈低、教育程度較低、以及女性戶長比例下降等特徵。 由此結果可看出我國香菸稅累退程度並未減輕，低所得家庭反而較高所得家庭負擔為重，此外菸草消費支出較高的家庭由於平均教育程度較低，普遍缺乏吸菸會造成健康危害的風險認知，因此衛生醫療主管當局應加強菸害防制教育以利提升國民健康。 / This study observes the regressivity changes of cigarette taxation in Taiwan for long run and the features of smoking families in Taiwan to offer the government and relevant organization a reference in making taxation and tobacco hazards prevention policies. This study uses “Report on the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure in Taiwan Area of Republic of China” from 1979 to 2007, “Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Statistical Yearbook” and other scholars’ contribution to measure the regressivity of cigarette taxation. The results shows the regressivity of cigarette taxation in Taiwan is more and more severe from 1979 to 2007, and the smoking families which have higher tobacco expenditure shows the features of lower average age, lower education level, and lower percentage of female household head. This study concludes that the regressivity of cigarette taxation is more amd more severe, so the tax burden of lower income families is much serious than higher income families, and because of lower education level, the families with higher tobacco expenditure are popularly lack of risk perception which smoking hazards health. Therefore health and medical executive should reinforce tobacco prevention education to promote national health.

nÃo hà / A presente dissertaÃÃo faz uma avaliaÃÃo do impacto do Imposto sobre OperaÃÃes relativas a CirculaÃÃo de Mercadorias e sobre PrestaÃÃes de ServiÃos de Transporte Interestadual e Intermunicipal e de ComunicaÃÃo- ICMS e do Imposto de Renda da Pessoa FÃsica âIRPF sobre a distribuiÃÃo de renda das famÃlias cearenses. O objetivo do estudo à verificar se o ICMS à um imposto regressivo e se a progressividade do IRPF neutraliza o efeito regressivo do ICMS. A pesquisa levou em consideraÃÃo somente o item alimentaÃÃo e se restringiu à informaÃÃo sobre o consumo de 50 produtos das famÃlias cearenses constantes dos microdados da POF-IBGE 2008/2009. O modelo economÃtrico utilizado para construir a funÃÃo de regressÃo amostral foi dos mÃnimos quadrados ordinÃrios, por meio do qual foram estimadas as curvas de Engel com o propÃsito de determinar as elasticidades-renda da demanda dos produtos selecionados em relaÃÃo aos respectivos dispÃndios. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram, primeiramente, que o ICMS à regressivo, atingindo fortemente as classes de renda mais baixa, e que o IRPF pago pelas classes de renda mais altas compensa a regressividade do ICMS. / The present dissertation makes an assessment of the impact of the Imposto sobre OperaÃÃes relativas a CirculaÃÃo de Mercadorias e sobre PrestaÃÃo de ServiÃos de Transporte Interestadual e Intermunicipal e de ComunicaÃÃo â ICMS and of Imposto de Renda Pessoa FÃsica -IRPF about the income distribution of Cearà families. The objective of this study is to verify if the ICMS is a regressive tax and if the progressivity of IRPF neutralizes the regressive effect of the ICMS. Search took into consideration only the feed item and was restricted to information about 50 products consumption of families in the State of Cearà contained in POF-IBGE 2008/2009. The econometric model used to build the sample regression function was ordinary least squares, through which Engel curves were estimated for the purpose of determining the demand for income-elasticities selected products in relation to their respective expenditure. The obtained results demonstrated, first, that the ICMS is regressive, hitting heavily lower income classes, and that IRPF paid by the highest income classes compensates the regressivity of ICMS.