Este trabalho tem o objetivo de transmitir aos Engenheiros de Estruturas o conhecimento teórico necessário para o dimensionamento e detalhamento de pilares usuais de edifícios em concreto armado. A definição das posições dos pilares em uma estrutura, bem como uma estimativa da seção transversal dos mesmos são abordadas neste trabalho. O estudo da estabilidade global, realizado no Capítulo 3, nos permite avaliar se os deslocamentos ocorridos na estrutura em função das ações horizontais e verticais, geram esforços de segunda ordem consideráveis ou não. A instabilidade de pilares será comentada no Capítulo 5, bem como os Métodos desenvolvidos para avaliar se um determinado pilar é estável ou instável. O detalhamento de pilares segundo as prescrições do Texto Base para a revisão da NBR - 6118/78, bem como o desenvolvimento de exemplos de dimensionamento de pilares estão contidos neste trabalho nos Capítulos 7 e 8, respectivamente. / The objective of this work is to transrnit to the structural engineers the necessary theoretical knowledge for the design and detail of usual columns in reinforced concrete buildings. The definition of the columns positions in the structure, as well as an estimate of their cross section will be explained in this work. The global stability study, described in chapter 3, allows us to evaluate whether the deformations ocurred in the structure due to horizontal and vertical actions, cause considerable second order strength or not. The columns instability will be commented in chapter 5, as well as the methods developed to evaluate whether a specific column is stable or instable. The columns detail as prescribed in the Basic Text for the Revision of NBR - 6118/78, and also the development of examples for columns design are in chapter 7 and 8, respectively.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de transmitir aos Engenheiros de Estruturas o conhecimento teórico necessário para o dimensionamento e detalhamento de pilares usuais de edifícios em concreto armado. A definição das posições dos pilares em uma estrutura, bem como uma estimativa da seção transversal dos mesmos são abordadas neste trabalho. O estudo da estabilidade global, realizado no Capítulo 3, nos permite avaliar se os deslocamentos ocorridos na estrutura em função das ações horizontais e verticais, geram esforços de segunda ordem consideráveis ou não. A instabilidade de pilares será comentada no Capítulo 5, bem como os Métodos desenvolvidos para avaliar se um determinado pilar é estável ou instável. O detalhamento de pilares segundo as prescrições do Texto Base para a revisão da NBR - 6118/78, bem como o desenvolvimento de exemplos de dimensionamento de pilares estão contidos neste trabalho nos Capítulos 7 e 8, respectivamente. / The objective of this work is to transrnit to the structural engineers the necessary theoretical knowledge for the design and detail of usual columns in reinforced concrete buildings. The definition of the columns positions in the structure, as well as an estimate of their cross section will be explained in this work. The global stability study, described in chapter 3, allows us to evaluate whether the deformations ocurred in the structure due to horizontal and vertical actions, cause considerable second order strength or not. The columns instability will be commented in chapter 5, as well as the methods developed to evaluate whether a specific column is stable or instable. The columns detail as prescribed in the Basic Text for the Revision of NBR - 6118/78, and also the development of examples for columns design are in chapter 7 and 8, respectively.

No description available.

Aujourd’hui, la technologie du béton ayant fortement évolué, il est, sous certaines conditions, réaliste de construire des éléments structuraux en béton ayant à la compression une résistance de 90N/mm² voire nettement plus. En conséquence, l’ingénieur concepteur peut être amené dans le cadre du dimensionnement des colonnes à en diminuer les dimensions transversales pour des raisons esthétiques ou d’encombrement. Inévitablement, cette diminution de la section transversale induit une augmentation de l’élancement et augmente ainsi les risques des instabilités de flambement. A cette question de flambement, il faut adjoindre l’influence d’une préconception qui veut qu’une structure en béton à haute résistance soit moins ductile qu’une structure construite avec un béton normal ! De ceci résulte la question à la base de ce travail : « Peut-on arriver à diminuer la section transversale d’une colonne en utilisant des résistances de béton plus élevées tout en imposant la même valeur de capacité portante et en ne réduisant pas leur ductilité ? » Afin de répondre à cette question, le travail s’est articulé autour de deux axes essentiels qui sont d’une part une campagne d’essais (afin d’obtenir des résultats fiables) sur 12 colonnes en béton armé à haute résistance (90N/mm²) d’élancement 74 et 82 dont l’excentricité de la charge est une variable, et d’autre part l’implémen- tation de deux programmes informa- tiques utilisant le principe de l’analyse au second ordre en vue de réaliser une étude paramétrique dont l’excentricité, la hauteur des colonnes, la proportion d’acier, la résistance du béton sont les variables. Trop souvent encore, les ingénieurs de bureau d’études hésitent à effectuer un calcul au second ordre et placés devant la question des dimensions de section à donner à une colonne de hauteur et de capacité portante imposées, déterminent celles-ci pour se satisfaire d’un calcul au 1er ordre. Au terme de notre étude, nous avons montré que cette approche est loin d’être optimale, qu’il est possible, au prix d’un calcul au second ordre (mais il est fait à l’ordinateur), de tirer profit d’une augmentation de la résistance du béton pour réduire les dimensions des sections et aboutir en toute sécurité à un dimensionnement plus économique en consommation de matériaux (acier, béton, ciment).

São descritas as recomendações da Norma Brasileira NBR-6118/1978 e do Código Modelo do Comité Euro-internacional du Béton CEB-1990 para a verificação da estabilidade de pilares esbeltos de concreto armado com seção variável submetidos à flexão normal composta, empregando-se a teoria do método geral. Para a obtenção dos momentos de segunda ordem são descritos os métodos de Engesser-Vianello e da integração numérica das curvaturas das seções transversais ao longo do pilar. Para a determinação do momento fletor absorvido pelas seções em função da curvatura proveniente da flexão do pilar sob a ação de uma força normal, desenvolvem-se as expressões para seções retangulares e circulares (cheias e vazadas) com base nas relações de tensão-deformação dos materiais segundo a norma e o código supracitados. Apresenta-se também um programa para microcomputador, elaborado em linguagem PASCAL, destinado à verificação da estabilidade de pilares com opção de adoção dos critérios da NBR-6118/1978 ou do CEB-1190. Não foram abordados os efeitos decorrentes de vibrações, fazendo-se apenas a descrição dos métodos de consideração dos efeitos decorrentes da deformação lenta. / The recommendations of Brazilian Code NBR-6118/1978 and Comité Euro-Internacional du Béton Model Code CEB-1990 are described, for stability verification of concrete slender columns with variable cross sections, subjected to axial load and bending moment, using the exact method. To obtain the second order bending moments, the Engesser-Vianello method and the numeric integration of the cross section curvatures along the longitudinal axial of column method are described. To obtain of bending moment supported by the cross sections due to curvature resultant of the column flexure under axialload, expressions for rectangular and circular (full and hollow) cross sections are developed, using stress-strain relations for materials proposed by model codes above mentioned. It\'s also presented a software written in PASCAL language for microcomputer and destined to column stability verification, with option to adopt the NBR-6118/1978 or CEB-1990 model code recommendations. Effects due to vibrations were nor included. Methods to take in account creep effects were described.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:05:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danielli Cristina Borelli Cintra.pdf: 4222911 bytes, checksum: 0db55771987e1317b678d8aff9ba3ab7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-28 / The lap splice of the longitudinal reinforcement of columns positioned at the base, widely used in the execution of multiple floors structures in reinforced concrete floors, is the most vulnerable point in the pathological manifestations columns of buildings, compromising the structural performance and durability of the building. This region suffers from the stage of concrete, the high concentration of bars and high altitude release of concrete that promote segregation of the aggregate, and hinder access to the consolidation. During the life of the structure, is a region of high concentration of efforts, especially in columns bracing and often exposed to aggressive agents, such as the accumulation of waste chemicals, cleaning and humidity. The present work is an experimental and statistical study of the behavior at break of 31 short columns reinforced concrete subjected to concentric compression. All columns possessed cross section of 19cm x 19cm, height 170cm, concrete strength around 30MPa and longitudinal geometric rate of 0.88%. Varied only the position and the length of the lap splice to analyze the influence of these two factors and the interaction between them in the capacity of the columns. Are analyzed qualitatively manufacturing procedures samples of columns, which were close to the conditions of execution of the columns in the works. We used a factorial design to statistically analyze the experimental results, which confirmed the hypothesis that none of the factors applied, even the interaction between them, would be significant for the load capacity of the columns / A emenda por traspasse de armadura longitudinal posicionada na base de pilares, largamente utilizada na execução de estruturas de múltiplos pavimentos em concreto armado, consiste num dos pontos mais vulneráveis às manifestações patológicas em pilares de edifícios, comprometendo o desempenho estrutural e durabilidade da edificação. Tal região é prejudicada, desde a etapa de concretagem, pela alta concentração de armadura e pela altura elevada de lançamento do concreto, que promovem a segregação do agregado, além de dificultarem o acesso para o adensamento. Durante a vida útil da estrutura, é uma região de alta concentração de esforços e geralmente exposta a agentes agressivos, como o acúmulo de resíduos de produtos químicos, de limpeza e umidade. O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo experimental e estatístico do comportamento até a ruptura de 31 pilares curtos de concreto armado, submetidos à compressão centrada. Todos os pilares possuíam seção transversal de 19cm x 19cm, altura de 170cm, resistência do concreto em torno de 30MPa e taxa geométrica de armadura longitudinal de 0,88%. Variou-se apenas a posição da emenda e o comprimento de traspasse da armadura longitudinal para analisar a influência desses dois fatores e da interação entre eles na capacidade de carga dos pilares. São analisados qualitativamente os procedimentos de fabricação das amostras de pilares, que foram próximos às condições de execução de pilares em obras. Utilizou-se um planejamento fatorial para analisar estatisticamente os resultados experimentais, que confirmou as hipóteses de que nenhum dos fatores adotados, nem mesmo a interação entre eles, seriam significativos para a capacidade de carga dos pilares

Severe seismic events in urban regions during the last two decades revealed that the structures constructed before the development of modern seismic codes are the most vulnerable to earthquakes. Sub-standard reinforced concrete buildings constitute an important part of this highly vulnerable urban building stock. There is urgent need for the development and improvement of methods for seismic performance assessment of existing reinforced concrete structures. As an alternative to current conventional force-based assessment methods, a performance evaluation procedure for structural members, mainly reinforced concrete columns is proposed in this study, by using an energy-based approach combined with the low cycle fatigue concept. An energy-based hysteresis model is further introduced for representing the inelastic response of column members under severe seismic excitations. The shape of the hysteresis loops are controlled by the dissipated cumulative energy whereas the ultimate strength is governed by the low cycle fatigue behavior. These two basic characteristics are obtained experimentally from full scale specimens tested under constant and variable amplitude displacement cycles. The first phase of the experimental program presented in the study constitutes of testing sub-standard non-conforming column specimens. The second phase of testing was conducted on standard, code compliant reinforced concrete columns. A total number of 13 specimens were tested. The behavior of these specimens was observed individually and comparatively according to the performance based objectives. The results obtained from the experiments were employed for developing relations between the energy dissipation capacity of specimens, the specimen properties as well as the imposed displacement history. Moreover, the measured rotation capacities at the plastic regions are evaluated comparatively with the limits proposed by modern displacement-based seismic design and assessment provisions.

Numerous reinforced concrete buildings vulnerable to earthquake induced collapse have been constructed in seismic zones prior to the 1970s. A major contributor to building collapse is the loss of axial load carrying capacity in non-seismically detailed columns. Experimental investigations have shown that non-seismically detailed columns will only experience axial failure after shear failure and subsequent lateral shear strength degradation have occurred. Therefore, column shear failure and degrading behavior must be modeled accurately before axial collapse algorithms can be properly implemented. Furthermore, accurate modeling of the degrading lateral-load behavior of columns is needed if lateral load sharing between structural elements is to be assessed with reasonable accuracy during seismic analyses. A calibrated analytical model was developed that is capable of estimating the lateral strength degrading behavior of RC columns prone to shear failure. Existing analytical models poorly approximate nonlinear column behavior and require several nonphysical damage parameters to be defined. In contrast, the proposed calibrated model provides the engineering community with a valuable tool that only requires the input of column material and geometric properties to simulate column behavior up to loss of lateral strength. In developing the model, a database of RC columns was compiled. Parameters extracted from database column-tests were scrutinized for trends and regression models relating damage parameters to column physical properties and boundary conditions were produced. The regression models were implemented in the degrading analytical framework that was developed in this project. Two reinforced concrete columns exhibiting significant inelastic deformations prior to failing in shear were tested in support of the analytical work. A newly developed Vision System was used to track a grid of targets on the column face with a resolution of three-thousands of an inch. Surface column deformations were measured to further the understanding of the fundamental changes in column behavior that accompany shear and axial failure and validate the proposed analytical model. This research provides the engineering community with an analytical tool that can be used to perform nonlinear dynamic analysis of buildings that are at risk of collapse and help engineers improve retrofit techniques. Further insight into shear behavior attained through this project is an important step toward the development of better shear and axial degradation models for reinforced concrete columns. / text

Baigiamajame darbe projektuojamas logistikos centras „AUTOARENA“, kuris bus statomas Išradėjų g. 6, Šiauliuose. Pastatą sudaro trys pagrindinės funkcinės zonos: garažų, sandėlio ir administracinių patalpų. Pastato bendras plotas 2135,8 m2. Pastatas priskiriamas prie ypatingos paskirties statinių. Architektūrinėje dalyje pateikti bendri statinio rodikliai, techniniai-tūriniai sprendimai bei rekomendacijos. Konstrukcinėje dalyje pateikti 4 konstrukcijų skaičiavimai pagal standartus LST bei techninius Reglamentus STR. Technologinėje dalyje pateikti medžiagų žiniaraščiai bei savaeigio krano parinkimas. Prieduose pateikta šilumos laidumo koeficientų skaičiavimas, konstrukcinės dalies skaičiavimo kompiuterine programa, „Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2011“, ataskaitos bei lokalinė objekto sąmata, kuri suskaičiuota „ProsSama5g“ programa. / In this final work designed logistic center „AUTOARENA“, which will be build in Išradėjų st. 6, Šiauliai. The building consists of 3 main function zone: garages, store and office space. The total area of building 2135,8 m2. The building is assigned to special purpose buildings group. The architectural part presents general indicators of the structure, technical-content solutions and recommendations. Structural part consist 4 structures calculations in accordance with standards LST and technical Regalement STR. The technological part to provide material sheets and self-propelled crane selection. Annexes contain heat transfer coefficient calculation, design calculation of a computer program, "Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2011, localized estimate of building which calculated with “ProsSama5g” program.

São descritas as recomendações da Norma Brasileira NBR-6118/1978 e do Código Modelo do Comité Euro-internacional du Béton CEB-1990 para a verificação da estabilidade de pilares esbeltos de concreto armado com seção variável submetidos à flexão normal composta, empregando-se a teoria do método geral. Para a obtenção dos momentos de segunda ordem são descritos os métodos de Engesser-Vianello e da integração numérica das curvaturas das seções transversais ao longo do pilar. Para a determinação do momento fletor absorvido pelas seções em função da curvatura proveniente da flexão do pilar sob a ação de uma força normal, desenvolvem-se as expressões para seções retangulares e circulares (cheias e vazadas) com base nas relações de tensão-deformação dos materiais segundo a norma e o código supracitados. Apresenta-se também um programa para microcomputador, elaborado em linguagem PASCAL, destinado à verificação da estabilidade de pilares com opção de adoção dos critérios da NBR-6118/1978 ou do CEB-1190. Não foram abordados os efeitos decorrentes de vibrações, fazendo-se apenas a descrição dos métodos de consideração dos efeitos decorrentes da deformação lenta. / The recommendations of Brazilian Code NBR-6118/1978 and Comité Euro-Internacional du Béton Model Code CEB-1990 are described, for stability verification of concrete slender columns with variable cross sections, subjected to axial load and bending moment, using the exact method. To obtain the second order bending moments, the Engesser-Vianello method and the numeric integration of the cross section curvatures along the longitudinal axial of column method are described. To obtain of bending moment supported by the cross sections due to curvature resultant of the column flexure under axialload, expressions for rectangular and circular (full and hollow) cross sections are developed, using stress-strain relations for materials proposed by model codes above mentioned. It\'s also presented a software written in PASCAL language for microcomputer and destined to column stability verification, with option to adopt the NBR-6118/1978 or CEB-1990 model code recommendations. Effects due to vibrations were nor included. Methods to take in account creep effects were described.