Homelessness is a socio-pathological phenomenon, caused by the inability of an individual to deal with crisis situations and leading to the lost of relationships but also the material environment. As a result of the above, the social exclusion of the individuals gradually becomes unchangeable. Here, Pěnkava (2013) describes the vertical decline within the social stratification, which brings a deep frustration and in a number of cases leads to resignation on the efforts to deal efficiently with the unfavorable situation. The causes of such collapse are multifactorial and hence, in order to solve them there is cooperation on the level of multidisciplinary teams needed. However, numerous issues are currently being solved by social workers only, who in many cases are forced to replace experts in fields such as law, psychology, pedagogy of leisure time, geriatry or medicine. The central theme of the dissertation is dealing with the possibilities and limitations of people without home in old age living in the Capital City of Prague. Considering the factors of age, the diversity in satisfying their needs and the associated risks involved, is this a specific group of people that is, moreover, at immediate risk to their lives and health. As a consequence, the dignity of these people is being hurt not only...

1 Abstract This diploma thesis aims to describe the practices of the low-threshold center for homeless women "Mezi svými" by which the principles of critical social work are being executed and negotiated in the broader context of "antiradical" Czech social work (Valová and Janebová, 2015) and its discourse "reintegration ". In general, social work is expected to provide its clients with protection against social exclusion or to support their reintegration into society. However, in a situation where employment is considered a key element of integration, social work gets into some difficulties because it cannot create jobs on its own (Castel, 2003). Hence I investigate how peer and social workers find a balance between 1) the ideals of critical social work that organizations subscribe to, and 2) the need to "integrate" women back into the system, activate them, and motivate them to find work. In seeking answers to this question, I pay special attention to the asymmetry of power that characterizes the relationship between social workers and their clients, and I observe the role that peer workers play in sharing power with clients. Key words: Feminist anthropology, intersection of disadvantages, critical social work, power, women in social distress, peer workers, reintegration, work.

The diploma thesis is focused on socio-pedagogical means of assistance to the homeless which is provided by social facilities in the Czech Republic in the process of their reintegration. The goal of the thesis is to ascertain, describe and analyse the possibilities of socio-pedagogical assistance to the homeless. The thesis has theoretical-empirical character. In the theoretical part, I concentrate on the topic of homelessness, public housing, system of assistance for the homeless where I mention two approaches of supported living: Housing Ready and Housing First. Other topics include social difficulties and social reintegration of the homeless, social pedagogy and socio-pedagogical means of assistance to the homeless where social rehabilitation, community work and social entrepreneurship belong. The empirical part is devoted to a research. With the usage of semi-structured interviews, this research examines which means of socio-pedagogical assistance to the homeless are used in the process of their social reintegration and how both parties reflect on its usefulness. The interviews were carried out by the clients of the facilities offering socio- pedagogical assistance and the workers who offer this assistance to them. The main findings include that on their reintegration, the homeless deal with a...

What does “success” mean for social reintegration of ex-combatants in urban settings? Although reintegration of former fighters has been at the center of academic and policy discourse for achieving peace, limited attention has been paid to unraveling how social reintegration processes occur and how they are impacted in urban contexts. This thesis studies the specific issue of successful social reintegration in urban contexts and asks why it evidences higher levels of success in some urban settings than others. Drawing on previous research on the impact of security conditions on reintegration processes, it argues that actual or suspected eroded security conditions, caused by the presence of organized armed groups as well as reintegrating ex-combatants whose former unit operated in the same host community, negatively impact levels of success of social reintegration in urban centers because they each increase levels of fear towards ex-combatants among community members. Through process tracing and structured focused comparison, this thesis assesses the explanatory power of the proposed hypotheses for the cases of Bogota and Medellin. Based on the yielded results, support for both hypotheses is identified. Nonetheless given the nuanced conceptualizations propose heiring, future research is called upon to further assess the explanatory power of the proposed models.

Diploma thesis Possibilities of independence and reintegration of clients using long term transitional housing for homeless people - focusing on Prague deals with problem of barriers in a reintegration process of homeless people. It is a primarily unavailability of follow up affordable housing and non-existent system of social housing in the Czech republic. The consequence is long term remain in the transitional housing or in a hostel without possibility of full return to the society. This problem is not resolved neither providing social benefits for housing. Because often the people in need don't get them or the benefits are abused by the owners of the hostels. This metod of solving is very overpriced and unpromising for the future. The solution could be creating a system of the social housing, which would include a few levels of housing which would follow one another. The top would be an ordinary affordable housing. Integral parts of social housing are supporting social services which follow needs of each client. This diploma thesis introduces several projects which are closest to the social housing. The important part of these projects is cooperation with a local authority. There is essential interest of politicians of homelessness to support these activities and interact. For this reason the...

In a broader sense, this thesis examines the extent to which the international community decides on the application and shape of standard security templates in post-conflict environments. These standard templates are increasingly criticized for their inflexibility and inability to adapt to the actual conditions and needs on ground. In order to alleviate this criticism, as well as improve the success of these programs, the international community recently embraced the concept of national ownership. Whether it is a rhetorical concept and political tool and how its understanding differs between theory and reality are the main topics of this thesis. Specifically, the paper analyzes the concept of national ownership in the process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants on the example of Sudan from 2003 until 2013. Sudanese DDR process has been defined as nationally owned, but nevertheless criticized for the blind following of international standards and overall inability to adapt to the context. The objective of the thesis was set out to establish what the interpretation of national ownership was in theory and compare it with the type of ownership that had taken place in practice. The main part of this study is the analysis of the control exercised by national and...

El objetivo de la investigación fue describir las vivencias en la reinserción laboral en oficiales del Ejército del Perú. Para tal fin, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo aplicando la técnica de la entrevista semi estructurada a 10 oficiales en situación de retiro, cuyas edades estuvieron comprendidas en el rango de 55 a 65 años. Los principales resultados evidencian que los participantes se identifican con su institución y valoran los aprendizajes que obtuvieron en su vida militar, considerándolas importantes para el proceso de reinserción laboral. Finalmente, se concluye que las vivencias y aprendizajes obtenidos en el desarrollo de las funciones militares favorecen en su reinserción laboral. / The objective of the research was to describe the experiences in labor reinsertion in officers of the Peruvian Army. To this end, a qualitative study was developed applying the semi-structured interview technique to 10 retired officers, whose ages ranged from 55 to 65 years. The main results show that the participants identify with their institution and value the learning they obtained in their military life, considering them important for the process of labor reintegration. Finally, it is concluded that the experiences and learning obtained in the development of military functions favor their reintegration into work. / Tesis

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Ce projet de mémoire examine les perceptions et expériences d’une douzaine de personnes travaillant et/ou vivant sur une ferme de réinsertion pour les personnes contrevenantes. Après avoir participé pendant un mois aux activités de la ferme et nous être entretenu auprès de 12 personnes, nous avons exploré comment la ferme fonctionne, comment ses différentes composantes sont utilisées et comment l’intervention s’intègre avec le concept du désistement assisté. Nous avons trouvé qu’un lien unissait la ferme et la communauté environnante. Cependant, ce lien n’a pas encore été exploré par la littérature. En plus de promouvoir le maintien d’une abstinence de délit, le care farming, à travers le contact avec la communauté se place comme une intervention de choix en ce qui a trait aux pratiques soutenant la reconstruction identitaire et la réintégration des personnes judiciarisées. En effet, cette intervention, bien que permettant de multiples bienfaits, ne trouve son sens qu’à travers la collaboration avec le monde extérieur. / This dissertation project examines the perceptions and experiences of a dozen people working and/or living on a rehabilitation farm. After participating for a month in the farm's activities and interviewed 12 people we explored how the farm operates, how its various components are used, and how the intervention fits with the concept of assisted desistance. We found that there was a connection between the farm and the surrounding community. However, this connection has not yet been explored by the literature. In addition to promoting the maintenance of abstinence from crime, care farming, trough contact with the community, is an intervention of choice for practices that support the reconstruction of identity and the reintegration of offenders. Indeed, this intervention, while providing multiple benefits, only makes sense through collaboration with the outside world.

Contexte : La pertinence du soutien social provenant de l’intérieur a été démontrée pour tous types de populations contraintes à une forme d’hébergement sécurisé. La théorie du soutien social de Francis Cullen, qui prône le soutien social comme outil majeur de réinsertion des personnes contrevenantes, n’aborde pourtant pas l’utilité du soutien social dans ce type de milieu spécifiquement, alors que les caractéristiques distinctives de ces milieux laissent croire que les enjeux relationnels pourraient s’y exprimer différemment qu’en contexte extérieur. Objectif : L’objectif de cette thèse est de démontrer comment les dynamiques émergeant des relations de confiance entre adolescents judiciarisés et placés sous garde en Centre de réadaptation permettent de mettre en perspective la théorie du soutien social proposée par Francis Cullen. D’après les éléments recueillis dans la littérature, trois hypothèses sont dégagées : 1. Les liens de confiance que les jeunes entretiennent au Centre de réadaptation sont plus fragiles qu’en contexte ouvert; 2. Les forces sociales qui structurent habituellement les dynamiques relationnelles de confiance sont différentes de celles observées en contexte ouvert; 3. La fragilité des liens de confiance pour les jeunes investis dans les réseaux de confiance remet en question l’un des mécanismes proposés par la théorie du soutien social de Francis Cullen, selon lequel le soutien entre pairs criminalisés risque de renforcer leurs attitudes criminelles. Méthodologie : L’échantillon est composé de 36 adolescents placés dans deux unités du Centre Cité-des-Prairies et interrogés à six reprises. La méthodologie se fonde sur l’analyse de réseaux avec des méthodes centrées sur les individus (tests QAP) et des méthodes centrées sur la structuration de l’ensemble des liens (modèles ERGM et SAOM). Résultats : Les premières analyses démontrent la variabilité des liens de confiance dans le temps, le faible taux de réciprocité des liens entretenus et la prépondérance des erreurs de perception relationnelles. Les secondes analyses attestent de la participation des biais relationnels et d’une tendance à la réciprocité dans le façonnement structurel du réseau, même lorsque les modélisations contrôlent de potentiels effets de sélection, bien que ces liens soient contraints par une force de densité négative, densité négative qui permet également de comprendre la transformation des réseaux sur trente jours. Le dernier chapitre d’analyses argumente que la popularité des adolescents n’affecte pas leur expérience quotidienne mais peut s’avérer bénéfique pour leurs perceptions individuelles. Une plus forte activité dans les réseaux de confiance s’accorde en parallèle avec une meilleure perception du climat social et plus d’optimisme des adolescents quant à l’atteinte d’objectifs favorisant leur réinsertion sociale. Ces relations significatives sont davantage observées de façon simultanée que différée. Conclusions : Sur le plan théorique, la nature de la confiance est remise en perspective par la nature du milieu. Le mécanisme décrit par Cullen est donc revu dans le cadre du milieu restrictif de liberté. Sur le plan empirique, l’observation d’un échantillon si riche dans un milieu par ailleurs difficile d’accès amène à soulever des implications innovantes pour l’atteinte des objectifs du milieu, laissant croire que la confiance entretenue entre les jeunes n’a finalement pas forcément lieu d’être découragée. / Context: The relevance of social support from within has been demonstrated for all types of populations who are confined in some form of secure housing. Francis Cullen's theory of social support, which advocates social support as a major tool for the reintegration of offenders, does not address the utility of social support in this type of setting specifically, even though the distinctive characteristics of these settings suggest that relational issues may be expressed differently than in an external context. Objective: This thesis aims at demonstrating how the dynamics emerging from trust relationships between adolescents placed in custody in a juvenile rehabilitation center allow us to put into perspective the theory of social support proposed by Francis Cullen. Based on the evidence gathered in the literature, three hypotheses are identified: 1. Trust relationships that youths maintain in the rehabilitation center are more fragile than in open settings; 2. The social forces that usually structure the relational dynamics of trust are different from those observed in open settings; 3. The fragility of trust relationships for adolescents invested in those networks questions one of the mechanisms proposed by Francis Cullen's social support theory, according to which support among criminalized peers risks reinforcing their criminal attitudes. Methodology: The sample consisted of 36 adolescents placed in two units of the Cité-des-Prairies Centre in Montreal (Quebec) and interviewed on six occasions. The methodology is based on network analysis with methods focused on individuals (QAP tests) and methods focused on the structuring of networks (ERGM and SAOM models). Results: The first analyses demonstrate the variability of trust links over time, the low rate of reciprocity of the links maintained and the preponderance of relational misperceptions. The second analyses attest to the participation of relational biases and a tendency towards reciprocity in the structural shaping of the network, even when controlling for potential selection effects, although these ties stay constrained by a negative density force, that also allows us to understand the transformation of the networks over thirty days. The final chapter of analyses argues that adolescents' popularity does not affect their daily experience but could be beneficial to meliorate some of their individual perceptions. Higher activity in trust networks parallels better perceptions of the social climate and more optimism among adolescents about achieving goals that promote their reintegration into society. These significant relationships are more likely to be observed simultaneously than over time. Conclusions: Theoretically, the nature of trust is put into perspective by the nature of the environment. The mechanism described by Cullen is thus reviewed in the context of this restrictive context. Empirically, the observation of such a rich sample in a difficult-to-access setting raises innovative implications for the achievement of Cité-des-Prairies Centre’s goals, ultimately suggesting that trust fostered among youngsters doesn’t necessarily need to be discouraged.