Abstract In this research we focus on MLM companies in Taiwan area, interrelationship between each direct sales and how their own characteristics affect business. Our goal is to understand the uplink and downlink interrelationship in order to improve the their relationship in direct sales companies. This will promote the uplink to help downlink into fast development state and improve the business. As for MLM system, every direct sale does not have legal contract with MLM Company and every marketing unit act as an independent unit. On the other hand, every direct sales requires other units for support and makeup the whole MLM system. Therefore, the relationship between uplink and downlink is the base and strength element of MLM system. Researchers discover that direct sales joins in the MLM system is based on product requirement market more than open market or potential market. Therefore, all those direct sales need to take product requirement market into concern. If the product has large requirement market then it will be easier for the direct sales to expend their MLM system. For those people who did not join into direct sale their direct downlink will be their classmates and friends. In long term direct sales marketing, classmates and friends market are not enough, we need to walk out and open stranger market. In order to gain new market we need to continuously build up new relationship with all kind of people and only this will continuously expend the direct sales market. After direct sales join the MLM system, during the interaction with uplink it will go through initial state, enhance state, stable state and independent state four different states. Every single state will affect the relationship between uplink and downlink on how they build up, maintain and expend. During the direct sales time period we need to think of different tactics base on each state in order to achieve successful direct sales marketing. During each state when we are the uplink then we need to think how to lead the downlink into the whole system and make them become one of the whole system. In order to build up the long term relationship between direct sales and direct sales system is based on trust and mutually beneficial. In direct sales market the relationship between uplink and downlink makeup the base strength of the whole direct sales system. Therefore, enhance the relationship between the uplink and downlink is the key element in successful direct sales market. When direct sales are leading all the downlink they need to use admiration and inspirer as enhance elements. Let downlink learn, grow and independent and lead into road of success. Direct sales market mainly focus on ¡§duplicate¡¨. Therefore, uplinks pass all kind of successful ideas into downlinks and build up the strength base on the interaction between uplinks and downlinks. This is the truth strength behind the MLM.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar como se estruturou o programa Movimento de Alfabetização de Jovens e Adultos da cidade de São Paulo - MOVA-SP - nas gestões Luiza Erundina (1989-1992) e Marta Suplicy (2000-2004). Programa desenvolvido a partir da parceria entre Secretaria Municipal de Educação e organizações da sociedade civil, tem como missão trabalhar os primeiros estágios da alfabetização de jovens e adultos. Para cumprir nossos objetivos, procuramos entender o MOVA-SP em dois momentos de sua implantação, inserindo-o em um quadro geral das políticas públicas para educação de jovens e adultos no Brasil, assim como das principais contribuições nascidas no âmbito da sociedade civil organizada. Nos estudos sobre os dois momentos, procuramos apreender como foram tomadas as decisões sobre a abrangência do programa e quais critérios foram utilizados para controlar as atividades realizadas nos núcleos de alfabetização, como foi avaliado o processo de alfabetização dos jovens e adultos inscritos, como foram utilizados os espaços de discussão entre a equipe técnica da Secretaria de Educação e os representantes das entidades sociais. A partir dessa investigação, pudemos apreender qual concepção de educação de jovens e adultos estão presentes na condução dos trabalhos do MOVA-SP nas gestões Luiza Erundina e Marta Suplicy. / The objective of this study is to investigate the structure of the program entitled MOVA-SP (Youth and Adult Literacy Movement of the City of São Paulo) during the mandates of Luiza Erundina (1989-1992) and Marta Suplicy (2000-2004). This program was developed through a partnership between the Municipal Department of Education (Secretaria Municipal de Educação) and non-governmental organizations, and its mission is to work on the first few stages of literacy acquisition in young people and adults. To reach our objectives, we have attempted to examine MOVA-SP in two different moments of its implementation. We have included it in the general scheme of public policies for education of young people and adults in Brazil, as well as in the main contributions involving the organized civil society. Throughout the study of these two distinct moments, we have tried to understand how decisions were made about the program\'s scope and which criteria were used to monitor activities in the literacy training centers. Other factors were also examined, such as how the literacy process was evaluated for registered young people and adults and how the forums for discussion between the technical team from the Secretaria de Educação and the representatives of social entities were used. In this study, it was possible to examine which conception of education for young people and adults is present in the work of the MOVA-SP program during the mandates of Luiza Erundina and Marta Suplicy.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar como se estruturou o programa Movimento de Alfabetização de Jovens e Adultos da cidade de São Paulo - MOVA-SP - nas gestões Luiza Erundina (1989-1992) e Marta Suplicy (2000-2004). Programa desenvolvido a partir da parceria entre Secretaria Municipal de Educação e organizações da sociedade civil, tem como missão trabalhar os primeiros estágios da alfabetização de jovens e adultos. Para cumprir nossos objetivos, procuramos entender o MOVA-SP em dois momentos de sua implantação, inserindo-o em um quadro geral das políticas públicas para educação de jovens e adultos no Brasil, assim como das principais contribuições nascidas no âmbito da sociedade civil organizada. Nos estudos sobre os dois momentos, procuramos apreender como foram tomadas as decisões sobre a abrangência do programa e quais critérios foram utilizados para controlar as atividades realizadas nos núcleos de alfabetização, como foi avaliado o processo de alfabetização dos jovens e adultos inscritos, como foram utilizados os espaços de discussão entre a equipe técnica da Secretaria de Educação e os representantes das entidades sociais. A partir dessa investigação, pudemos apreender qual concepção de educação de jovens e adultos estão presentes na condução dos trabalhos do MOVA-SP nas gestões Luiza Erundina e Marta Suplicy. / The objective of this study is to investigate the structure of the program entitled MOVA-SP (Youth and Adult Literacy Movement of the City of São Paulo) during the mandates of Luiza Erundina (1989-1992) and Marta Suplicy (2000-2004). This program was developed through a partnership between the Municipal Department of Education (Secretaria Municipal de Educação) and non-governmental organizations, and its mission is to work on the first few stages of literacy acquisition in young people and adults. To reach our objectives, we have attempted to examine MOVA-SP in two different moments of its implementation. We have included it in the general scheme of public policies for education of young people and adults in Brazil, as well as in the main contributions involving the organized civil society. Throughout the study of these two distinct moments, we have tried to understand how decisions were made about the program\'s scope and which criteria were used to monitor activities in the literacy training centers. Other factors were also examined, such as how the literacy process was evaluated for registered young people and adults and how the forums for discussion between the technical team from the Secretaria de Educação and the representatives of social entities were used. In this study, it was possible to examine which conception of education for young people and adults is present in the work of the MOVA-SP program during the mandates of Luiza Erundina and Marta Suplicy.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-25T17:56:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO CÉSAR OLIVEIRA DINIZ - TESE PPGCS 2007..pdf: 3084941 bytes, checksum: 81fc57ae5c1208e5a5041687b12767ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-25T17:56:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO CÉSAR OLIVEIRA DINIZ - TESE PPGCS 2007..pdf: 3084941 bytes, checksum: 81fc57ae5c1208e5a5041687b12767ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-02 / Este trabalho analisa um processo de “experimentalismo institucional” instituído no Governo Lula com o objetivo de fundar um novo paradigma na relação entre Estado e sociedade civil, seja no sentido de alargar a relação ou seja na intenção de aprofundar as mudanças ocorridas no âmbito relacional. Dois aspectos caracterizam um experimentalismo institucional: a decisão do governo em repensar os mecanismos de elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas e, ao mesmo tempo, a iniciativa governamental de buscar se apropriar e fortalecer as experiências bem sucedidas no campo da sociedade civil, passando a referenciar novas políticas. E Dois casos de experimentalismo institucional serão analisados. No primeiro, o experimentalismo se funda em torno da política de segurança alimentar do governo federal e das experiências de convivência com o sem-árido, estas desenvolvidas pela Articulação do Semi-Árido Paraibano. No segundo caso, o experimentalismo é instituído a partir da implantação da política governamental de desenvolvimento territorial. Nos territórios, atores sociais e governos interagem num processo de aprendizagem no sentido de estabelecer concertações, compartilhar identidades e compromissos mútuos. Finalmente, o texto apresenta algumas considerações sobre os dois casos de experimentalismo institucional e sua capacidade para alargar as relações entre Estado e sociedade civil e para aprofundar as mudanças pretendidas e os compromissos assumidos nessa trama relacional. Além disso, sugere como esses experimentalismos contribuíram para o estabelecimento de um “novo projeto” de agricultura familiar no país. / This thesis analyses a process of “institutional experimentalism” that was implement by Lula’s1 Government, in order to establish a new paradigm in the relationship between the State and Civil Society, both to broaden the scope and deepen the changes that occurred in this relationship. Two aspects characterize this “institutional experimentalism”: firstly, the government’s decision to review the elaboration and implementation mechanisms of public policies and, secondly, the government’s initiative to incorporate, and strengthen, the successful Civil Society initiatives, using them as references for new policies. Two cases of “institutional experimentalism” are discussed. In the first one, the “experimentalism” is established around the Federal Government’s food security policy and the initiatives based on the idea of “living with the semi-arid environment”2 developed by the Paraíba Semi-Arid Region Network. In the second case, the “experimentalism” concerns the implementation the governmental policy of territorial development. In the territories, social actors and government bodies interact in a learning process that tries to establish negotiation, and share identities and bilateral commitments. Finally, the thesis presents some concluding remarks on the two cases of “institutional experimentalism” and their capacity to reinforce the relationship between the State and Civil Society and to consolidate the intended changes and the commitments that were set up in this process. Moreover, it also comments on how this “experimentalism” has contributed towards the establishment of a “new project” for the country’s family farmers. / Le présent travail analyse un processus d' espérimentalisme institutionnel, institué par le Gouvernement Lula dans le but de créer un nouveau paradigme dans la relation entre l'Etat et la societé civile, que ce soit dans le sens d’élargir cette relation ou que ce soit dans le but d’approfondir les changements qui ont eu lieu dans le domaine relationnel. Deux aspects caractérisent cet expérimentalisme institutionnel : la décision du gouvernement de repenser les mécanismes d’élaboration et d’implantation de politiques publiques et, en même temps, l’initiative gouvernementale de chercher à s’approprier des expériences réussies dans le champ de la société civile, et à les renforcer pour qu’elles servent de référence pour de nouvelles politiques. Deux cas d’expérimentalisme institutionnel seront analysés. Dans le premier, l’expérimentalisme s’exerce à propos de la politique de sécurité alimentaire du gouvernement fédéral et sur la base des expériences bien réussies de « convivence » dans la région semi-aride, expériences menées par l’Articulation du Semi-Aride de la Paraíba. Dans le second cas, l’expérimentalisme s’institue à partir de l’implantation de la politique gouvernementale de développement territorial. Dans les territoires, acteurs sociaux et gouvernements dialoguent dans un processus d’apprentissage visant à établir des arrangements, partager des identités et des engagements mutuels. Finalment, le texte présente quelques considérations sur les deux cas d’expérimentalisme institutionnel et leur capacité d’élargir les relations entre Etat et société civile, et d’approfondir les changements recherchés et les engagements assumés dans cette trame relationnelle. En outre, il suggère que ces expérimentalismes ont contribué à établir um « nouveau projet » d’agriculture familiale dans le pays.