Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Goncalves de Amorim.pdf: 2336651 bytes, checksum: ecbf838e3f35b9e316a2c8e7f368ba8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to demonstrate the contradictions and ambiguities related to the creation of religious spaces that take place in the city context. This scientific effort is justified by the understanding of the roles that religious practices have on the establishment of citizenship, not only in terms of religion, but also taking the entire city as a reference. By treating religion from a space perspective, this research considered the historical process of constituting cities and religions, locating religious spaces within the city space. Demonstrating that religions have been contributing to a structural and historical confirmation of the city as a control and domination space over a mass of people, thus justifying the exercise of a political, economic and religious power. As part of an empirical demonstration, the historical process of urbanization in the municipality of São José dos Campos was considered, and within this city, one of its churches: the First Baptist Church in São José dos Campos (Primeira Igreja Batista em São José dos Campos PIBSJC). Assessing how this religious organization became a mega-church throughout its history in the city. Pointing-out the contradictions and ambiguities in this process, since it has been leading to the massification and alienation of its believers, as well as that of the city dwellers. These types of religious organizations have been emerging, in Brazil and worldwide, through the adoption of professional management models and of religious advertising and marketing strategies; in addition to a specific architectural and urban planning, aiming to locate centrally such religious organizations. Such phenomena would eventually form the core of a type of religion and religiosity that would correspond, in terms of faith, to the intense urbanization process that has been characterizing contemporary cities. The religious space is a 'piece' of the city and it is characterized by the same processes that have been transforming the city space into a commodity, fragmenting it and feeding socio-spatial segregation processes and public spaces crisis processes, which would be reaffirmed by the religious experience, being today, powerless in proposing alternatives to the control and domination that takes place through the city / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo demonstrar as contradições e ambiguidades relativas à formação do espaço religioso que se dá no contexto das cidades. Tal esforço científico se justifica em função da compreensão dos papéis que as práticas religiosas possuem relativamente ao estabelecimento da cidadania, não apenas no nível da religião, mas tendo como referência toda a cidade. Ao abordar a religião sob a ótica do espaço, esta pesquisa considerou o processo histórico de constituição das cidades e das religiões, localizando no interior do espaço da cidade seus espaços religiosos. Buscou-se demonstrar que as religiões têm contribuído para uma afirmação histórica e estrutural da cidade como espaço de controle e domínio sobre uma massa, fundamentando assim o exercício de um poder político, econômico e também religioso. Como parte de uma demonstração empírica, considerou-se o processo histórico de urbanização do município de São José dos Campos, e nesta cidade uma de suas igrejas, a Primeira Igreja Batista em São José dos Campos (PIBSJC). Avaliou-se, ao longo de sua história no município, como esta organização religiosa tornou-se uma megaigreja. Apontou-se para as contradições e ambiguidades presentes nesse processo, que tem conduzido à massificação e alienação dos fiéis dessa igreja e dos citadinos dessa cidade. Esses tipos de organizações religiosas têm se estruturado, no Brasil e no mundo, a partir da adoção de modelos de gestão profissional e de estratégias de propaganda e marketing religioso, além de uma planificação específica em termos arquitetônicos e urbanísticos visando a certa centralidade no tecido urbano. Tais fenômenos acabariam por se constituir em um tipo de religião e de religiosidade que corresponderiam, no plano da fé, aos intensos processos de urbanização que têm caracterizado as cidades contemporâneas. O espaço religioso é um pedaço da cidade e é caracterizado pelos mesmos processos que têm transformado o espaço citadino em mercadoria, fragmentando-o e alimentando a processos de segregação socioespaciais e de crise dos espaços públicos, que a experiência religiosa reafirmaria, sendo, na atualidade, impotente na proposição de alternativas ao controle e domínio que se dá através da cidade

Labraunda has a long and manifold history. The sanctuary starts out small in the Archaic period, is the most important in Karia during the Hekatomnid dynasty, reverts to a more normal position during the Hellenistic time, and is finally converted into a Christian sanctuary in the Late Roman period. This study aims to investigate the spatial pattern of what the visitor could have been perceived as religiously important at the sanctuary, in four different phases. Plans of the architecture and theory about ritual activity have formed the basis for analysing religious importance. What this study has shown is that a movement of religiously important space can be observed at Labraunda. Moving away from the origins at the Split Rock, for a long period being concentrated to the Temple Terrace, and consequently moving out to the two churches built outside the temenos.

The aim of this study is to analyse and interpret the distribution of white-ground lekythoi with a known context from the 5th century BCE. Exploring white-ground lekythoi in context is a complex matter, as many lekythoi lack archaeological documentation. The purpose of this study is to locate and map white-ground lekythoi with available archaeological documentation in order to lay the groundwork of their geographical distribution and interpret how they were used and could have been viewed from a socio-economic perspective in different regions. The study has shown that white-ground lekythoi were distributed throughout the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Levant, and have been found in various contexts such as funerary, domestic and religious space depending on the region. The chronological distribution indicates that white-ground lekythoi were popular in locations such as Eretria, Gela and Macedonia, before becoming adopted in Attic funerary activities during the second half of the century. This suggests a more multifunctional use of the vessel than only being a funerary libation vessel which is the traditional scholarly approach to the vessel’s function. Lastly, this thesis addresses the value of white-ground lekythoi. The hypothesis is put forward that the vessels increased in value when being found in limited numbers and with what could be considered luxurious artefacts made for both a local and foreign market. / Målet med denna studie är att analysera och tolka fördelningen av vit-grundiga lekyter med en känd kontext från 500-talet f.v.t. Undersökningar av vit-grundiga lekyter med en känd kontext är en komplex fråga då många av kärlen saknar arkeologisk dokumentation. Syftet med studien är att lokalisera och kartlägga vit-grundiga lekyter med tillgänglig arkeologisk dokumentation för att lägga grunden för deras geografiska utspridning och tolka hur de användes och kunde ha blivit sedda från ett socio-ekonomiskt perspektiv i olika regioner. Studien har visat att vit-grundiga lekyter distribuerades över Medelhavet, Svarta havet och Levanten och har hittats i olika kontexter som gravar, bosättningar, och helgedomar beroende på region. Den kronologiska fördelningen indikerar att vit-grundiga lekyter var populära i områden som Eretria, Gela och Makedonien, innan de antogs i Attiska begravningsaktiviteter under andra hälften av seklet. Detta tyder på en mer multifunktionell användning av kärlen än enbart ämnat för begravningsaktiviteter som är den traditionella vetenskapliga tolkningen av kärlets funktion. Hypotesen framförs att vit-grundiga lekyter ökade i värde när de hittades i begränsat antal och tillsammans med vad man som kan betraktas som lyxiga artefakter gjorda för både en lokal och utländsk marknad.

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