Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T19:56:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaLauraOliveiraDeSaLeitao_DISSERT.pdf: 2567835 bytes, checksum: 8d09f5d4c4935ef58bb6215cd5a73b5f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-06T00:09:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaLauraOliveiraDeSaLeitao_DISSERT.pdf: 2567835 bytes, checksum: 8d09f5d4c4935ef58bb6215cd5a73b5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T00:09:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaLauraOliveiraDeSaLeitao_DISSERT.pdf: 2567835 bytes, checksum: 8d09f5d4c4935ef58bb6215cd5a73b5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 / Com o desenvolvimento da ind?stria biotecnol?gica, ? crescente o interesse por ant?genos recombinantes purificados para obten??o de vacinas. Por?m, para essa aplica??o esses ant?genos precisam apresentar um elevado grau de pureza, e por isso ? de grande relev?ncia o desenvolvimento de t?cnicas que permitam a redu??o do n?mero de opera??es unit?rias necess?rias ao processo de purifica??o, permitindo ainda uma elevada recupera??o e proporcionando uma maior economia na obten??o dos bioprodutos. A Adsor??o em Leito Expandido (ALE) vem se destacando como uma alternativa prop?cia para o downstream processing, pois ? uma t?cnica cromatogr?fica de modo simples e de baixo custo, que integra as etapas de clarifica??o, concentra??o, purifica??o em uma ?nica opera??o. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os m?todos de rompimento celular e os diferentes metais imobilizados em resina Streamline chelating para purifica??o do ant?geno 503 de Leishmania i. chagasi por ALE bem como remover os lipopolissacar?deos (LPS) liberados durante a etapa de rompimento celular. Primeiramente, foi avaliado qual o melhor m?todo de rompimento celular para obten??o da prote?na intracelular. As estrat?gias estudadas utilizando lisozima, p?rolas de vidro, ureia e EDTA foram avaliadas atrav?s de quatro planejamentos experimentais. Em seguida, foram realizados testes de adsor??o em batelada, utilizando-se cinco ?ons met?licos (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+ e Fe3+) nas concentra??es de 0,1, 0,5 e 0,8 mol/L acoplados na resina Streamline chelating, escolhendo-se o metal que apresentou melhor adsor??o do ant?geno para os ensaios usando ALE. Posteriormente, foi estimada a quantidade m?nima de tensoativo Triton X-114 necess?ria na etapa de lavagem da ALE para remo??o do LPS, a fim de obter-se o ant?geno 503 livre desse contaminante. E por fim, foram realizados ensaios de ALE visando recuperar e purificar a prote?na de interesse. Para os ensaios usando ALE utilizou-se uma coluna de 2,6 cm de di?metro por 30 cm de altura, acoplada a uma bomba perist?ltica. Com os planejamentos experimentais realizados para avalia??o do rompimento celular, observou-se que maiores quantidades de prote?nas totais e do ant?geno 503 liberadas foram obtidas para o m?todo da ureia e que o ?nico fator significativo para esse planejamento foi a concentra??o, correspondente a 8,0 M. Como resultado para a triagem do ?on met?lico, o cobre (Cu2+) foi o metal que apresentou maior capacidade de adsor??o do ant?geno 503, apresentando valores de capacidade de adsor??o de 0,102, 0,128 e 0,111 mg/mL de adsorvente para as concentra??es de 0,1, 0,5 e 0,8 mol/L, respectivamente. Tem-se ainda que para as tr?s condi??es analisadas (0,01, 0,05 e 0,1 % de Triton X-114) na etapa de lavagem da ALE o percentual de remo??o de LPS foi elevado e que a concentra??o m?nima utilizada (0,01 %) j? foi suficiente para a remo??o de 99,70 % deste contaminante. Para o teste de ALE utilizando elui??o isocr?tica (0,6 M de imidazol) os resultados obtidos mostraram baixa recupera??o (3,0 %) do ant?geno 503. Avaliou-se ent?o a elui??o em degrau, inicialmente em dois passos, aplicando-se 0,6 mol/L e, em seguida, 1,0 mol/L de imidazol. Por?m, esta estrat?gia ainda n?o foi eficiente para recuperar a prote?na de interesse. Um novo ensaio foi realizado, com um total de tr?s passos de elui??o, utilizando 0,3 e 0,6 mol/L. Esse ?ltimo teste mostrou uma recupera??o de 15,0 % da prote?na de interesse e um fator de purifica??o de, aproximadamente, 3,0. Portanto, a t?cnica cromatogr?fica de afinidade por ?ons met?licos imobilizados (IMAC) mostrou ser uma alternativa eficiente na recupera??o e purifica??o do ant?geno 503 a partir do homogeneizado de E. coli n?o clarificado. / Due to the development of biotechnology industry, there is a growing interest in purified recombinant antigens to obtain vaccines. However, for this application these antigens require a high degree of purity, thus, it is of great relevance the development of techniques that allow the reduction in the number of unitary operations required for the purification process, this would also allow a high recovery and a greater saving in obtaining bioproducts. The Expanded Bed Adsorption (EBA) has shown as a suitable alternative for downstream processing, once it is a simple and low cost chromatographic technique that integrates clarification, concentration and purification in a single operation. This study aims at evaluating the methods of cell disruption and the different metals immobilized in Streamline Chelating resin for purification of Leishmania i. chagasi 503 antigen by EBA as well as removing the lipopolysaccharides (endotoxin) released during the stage of cell disruption. Firstly, the best method of cell disruption to obtain intracellular protein was evaluated. The strategies studied using lysozyme, glass beads, urea and EDTA were evaluated through four experimental designs. Then, batch adsorption tests were carried out using five metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Fe3+) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 0.8 M coupled in the Streamline chelating resin, selecting the metal that showed the best adsorption of the antigen for the assays using EBA. Then, the minimum amount of Triton X-114 tensioactive required in the EBA wash stage for LPS removal was estimated in order to obtain the 503 antigen free of this contaminant. Finally, EBA assays were performed in order to recover and purify the protein of interest. EBA experiments were carried out using a column of 2.6 cm in diameter (30 cm height), coupled to a peristaltic pump. The experimental plannings carried out to evaluate cell disruption, showed that higher amounts of total proteins and 503 antigen released were obtained for the urea method and that the only significant factor for this planning was the concentration corresponding to 8.0 M. As a result of the metal ion screening, copper (Cu2+) was the metal with the highest adsorption capacity of 503 antigen, presenting adsorption capacity values of 0.102, 0.128 and 0.111 mg / mL of adsorbent at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 0.8 M, respectively. For the three analyzed conditions (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1% Triton X-114) in the EBA washing stage, the percentage of LPS removal was high and the minimum concentration used (0.01%) was enough to remove 99.70% of this contaminant. For the EBA test using isocratic elution (0.6 M imidazole) the results obtained showed a low recovery (3.0 %) of the 503 antigen. The step elution was then evaluated, initially in two steps, applying 0.6 M and then 1.0 M imidazole. However, this strategy has not yet been effective in recovering the protein of interest. A new assay was performed, with a total of three elution steps, using 0.3 and 0.6 M. This test showed that a recovery of 15.0% of the protein of interest and a purification factor of 3.0. Therefore, the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) technique has been shown to be an efficient alternative in the recovery and purification of the 503 antigen from the homogenized E. coli unclarified.

Submitted by PPG Engenharia El?trica (engenharia.pg.eletrica@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-08T12:48:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme_Silva_Dissertacao.pdf: 5806780 bytes, checksum: dd97b70975650b889aaa277b7e6f2b19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-17T12:39:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme_Silva_Dissertacao.pdf: 5806780 bytes, checksum: dd97b70975650b889aaa277b7e6f2b19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T12:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme_Silva_Dissertacao.pdf: 5806780 bytes, checksum: dd97b70975650b889aaa277b7e6f2b19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilianeCMNS_DISSERT.pdf: 1750841 bytes, checksum: cedbb003a4fc658825db6f8e66611748 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-25 / In this research the removal of light and heavy oil from disintegrated limestone was investigated with use of microemulsions. These chemical systems were composed by surfactant, cosurfactant, oil phase and aqueous phase. In the studied systems, three points in the water -rich microemulsion region of the phase diagrams were used in oil removal experiments. These microemulsion systems were characterized to evaluate the influence of particle size, surface tension, density and viscosity in micellar stability and to understand how the physical properties can influence the oil recovery process. The limestone rock sample was characterized by thermogravimetry, BET area, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence. After preparation, the rock was placed in contact with light and heavy oil solutions to allow oil adsorption. The removal tests were performed to evaluate the influence of contact time (1 minute, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes), the concentration of active matter (20, 30 and 40 %), different cosurfactants and different oil phases. For the heavy oil, the best result was on SME 1, with 20 % of active matter, 1 minute of contact time, with efficiency of 93,33 %. For the light oil, also the SME 1, with 20 % of active matter, 120 minutes of contact time, with 62,38 % of efficiency. From the obtained results, it was possible to conclude that microemulsions can be considered as efficient chemical systems for oil removal from limestone formations / O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a remo??o de fra??es de ?leo leve e pesado em rocha calc?ria desintegrada atrav?s de sistemas microemulsionados, comparando as efici?ncias de remo??o em diferentes concentra??es de mat?ria ativa (C/T) e tempo de contato. Os sistemas microemulsionados (SME) s?o constitu?dos por tensoativo, cotensoativo, fase oleosa e fase aquosa. Nos sistemas estudados, tr?s pontos ricos em ?gua da regi?o de microemuls?o foram utilizados para verificar a efici?ncia de remo??o. Os sistemas foram caracterizados para avaliar a influ?ncia do tamanho do agregado, tens?o superficial e viscosidade na estabilidade micelar e compreender como as propriedades f?sicas podem influenciar o processo de remo??o de ?leo. A amostra de rocha calc?ria foi caracterizada por Termogravimetria, ?rea BET, Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura, Difra??o de Raios-X e Fluoresc?ncia de Raios-X. A rocha preparada foi colocada em contato com solu??o de ?leo leve e pesado em xileno para permitir a adsor??o de ?leo. Os testes de remo??o foram realizados a fim de avaliar a influ?ncia do tempo de contato (1, 30, 60 e 120 minutos), da concentra??o de mat?ria ativa (20, 30 e 40%), do cotensoativo e da fase oleosa. Para o ?leo pesado, o melhor resultado foi para o SME 1, com 20 % de mat?ria ativa, no tempo de 1 minuto, com 93,33 % de efici?ncia. Para o ?leo leve, o SME 1 no percentual de 20 %, com 120 minutos apresentou o melhor rendimento, com 62,38 %. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que os sistemas microemulsionados apresentam-se como uma alternativa eficaz para remo??o de ?leo em forma??es calc?rias

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MirnaFF_TESE.pdf: 7322446 bytes, checksum: 0ef1d9562cc97f24609fa13f5580a92e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Statistics of environmental protection agencies show that the soil has been contaminated with problems often resulting from leaks, spills and accidents during exploration, refining, transportation and storage oil operations and its derivatives. These, gasoline noteworthy, verified by releasing, to get in touch with the groundwater, the compounds BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), substances which are central nervous system depressants and causing leukemia. Among the processes used in remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants, we highlight those that use hydrogen peroxide because they are characterized by the rapid generation of chemical species of high oxidation power, especially the hydroxyl radical ( OH), superoxide (O2 -) and peridroxil (HO2 ), among other reactive species that are capable of transforming or decomposing organic chemicals. The pH has a strong effect on the chemistry of hydrogen peroxide because the formation of different radicals directly depends on the pH of the medium. In this work, the materials MCM-41 and Co-MCM-41 were synthesized and used in the reaction of BTEX removal in aqueous media using H2O2. These materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and the techniques used to characterize were: XRD, TG/DTG, adsorption/desorption N2, TEM and X-Ray Fluorescence. The catalytic tests were for 5 h of reaction were carried out in reactors of 20 mL, which was accompanied by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by molecular absorption spectrophotometry in the UV-Vis, in addition to removal of organic compounds BTEX was performed as gas chromatography with detection photoionization and flame ionization and by static headspace sampler. The characterizations proved that the materials were successfully synthesized. The catalytic tests showed satisfactory results, and the reactions containing BTEX + Co-MCM-41 + H2O2 at pH = 12.0 had the highest percentages of removal for the compounds studied / Dados estat?sticos das ag?ncias de prote??o ambiental demonstram que o solo tem sido contaminado frequentemente com problemas decorrentes de vazamentos, derrames e acidentes durante a explora??o, refino, transporte e opera??es de armazenamento do petr?leo e seus derivados. Destes, a gasolina merece destaque, verificado pela libera??o, ao entrar em contanto com a ?gua subterr?nea, dos compostos BTEX (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos), que s?o subst?ncias depressoras do sistema nervoso central e causadoras de leucemia. Dentre os processos utilizados em remedia??o de solos e ?guas contaminadas por poluentes org?nicos, destacam-se os que utilizam o per?xido de hidrog?nio por serem caracterizados pela r?pida gera??o de esp?cies qu?micas de alto poder de oxida??o, principalmente o radical hidroxil ( OH), super?xido (O2 -) e peridroxil (HO2 ), dentre outras esp?cies reativas que s?o capazes de transformar ou decompor produtos qu?micos org?nicos. O pH tem um forte efeito na qu?mica do per?xido de hidrog?nio, pois a forma??o dos diferentes radicais depende diretamente do pH do meio. Neste trabalho, os materiais MCM-41 e Co-MCM-41 foram sintetizados e utilizados na rea??o de remo??o dos BTEX em meio aquoso utilizando H2O2. Estes materiais foram sintetizados atrav?s do m?todo hidrot?rmico e as t?cnicas utilizadas na caracteriza??o foram: DRX, TG/DTG, adsor??o/dessor??o de N2, MET e Fluoresc?ncia de Raios-X. Os testes catal?ticos ocorreram durante 5 horas de rea??o e foram realizados em reatores de 20 mL, onde foi acompanhada a decomposi??o do per?xido de hidrog?nio por espectrofotometria de absor??o molecular na regi?o do UV-Vis, al?m da remo??o dos compostos org?nicos BTEX que foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detec??o por fotoioniza??o e ioniza??o de chama e amostrador por headspace est?tico. As caracteriza??es comprovaram que os materiais foram sintetizados com sucesso. Os testes catal?ticos apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios, sendo que as rea??es contendo BTEX + Co- MCM-41 + H2O2 em pH = 12,0 apresentaram os maiores percentuais de remo??o para os compostos estudados

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-08-07T22:54:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - ELIZANGELA ALVES.pdf: 1536264 bytes, checksum: c1cce1e417caa5218324ca2361b41735 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-07T22:54:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - ELIZANGELA ALVES.pdf: 1536264 bytes, checksum: c1cce1e417caa5218324ca2361b41735 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The absence of treatment and improper disposal of effluents contribute to the deterioration of receiving water bodies. However, among the proposed alternatives for post-treatment of wastewater ponds are to lemnas. These lagoons are capable of capturing the nutrients sewage efficiently and reduce a large amount of suspended solids Also act by inhibiting algae, and generate biomass rich in protein, which has utilities such as animal feed and fertilizer. This research aimed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of the treatment of domestic sewage pond lemnas in two phases, with different hydraulic retention time (HRT). This pond, in phase I, operated with influent volume of 75 liters/day and HDT of 5, 10 and 15 days, while phase II, the volume was increased to 140 liters/day TDH was decreased to 2.7, 5.4 and 8.0 days. The structure of the pond lemna had a volume of 1,125 m3 and surface area of 2.25 m2 (total depth of 0.6 m, 0.5 m water depth, length of 1.5 m and width 1.5 m). Therefore, during the two phases of this research the following parameters were monitored: the wastewater - temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus (P), coliforms thermotolerant in macrophyte - nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), biomass and crude protein (%). The treatment system performance as presented in polishing domestic wastewater, following the removal efficiency of organic and nutrient load: 80% (phase I) and 66% (phase II) for BOD5, 83% (phase I) and 34% (phase II) for P. The lemnas converts these nutrients into biomass rich in proteins with an average grade of CP% from 27.93%. The production of protein in lemnas throughout the experiment was: 355 g (LMN1), 367 g (LMN2) and 370 g (LMN3). Notably, the ability of the system to treat these waters was higher in phase I, which has the greatest TDH. The presence of algae genus Uronema was found, as well as the competition with these lemna study, but after the modifications aimed at mitigating the temperatures this competition was controlled. With this study, it was possible to evaluate the post-treatment of domestic wastewater, the limiting factors for this system and the biomass of Lemna valdiviana Phil., under the climatic conditions of Feira de Santana, Ba. Finally, we conclude that there is potential for nutrient recovery of these waters, as well as reuse of biomass produced as a possible source of animal feed and income. / A aus?ncia de tratamento e a disposi??o inadequada de efluentes dom?sticos contribuem para a deteriora??o de corpos receptores. Por?m, dentre as alternativas propostas para o p?s-tratamento de ?guas residu?rias est?o as lagoas de lemnas. Essas lagoas s?o capazes de captar nutrientes do esgoto com efici?ncia, bem como, reduzir uma grande quantidade de s?lidos em suspens?o. Tamb?m atuam na inibi??o de algas, e geram biomassa rica em prote?nas que tem utilidades como ra??o animal e adubo. Esta pesquisa teve por finalidade avaliar e comparar a efici?ncia do tratamento de efluentes dom?sticos da lagoa de lemnas, em duas fases distintas, e com diferentes tempos de deten??o hidr?ulica (TDH). Essa lagoa, na Fase I, operou com volume de afluente de 75 litros/dia e TDH de 5, 10 e 15 dias, enquanto que na Fase II, o volume foi aumentado para 140 L/d e TDH foi diminu?do para 2,7, 5,4 e 8,0 dias. A estrutura da lagoa de lemna apresentou um volume de 1125 m3 e ?rea superficial de 2,25 m2 (profundidade total de 0,6m, profundidade da ?gua 0,5 m, comprimento de 1,5 m e largura 1,5 m). Para tanto, durante as duas fases dessa pesquisa foram monitorados os seguintes par?metros: na ?gua residu?ria - temperatura, pH, demanda bioqu?mica de oxig?nio (DBO5), oxig?nio dissolvido (OD), s?lidos suspensos totais (SST), f?sforo (P), coliformes termotolerantes; na macr?fita ? nitrog?nio (N), f?sforo (P), produ??o de biomassa e prote?na bruta (%). O sistema de tratamento apresentou como desempenho no polimento de ?guas residu?rias dom?sticas, a seguinte efici?ncia de remo??o de carga org?nica e nutriente: 80% (Fase I) e 66% (Fase II) para DBO5; 83% (Fase I) e 34% (Fase II) para P. As lemnas converteram esses nutrientes em biomassa rica em prote?nas com teor m?dio de PB%, de 27,93%. A produ??o de prote?na em lemnas durante todo o experimento foi de: 355g (LMN1), 367g (LMN2) e 370g (LMN3). Notadamente, a capacidade do sistema em tratar essas ?guas foi maior na Fase I, com maior TDH. A presen?a de algas do g?nero Uronema foi constatada, bem como a competi??o dessas com a lemna em estudo, mas ap?s as modifica??es que visaram amenizar as temperaturas essa competi??o foi controlada. Com a realiza??o deste estudo, foi poss?vel avaliar o p?s-tratamento de ?guas residu?rias dom?sticas, os fatores limitantes para esse sistema e a produ??o de biomassa de Lemna valdiviana Phil., sob as condi??es clim?ticas de Feira de Santana, Ba. Enfim ? poss?vel concluir que, h? potencial de recupera??o de nutrientes dessas ?guas, assim como de reaproveitamento da biomassa produzida, como poss?vel fonte de alimenta??o animal e de renda.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-22T19:38:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoCanindeDeSousaJunior_TESE.pdf: 1665223 bytes, checksum: a3c9c1fa573d5e42243d0808e537d798 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-28T19:44:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoCanindeDeSousaJunior_TESE.pdf: 1665223 bytes, checksum: a3c9c1fa573d5e42243d0808e537d798 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T19:44:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoCanindeDeSousaJunior_TESE.pdf: 1665223 bytes, checksum: a3c9c1fa573d5e42243d0808e537d798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / O crescente interesse e aplica??es dos produtos biotecnol?gicos v?m aumentando o desenvolvimento de novos processos de recupera??o e purifica??o de prote?nas. A adsor??o em leito expandido (ALE) tem se destacado como uma t?cnica promissora para essa finalidade, pois combina em uma ?nica opera??o as etapas de clarifica??o, concentra??o e purifica??o da prote?na alvo, reduzindo assim tempo e custos de opera??o. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta tese foi avaliar a recupera??o e purifica??o do ant?geno 503 de Leishmania i. chagasi expresso em E. coli M15 e a remo??o de endotoxina por ALE. Na primeira etapa do trabalho foram realizados ensaios em taques agitados sob a forma de dois planejamentos experimentais, para definir as condi??es ?timas de adsor??o e elui??o do ant?geno na resina Streamline chelating. Nos ensaios de adsor??o usando o leito na forma expandida empregou-se uma coluna de 2,6 cm de di?metro por 30,0 cm de altura, acoplada a uma bomba perist?ltica. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, avaliou-se a remo??o de endotoxina durante o processo de recupera??o do ant?geno, empregando o tensoativo n?oi?nico triton X-114 na etapa de lavagem da ALE. Na terceira etapa, buscou-se elaborar um modelo matem?tico capaz de prever as curvas de ruptura do ant?geno 503 em coluna na forma expandida. Os resultados do planejamento experimental para adsor??o do ant?geno 503 mostraram o pH 8,0 e a concentra??o de NaCl de 2,4 M como melhores condi??es de adsor??o. No segundo planejamento, o ?nico fator significativo para elui??o foi a concentra??o de imidazol, definida em 600 mM. A isoterma de adsor??o do ant?geno 503 mostrou bom ajuste ao modelo de Langmuir (R=0,98) e os valores de qmax (capacidade m?xima de adsor??o) e Kd (constante de equil?brio) estimados foram de 1,95 mg/g e 0,34 mg/mL, respectivamente. Atrav?s dos testes de purifica??o diretamente do homogeneizado n?o clarificado obteve-se uma recupera??o de 59,2% da prote?na de interesse e um fator de purifica??o de 6,0. A adi??o do tensoativo n?o-i?nico Triton X-114 ? etapa de lavagem da ALE proporcionou altos valores (>99%) de remo??o do LPS inicialmente presente nas amostras para todas as condi??es estudadas. O modelo matem?tico obtido para descrever a curva de ruptura do ant?geno 503 na resina Streamline Chelanting em leito expandido apresentou bom ajuste aos dados experimentais, tanto para etapa de estimativa de par?metros quanto para de valida??o. O modelo validado foi utilizado na otimiza??o das efici?ncias, obtendo-se os valores m?ximos de efici?ncia do processo e efici?ncia da coluna de 89,2% e 75,9%, respectivamente. Portanto, ALE mostrou ser uma alternativa eficiente na recupera??o da prote?na-alvo e remo??o de endotoxina a partir de um extrato de E. coli n?o clarificado em apenas uma etapa. / The growing interest and applications of biotechnology products have increased the development of new processes for recovery and purification of proteins. The expanded bed adsorption (EBA) has emerged as a promising technique for this purpose. It combines into one operation the steps of clarification, concentration and purification of the target molecule. Hence, the method reduces the time and the cost of operation. In this context, this thesis aim was to evaluate the recovery and purification of 503 antigen of Leishmania i. chagasi expressed in E. coli M15 and endotoxin removal by EBA. In the first step of this study, batch experiments were carried out using two experimental designs to define the optimal adsorption and elution conditions of 503 antigen onto Streamline chelating resin. For adsorption assays, using expanded bed, it was used a column of 2.6 cm in diameter by 30.0 cm in height coupled to a peristaltic pump. In the second step of study, the removal of endotoxin during antigen recovery process was evaluated employing the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 in the washing step ALE. In the third step, we sought developing a mathematical model able to predict the 503 antigen breakthrough curves in expanded mode. The experimental design results to adsorption showed the pH 8.0 and the NaCl concentration of 2.4 M as the optimum adsorption condition. In the second design, the only significant factor for elution was the concentration of imidazole, which was taken at 600 mM. The adsorption isotherm of the 503 antigen showed a good fit to the Langmuir model (R = 0.98) and values for qmax (maximum adsorption capacity) and Kd (equilibrium constant) estimated were 1.95 mg/g and 0.34 mg/mL, respectively. Purification tests directly from unclarified feedstock showed a recovery of 59.2% of the target protein and a purification factor of 6.0. The addition of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 to the washing step of EBA led to high levels (> 99%) of LPS removal initially present in the samples for all conditions tested. The mathematical model obtained to describe the 503 antigen breakthrough curves in Streamline Chelanting resin in expanded mode showed a good fit for both parameter estimation and validation steps. The validated model was used to optimize the efficiencies, achieving maximum values of the process and of the column efficiencies of 89.2% and 75.9%, respectively. Therefore, EBA is an efficient alternative for the recovery of the target protein and removal of endotoxin from an E. coli unclarified feedstock in just one step.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoCB_DISSERT.pdf: 4196751 bytes, checksum: 815046ef78a951368bb3e92819e92b89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-04 / The pegmatite rocks in Rio Grande do Norte are responsible for much of the production of industrial minerals like quartz and feldspar. Quartz and feldspar are minerals from pegmatite which may occur in pockets with metric to centimetric dimensions or as millimetric to sub millimetric intergrowths. The correct physical liberation of the mineral of interest, in case of intergrowths, requires an appropriate particle size, acquired by size reduction operations. The method for treating mineral which has a high efficiency fines particles recovery is flotation. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the recovery of quartz and potassium feldspar using cationic diamine and quaternary ammonium salt as collectors by means of dissolved air flotation DAF. The tests were performed based on a central composite design 24, by which the influence of process variables was statistically verified: concentration of the quaternary ammonium salt and diamine collectors, pH and conditioning time. The efficiency of flotation was calculated from the removal of turbidity of the solution. Results of maximum flotation efficiency (60%) were found in the level curves, plotted in conditions of low concentrations of collectors (1,0 x 10-5 mol.L-1). These high flotation efficiencies were obtained when operating at pH 4 to 8 with conditioning time ranging from 3 to 5 minutes. Thus, the results showed that the process variables have played important roles in the dissolved air flotation process concerning the flotability of the minerals. / No Rio Grande do Norte os pegmatitos respondem por grande parte da produ??o dos minerais industriais quartzo e feldspato. O quartzo e feldspato dos pegmatitos podem ocorrer em bols?es com dimens?es centim?tricas a m?tricas ou na forma de intercrescimentos milim?tricos a submilim?tricos. No caso dos intercrescimentos, a libera??o f?sica correta do mineral de interesse envolve a adequa??o granulom?trica atrav?s de opera??es de redu??o de tamanho. O m?todo no tratamento mineral que apresenta alta efici?ncia na recupera??o de finos ? a flota??o. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar a recupera??o de quartzo e feldspato pot?ssico utilizando os coletores cati?nicos diamina e sal quatern?rio de am?nio no processo de flota??o por ar dissolvido FAD. Os testes foram realizados baseados em um planejamento central composto 24, atrav?s do qual verificou-se estatisticamente a influ?ncia das vari?veis de processo: concentra??o dos coletores sal quatern?rio de am?nio e diamina, pH e tempo de condicionamento. A efici?ncia de flota??o foi calculada a partir do grau de remo??o de turbidez da solu??o. Resultados de m?xima efici?ncia de flota??o (60%) foram encontrados nas curvas de n?vel, plotadas nas condi??es de baixas concentra??es dos coletores (1,0x10-5 mol.L-1). Estas altas efici?ncias de flota??o foram obtidas operando-se na faixa de pH 4 8 com tempo de condicionamento variando de 3 a 5 minutos. Sendo assim, os resultados obtidos mostraram que as vari?veis de processo desempenharam pap?is importantes no processo de flota??o por ar dissolvido em rela??o ? flotabilidade dos minerais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoPFM_DISSERT.pdf: 809568 bytes, checksum: 0179539902298813dbee39bd2859650c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-20 / The generation of effluent from the finishing process in textile industry is a serious environmental problem and turned into an object of study in several scientific papers. Contamination with dyes and the presences of substances that are toxic to the environment characterize this difficult treatment effluent. Several processes have already been evaluated to remove and even degrade such pollutants are examples: coagulation-flocculation, biological treatment and advanced oxidative processes, but not yet sufficient to enable the recovery of dye or at least of the recovery agent. An alternative to this problem is the cloud point extraction that involves the application of nonionic surfactants at temperatures above the cloud point, making the water a weak solvent to the surfactant, providing the agglomeration of those molecules around the dyes molecules by affinity with the organic phase. After that, the formation of two phases occurred: the diluted one, poor in dye and surfactant, and the other one, coacervate, with higher concentrations of dye and surfactants than the other one. The later use of the coacervate as a dye and surfactant recycle shows the technical and economic viability of this process. In this paper, the cloud point extraction is used to remove the dye Reactive Blue from the water, using nonionic surfactant nonyl phenol with 9,5 etoxilations. The aim is to solubilize the dye molecules in surfactant, varying the concentration and temperature to study its effects. Evaluating the dye concentration in dilute phase after extraction, it is possible to analyze thermodynamic variables, build Langmuir isotherms, determine the behavior of the coacervate volume for a surfactant concentration and temperature, the distribution coefficient and the dye removal efficiency. The concentration of surfactant proved itself to be crucial to the success of the treatment. The results of removal efficiency reached values of 91,38%, 90,69%, 89,58%, 87,22% and 84,18% to temperatures of 65,0, 67,5, 70,0, 72,5 and 75,0?C, respectively, showing that the cloud point extraction is an efficient alternative for the treatment of wastewater containing Reactive Blue / A gera??o de efluente proveniente do processo de acabamento na industria t?xtil ? um grave problema ambiental e se transformou em objeto de estudo em diversos trabalhos cient?ficos. A contamina??o por corantes e a presen?a de subst?ncias que s?o t?xicas ao meio ambiente caracterizam este efluente de dif?cil tratamento. V?rios processos j? foram avaliados para remover e at? degradar tais poluentes s?o exemplos: a coagula??o-flocula??o, tratamento biol?gico e processos oxidativos avan?ados, mas ainda n?o foram suficientes para possibilitar a recupera??o do corante ou pelo menos do agente separador. Uma alternativa para este problema ? a extra??o por ponto nuvem que envolve a aplica??o de tensoativos n?o i?nicos a temperaturas acima do ponto de nuvem, tornando a ?gua um solvente fraco para o tensoativo, proporcionando a aglomera??o destas mol?culas ao redor do corante por afinidade a fase org?nica. Depois disso ocorre a forma??o de duas fases: uma chamada de dilu?da pobre em corante e tensoativo e a coacervato com concentra??o de corante e tensoativo bem maior que a outra fase. A utiliza??o posterior do coacervato como reciclo de corante e tensoativo mostra a viabilidade t?cnica e econ?mica do processo. Neste trabalho a extra??o por ponto nuvem ? utilizada para remover o corante Reactive Blue da ?gua utilizando tensoativo n?o-i?nico nonil fenol com 9,5 etoxila??es. O objetivo ? solubilizar as mol?culas de corante no tensoativo, variando-se a concentra??o deste e a temperatura para estudar seus efeitos. Avaliando a concentra??o de corante na fase dilu?da ap?s a extra??o ? poss?vel analisar vari?veis termodin?micas, construir isotermas de Langmuir, determinar o comportamento do volume de coacervato para uma concentra??o de tensoativo e temperatura, o coeficiente de distribui??o e a efici?ncia de remo??o de corante. A concentra??o de tensoativo mostrou-se fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento. Os resultados de efici?ncia de remo??o alcan?aram valores de 91,38%, 90,69%, 89,58%, 87,22% e 84,18% para temperaturas de 65,0, 67,5, 70,0, 72,5 e 75,0?C, respectivamente, mostrando que a extra??o por ponto nuvem ? uma alternativa eficiente para o tratamento de efluentes contendo Reactive Blue

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlfredoJFS_DISSERT.pdf: 1130528 bytes, checksum: d7a64b847a80a2de8b89250f09f06bd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-05 / Copper is one of the most used metals in platingprocesses of galvanic industries. The presence of copper, a heavy metal, in galvanic effluents is harmful to the environment.The main objective of this researchwas the removal ofcopperfromgalvanic effluents, using for this purpose anionic surfactants. The removal process is based on the interaction between the polar head group of the anionic surfactant and the divalent copper in solution. The surfactants used in this study were derived from soybean oil (OSS), coconut oil (OCS), and sunflower oil (OGS). It was used a copper synthetic solution (280 ppm Cu+2) simulating the rinse water from a copper acid bath of a galvanic industry. It were developed 23and 32 factorial designs to evaluate the parameters that have influence in theremoval process. For each surfactant (OSS, OCS, and OGS), the independent variables evaluated were: surfactant concentration (1.25 to 3.75 g/L), pH (5 to 9) and the presence of an anionic polymer (0 to 0.0125 g/L).From the results obtained in the 23 factorial design and in the calculus for estimatingthe stoichiometric relationship between surfactants and copper in solution, it were developed new experimental tests, varying surfactant concentration in the range of 1.25 to 6.8 g/L (32 factorial design).The results obtained in the experimental designs were subjected to statistical evaluations to obtain Pareto charts and mathematical modelsfor Copper removal efficiency (%). The statistical evaluation of the 23 and 32factorial designs, using saponifiedcoconut oil (OCS), presented the mathematical model that best described the copper removal process.It can be concluded that OCS was the most efficient anionic surfactant, removing 100% of the copper present in the synthetic galvanic solution / O cobre ? um dos metais mais utilizados nos processos decorativos das ind?strias galv?nicas. A presen?a do cobre nos efluentes galv?nicos, por ser um metal pesado, compromete a vida das pessoas e dos animais. O principal objetivo deste trabalho ? remover o cobre destes efluentes, utilizando para este prop?sito tensoativos ani?nicos. O processo de remo??o consiste em utilizar a partepolar do tensoativo ani?nico para interagir com o cobre bivalente em solu??o. Os tensoativos utilizados neste estudo foram derivados dos ?leos de soja, coco e girassol. Utilizou-se a ?gua de lavagem do processo de cobre ?cido de uma ind?stria galv?nica como base para a obten??o do efluente sint?tico (280 ppm Cu+2). Para avaliar os par?metros que influenciam no processo foram desenvolvidos planejamentos experimentais fatoriais 23 e 32.Para cada tensoativo derivado dos ?leos vegetais avaliados (OSS, OCS e OGS) as vari?veis independentes utilizadas no planejamento foram: a concentra??o de tensoativo (1,25 a 3,75 g/L), pH (5 a 9) e presen?a de um pol?mero ani?nico (0 a 0,0125 g/L).A partir dos resultados colhidos neste primeiro planejamento experimental e dos c?lculos obtidos atrav?s da rela??o estequiom?trica entre os tensoativos e o cobre em solu??o foram realizados novos ensaios experimentais, variando a concentra??o do tensoativo na faixa de 1,25 a 6,8 g/L. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s do planejamento experimental foram submetidos a avalia??o estat?stica para obten??o de gr?ficos de pareto e do modelo matem?tico que descreve a efici?ncia do processo na remo??o do cobre. A avalia??o estat?stica dos planejamentos experimentais fatoriais 23 e 32,onde se utilizou ?leo de coco saponificado, apresentou o modelo matem?tico que melhor descreveu o processo de remo??o do cobre. Conclui-se que, atrav?s da utiliza??o de metodologias de planejamento experimental e da varia??o da concentra??o dos 3tensoativos(1,25 a 6,8g/L), o OCS foi o tensoativo mais eficiente, chegando a remover 100% do cobre presente na solu??o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroHSO_DISSERT.pdf: 2680953 bytes, checksum: 2a5742ac4e3d4679d06b09232988727f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In wastewater treatment, activated sludge systems have been a technology widely applied as secondary treatment. During this step, which has a strong biological aspect, it is necessary to introduce oxygen supply for the maintenance of metabolic activity of the bacteria through the aerators. Aeration devices are responsible for most of the energy consumption in this stage. In this background, the influence of three aeration intensities (atmospheric air flow 3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 L.min-1) and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) on the dimension of activated sludge flocs as well as on the efficiency of organic matter removal were assessed using a traditional activated sludge system which was fed with synthetic domestic wastewater. Samples were taken weekly from the three units that make up the system feed, aeration and storage tank in order to verify the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). It was established the process efficiency through a comparison between the initial and final COD. Besides the parameters already mentioned, this monitoring work on activated sludge batch system was also observed by Mixed Liquor Suspend Solids (MLSS), Volatile Suspend Solids (VSS), pH and temperature measures. The results have showed a maximum removal efficiency around 75% in the first aeration sequence and approximately 85% for the second and third one. For the first aeration, the DO concentration remained higher than 3.0 mg.L-1 and a diameter range from 10 to 60 μm was observed. In the second e third sequence, the DO concentration remained higher than 4.0 mg.L-1 with a diameter range of 10 until 200 μm. Although the sequence 1 and 2 have presented similar performances for organic matter removal, the sequence 2 promoted a regular floc size distribution and with lower values of Sludge Volumetric Index (SVI) meaning a better flocculating ability. In addition, the results reaffirmed what the literature has reported: higher DO concentrations produce flocs with greater dimensions / No tratamento de ?guas residu?rias, os sistemas de lodos ativados t?m sido uma tecnologia largamente aplicada como tratamento secund?rio. Durante essa etapa, a qual possui uma caracter?stica fortemente biol?gica, ? necess?rio o fornecimento de oxig?nio para a manuten??o da atividade metab?lica das bact?rias atrav?s de aeradores. Os dispositivos de aera??o s?o respons?veis pela maior parte do consumo de energia ao longo dessa fase. Nesse contexto, a influ?ncia de tr?s intensidades de aera??o (vaz?o de ar atmosf?rico de 3,5, 7,0 e 10, 5 L.min-1) e a concentra??o de oxig?nio dissolvido (OD) sobre a dimens?o de flocos de lodo ativado, e bem como sobre a efici?ncia de remo??o foram avaliadas utilizando um sistema tradicional de lodos ativados alimentado com efluente dom?stico sint?tico. Amostras foram retiradas semanalmente das tr?s unidades que compunham o sistema tanque de alimenta??o, de aera??o e de armazenamento para verificar a Demanda Qu?mica de Oxig?nio (DQO). A efici?ncia do processo foi estabelecida atrav?s da compara??o entre a DQO inicial e final. Al?m dos par?metros j? mencionados, este trabalho de monitoramento do sistema de lodos ativados de bancada foi observado tamb?m por meio de medi??es de S?lidos em Suspens?o Totais (SST) e Vol?teis (SSV), pH e temperatura. Os resultados mostraram uma efici?ncia m?xima de remo??o de quase 75% na primeira sequ?ncia de aera??o e aproximadamente 85% para a segunda e terceira sequ?ncias. Para a primeira aera??o, a concentra??o de OD manteve-se maior que 3,0 mg.L-1 e uma faixa de di?metro de 10 a 60 μm foi observada, enquanto que na segunda e terceira sequ?ncia, a concentra??o de OD permaneceu superior a 4,0 mg.L-1 com uma faixa de di?metro de 10 a 200 μm. Embora a sequ?ncia 2 e 3 tenham apresentado, ambas, desempenhos similares para remo??o de mat?ria org?nica, a sequ?ncia 3 promoveu uma distribui??o de tamanho de flocos mais regular e com baixos valores de ?ndices Volum?tricos do Lodo (IVL), configurando em uma melhor habilidade de sedimenta??o. Em adi??o, os resultados reafirmam o que literatura tem relatado, maiores concentra??es de OD produzem flocos com maiores dimens?es