京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21961号 / 医博第4503号 / 新制||医||1037(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 川口 義弥, 教授 山下 潤, 教授 妹尾 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22641号 / 医博第4624号 / 新制||医||1044(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 山下 潤, 教授 湊谷 謙司, 教授 江藤 浩之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22744号 / 医博第4662号 / 新制||医||1046(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 髙折 晃史, 教授 竹内 理, 教授 近藤 玄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13380号 / 論医博第2214号 / 新制||医||1047(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科外科系専攻 / (主査)教授 山下 潤, 教授 木村 剛, 教授 浅野 雅秀 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), a serine/threonine kinase, plays a role in DNA damage repair, redox sensing, and metabolism. In the heart, ATM contributes significantly in the myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac remodeling with effects on fibrosis, hypertrophy, apoptosis and inflammation. This study investigates the role of ATM deficiency in 14 weeks Western-type diet (WD)-induced cardiac outcomes prior to and 1-day post-MI in a sex-specific manner using wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice. In male mice, ATM deficiency induced rapid body weight gain and preload-associated dysfunction, while WT mice displayed afterload-associated dysfunction 14 weeks post-WD. Myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy were higher in hKO-WD versus WT-WD. WD increased fibrosis, and expression of collagen-1α1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 only in WT-WD. AMPK activation was higher, while activation of mTOR and NF-kB was lower in hKO-WD versus hKO-NC. Serum levels of IL-12(p70), eotaxin, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β were higher in hKO-WD versus WT-WD. Conversely, female hKO-WD mice exhibited an attenuation of weight gain and maintenance of heart function. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels were higher in female hKO-WD. WD-induced apoptosis and Bax expression were lower in hKO-WD vs WT-WD. Collagen-1α1 expression was higher in hKO-WD vs WT-WD. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression increased only in WT-WD. MI decreased cardiac function in both male and female mice versus their WD counterparts. The cardioprotective effects of ATM deficiency in terms of heart function were abolished in female mice 1 day post-MI. MI led to a similar infarct size and increase in apoptosis in the two WD-MI groups of both sexes. These data suggest that – 1) ATM deficiency associates with systolic and preload associated diastolic dysfunction, and exacerbates apoptosis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in male mice in response to WD; 2) In female mice, ATM deficiency plays a cardioprotective role with preserved systolic function and decreased apoptosis in response to WD; 3) the sex-specific cardioprotective effects of ATM deficiency in females were abolished 1day post-MI. Thus, ATM deficiency affects cardiac structure and function in a sex-specific manner in response to WD and early post-MI.

The subject of my thesis is the preparation of project documentation for the reconstruction of former agricultural building into a sports center with accommodation. The existing building has two floors, the shape of elongated rectangle. The building has been standing extra suggest an object similar in appearance, the final plan will be L-shaped. The building is built in a quiet village Heroltice in Šumperk district, in the cadastral area Štíty - Heroltice. Accommodation is designed for 12 people, sports facilities for 20 persons. Access to the building and it is wheelchair accessible. Supporting structures are built of brick blocks filled with cotton wool, solid clay bricks and quarry stones. Based on the passport of plain concrete. The roof is pitched. The project includes a seminar work focused on the evaluation of the structures in terms of thermal technology and acoustics.

Orientador: Sergio Aberto Rupp de Paiva / Coorientador: Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho / Resumo: Introdução: Após infarto do miocárdio (IM) ocorrem modificações complexas na estrutura do miocárdio. Essas alterações determinam a remodelação cardíaca (RC) e a disfunção ventricular. Alguns mecanismos como estresse oxidativo e inflamação modulam esse processo. O suco de laranja (SL) possui fitonutrientes na forma de polifenóis, como os flavonóides que têm ação anti-inflamatória e anti-estresse oxidativo. Levantamos a hipótese de que o consumo de SL atenua o processo de RC após IM, por ação no estresse oxidativo e na inflamação cardíaca. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do consumo de SL na RC após IM por meio de variáveis morfológicas, funcionais, estresse oxidativo, inflamação e metabolismo energético. Materiais e métodos: Como delineamento do estudo foram 142 ratos machos pesando em torno de 200-250g, que sofreram um procedimento cirúrgico. Os animais foram alocados em 2 grupos, sham e infartados. Foi realizado ecocardiograma (ECO) inicial. Posteriormente, cada um desses grupos foi alocado em outros 2 grupos. O grupo sham controle (S0) recebeu água com maltodextrina, e o grupo sham tratado (SSL) recebeu SL; o grupo infarto controle (I0) recebeu água com maltodextrina e o grupo infarto tratado (ISL) recebeu SL. A análise estatística foi feita pela ANOVA de duas vias complementado por Holm-Sidak e os resultados apresentados em média ± desvio padrão, o nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Resultados: O estudo morfológico realizado pelo ECO mostrou que o infarto resultou e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: After myocardial infarction (MI) complex changes occur in myocardial structure. These changes determine cardiac remodeling (CR) and ventricular dysfunction. Some mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation modulate this process. Orange juice (OJ) has phytonutrients in the form of polyphenols, such as flavonoids that have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress. We hypothesized that the consumption of OJ attenuates the CR process after MI, by action on oxidative stress and cardiac inflammation. Objective: To evaluate the influence of OJ consumption on CR after MI through variables functional, morphological, oxidative stress, inflammation and energy metabolism. Materials and methods: As a study design were 142 male rats weighing around 200-250 g, who underwent a surgical procedure. The animals were allocated in 2 groups, sham and infarcts. An initial echocardiogram (ECHO) was performed. Subsequently, each of these groups was allocated in 2 other groups. Sham control group (S0) received water with maltodextrin, and treated sham group (SSL) received OJ; control infarction group (I0) received water with maltodextrin and treated infarction group (ISL) received OJ. Statistical analysis was performed by the two-way ANOVA supplemented by Holm-Sidak and the results presented in mean ± standard deviation, the level of significance adopted was 0.05. Results: The morphological study performed by ECHO showed that the infarction resulted in an increase in LVDD, LVSD and AE, corrected for body weight and aorta, as well as LVMT, LVMI, and LV and RV weight corrected for body weight. In addition, infarction led to higher values Tei index and AE, lower values of endocardial fractional shortening, PESV, EF, AVF, S side, S septal and S mean. In relation to oxidative stress the infarction led to higher SOD and HL activity, and lower expression of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

La synthèse des ARN messagers est un processus hautement régulé. Pendant l’initiation de la transcription, un nombre important de protéines est recruté au niveau du promoteur des gènes, comprenant l’ARN polymérase II, les facteurs généraux de transcription comme TFIIH, des co-activateurs et des remodeleurs de la chromatine. L’assemblage du complexe de pré-initiation sur les promoteurs est suivi par leur ouverture. Les modèles acceptés à ce jour suggéraient que la transcription des gènes de classe II nécessite les activités ATPase et hélicase de la sous-unité XPB de TFIIH afin d’ouvrir le promoteur. Or nous avons observé que l’expression des ARNm s’accommode de l’absence de XPB mais nécessite son activité ATPase. Ces observations concordent avec un modèle alternatif dans lequel l’activité ATPase de XPB est utilisée pour transloquer la protéine en amont du site d’initiation et lever un blocage, imposé par la présence de XPB, de l’ouverture du promoteur. De plus, nous avons découvert un nouveau rôle de TFIIH dans le remodelage de la chromatine lors de l’initiation de la transcription. Nous avons mis en évidence un lien étroit entre TFIIH et l’histone acétyltransférase KAT2A, permettant le contrôle de la structure de la chromatine et l’expression des gènes, apportant en outre de nouvelles informations sur le Xeroderma pigmentosum combiné au syndrome de Cockayne, une maladie de la réparation avec une prédisposition au cancer. / The synthesis of messenger RNA is a highly regulated process. During transcription initiation, a large number of proteins are recruited to gene promoter including RNA polymerase II, general transcription factors like TFIIH, co-activators and chromatin remodelers. The assembly of pre-initiation complex on promoters is followed by their opening. Accepted models to date suggested that transcription of class II genes requires TFIIH XPB subunit ATPase and helicase activities to actively open the promoter. However, we have observed that mRNA expression is compatible with the absence of XPB but requires its ATPase activity. These observations are consistent with an alternative model in which the ATPase activity of XPB is used to translocate the protein upstream of the initiation site, alleviating a block, imposed by the presence of XPB, of the promoter opening. Moreover, we found a new role for TFIIH in chromatin remodeling during transcription initiation. We highlighted a tight connection between TFIIH and the histone acetyltransferase KAT2A that controls higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression and provide new insights into transcriptional misregulation in combined Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Cockayne syndrome, a cancer-prone DNA repair-deficient disorder.

Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Osteopontin (OPN), a cell-secreted extracellular matrix protein, is suggested to play a cardioprotective role in mouse models of ischemic heart disease. The objective of this study was to examine the role of OPN in modulation of systolic and diastolic functional parameters of the heart following mouse ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. For this, wild-type (WT) and OPN-knockout (KO) mice aged approximately 4 months were subjected to cardiac ischemia for 45 minutes by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by reperfusion of LAD by snipping the ligature. Heart function was measured using echocardiography at baseline, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 27 days post-I/R injury. M-mode echocardiographic images were used to calculate % fractional shortening [%FS], % ejection fraction [%EF], end-systolic volume [ESV], and end-diastolic volume [EDV], while pulsed wave Doppler images were used to measure aortic ejection time [AET], isovolumic relaxation time [IVRT], and total systolic time [TST]. Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf) was calculated using FS and AET. I/R injury significantly decreased %EF and %FS in both WT and KO groups at all time points (1, 3, 7, 14, and 27 days post-I/R) versus the baseline. However, the decrease in % EF and %FS was significantly greater in KO-I/R group versus WT-I/R at 3, 7, 14 and 27 days post-I/R. I/R-mediated increase in ESV and EDV were significantly greater in KO-MI group versus WT-MI 3 day post-I/R. AET was significantly higher in WT-I/R group 27 days post-I/R versus baseline. However, AET was significantly lower in KO-I/R group 3 and 27 days post-I/R versus WT-I/R. IVRT was significantly higher in KO-I/R group 27 days post-I/R vs baseline. However, IVRT was significantly lower in KO-I/R group 1 day post-I/R vs WT-I/R. TST remained unchanged in WT and KO groups post-I/R versus their respective baseline groups. However, TST was significantly lower in KO-I/R group versus WT-I/R at 3 days post-I/R. Vcf was significantly higher at basal levels in the KO versus WT mice. I/R injury decreased Vcf in both groups versus their baseline at all time-points. These data provide evidence that lack of OPN deteriorates systolic and diastolic functional parameters of the heart following I/R injury, suggesting a cardioprotective role of OPN in myocardial remodeling post-IR.

Circadian rhythm of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is well documented, but its physiological role is not fully understood. In healthy individuals, biochemical markers of bone remodeling follow a similar circadian rhythm to PTH with a nocturnal rise in bone resorption and formation. The loss of PTH diurnal variation was observed not only in primary hyperparathyroidism, but also in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Continuously elevated concentrations of PTH lead to excessive stimulation of bone resorption, whereas intermittent PTH administration has a strong osteoanabolic effect in patients with osteoporosis. It has not been examined whether the skeletal sensitivity to PTH action depends also on the time of its application. The aim of our study was to verify the hypothesis that the application of teriparatide (TPTD, recombinant human PTH [1-34]) at different times of the day in the context of its diurnal variability affects the physiological circadian rhythm of bone remodeling and also the bone mineral density (BMD) after the long-term TPTD treatment. Fourteen women with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with 20 micrograms of TPTD daily, applied subcutaneously either in the morning or evening, were included in the first study. The concentration of serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen...