In recent years, it is becoming more and more common to utilize 3D modeling technology to reconstruct cultural heritages. The most common way to deliver the 3D model of an existing object is based on hands-on surveys and CAD tools which could be impractical for large or complex structure in term of time consumption and cost. Recently, laser scanning technology and more automated photogrammetric modeling methods become available, and making the 3D reconstruction process of real world objects easier. Photogrammetry is one of the most cost-effective approaches we could use to gather the physical information of an object, such as size, location, and appearance. Also, the operation of the equipment of photogrammetry, which is a camera, is very easy and cost-effective. However, it also has its drawback, which is mainly caused the outcome’s low accuracy level. Accurate drawings or models only have been achieved with other approaches, such as 3D laser scanning or total station. The 3D model of the Francis Hall at Texas A&M University, which will be renovated soon, was created in order to investigate whether the image-based 3D model produced using photogrammetry technology would be acceptable or not for the use in renovation projects. For this investigation, the elapsed time for data acquisition and 3D modeling was measured. The accuracy level of the image-based 3D model and the deficiencies of this approach were also recorded. Then, the image-based 3D model of Francis Hall was presented in the BIM CAVE to four industry professionals and one graduate student. The regular 3D model of the Francis Hall, which was created, using dimensions extracted from 2D drawings, was also presented to the interviewees in the BIM CAVE. After watching two different 3D models (image-based 3D model and regular 3D model) of the same Francis Hall, five interviewees were requested to describe the differences they noticed between image-based 3D model and regular 3D model presented in the BIM CAVE. By reviewing and analyzing the data from interviews. Following conclusions could be made. First, the image-based 3D model of Francis Hall gave people more feeling of reality than the traditional CAD drawings or BIM models. Second, the image-based 3D model could be used for saving travels, showing details, improving coordination, improving design, facilities management tool, and marketing tool. Third, in order to make it practical for the industry, the time consumption and cost of generating the image-based 3D model should be at least equivalent to time consumption and cost for architects to conduct survey and generate CAD drawings or BIM model.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and report teacher perceptions during a renovation project. A quantitative analysis of six demographic variables and a 24 item survey questionnaire provided information related to school renovation, school leadership, student academic achievement, and teacher morale. This phenomenological study included survey responses from 74 out of a possible 76 teachers who were present during one of the two almost identical high school renovation projects in a rural school division in Virginia. These two high schools had the same renovation timeline, floor plan, architectural design team, and construction company. Independent sample t-tests and one-way Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) were used to determine differences in teacher satisfaction, schools, or demographic variables. The first major finding found overall teacher satisfaction was minimally affected by the renovation project (satisfied 36.5%, neutral 59.5%, and dissatisfied 4%). Factors that may have affected this finding include: lapse in teacher memory due to collection of data 10 months after the completion of the project, a feeling of ambivalence by the teachers, or the fact that the principal of one of the schools was also the researcher which may have caused survey responses to be more neutral. Both males and females felt satisfied but the females were less satisfied regarding safety, cleanliness, job satisfaction, and school rating. Differences between satisfied and dissatisfied teachers involving cleanliness, considering relocating during the project, seeking a transfer to avoid another project, and room temperature were found to have significance and moderate effect sizes. The schools had differences in overall satisfaction levels with one school having more satisfied teachers versus more teachers coded as neutral at the other school. While teachers at both schools felt safe during the renovation project and odor had an effect on satisfaction, satisfaction levels were different at each school. The last finding was a difference in job satisfaction levels between the age categories of 21-25 and 26-35 which could affect teacher retention. This study also concludes the need for doctoral and principal preparation programs to include information regarding the leadership role during a renovation project and how decisions may affect teacher satisfaction. / Ed. D.

Projektering vid renoveringsprojekt ser ofta väldigt olika ut och skiljer sig från projekteringen vid nyproduktion. Det är därför svårt att ta fram en mall eller standard för hur produktionen ska genomföras och avvikelser kan lätt uppstå.  Avvikelser som uppstår inom renoveringsprojekt kan visa sig vara väldigt tidskrävande eller i värsta fall leda till stopp inom produktionen och det ställs stora krav på projektörerna som måste ha goda kunskaper inom området.  Inom ramen för examensarbetet ingår att identifiera och analysera hur kritiska avvikelser inom renoveringsprojekt uppstår samt hur man ska göra för att hantera detta under ett tidigt skede av renoveringen. Som referensobjekt under examensarbetet används renoveringen av bostadsrättföreningen Kurortsparken i Nynäshamn. Rapporten kommer att analysera de avvikelser som uppstått under produktionen samt ge förslag för hur man kunde ha hanterat projektet och de avvikelser som uppstod annorlunda. / The planning for renovation projects often look very different and distinct from the planning for new production. It is therefore difficult to set up a template or standard for how the production will be implemented and variations may readily occur. Deviations that arise in renovation projects can prove to be very time consuming and worst lead to a stop in production and the concern results in the designer that must be experienced.  As part of the thesis is to find and analyze the critical differences in the renovation project and how to do to manage it during the early stages of renovation. As a reference point for the thesis is the renovation of the housing association Kurortsparken in Nynäshamn. The report will analyze the deviations that occurred during the production and to give suggestions for how to handle the project and the changes that occurred differently.

Stockholm står inför en historisk befolkningstillväxt och nu väntas en tid av ombyggnationer och förtätningar av Stockholms storstadsregion. Denna utveckling bidrar starkt till att även CBD växer. Det finns ett flertal projekt som pågår eller planeras i CBD. Ett av dessa projekt är totalrenoveringen av Diligentias profilfastighet Sveavägen 44 i utkanten av norra CBD. Tidigare har det funnits andra projekt som genomförts i utkanten av CBD. I Centralenområdet genomfördes ett flertal stora projekt. På Blasieholmen genomfördes en satsning på tre fastigheter. Dessa projekt har varit lyckade i avseende på sin områdespåverkan och har mer eller mindre varit startskott för en större fastighetsutveckling i områdena. Båda områdena är en del av det vi idag kallar CBD. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utreda om och i så fall, hur stor, påverkan Sveavägen 44 har på närområdet. Än så länge är Sveavägen 44 ganska isolerat från city och ensamt i sin klass. Frågan är om Diligentias investering i Sveavägen 44 kan locka fler aktörer i området att förädla sina fastigheter och att dessa projekt i slutändan får ett stort genomslag. Utvecklingen av norra CBD kommer att diskuteras i avseende på områdesutveckling, hyresutveckling, värdeutveckling och vakans. Slutsatsen av studien är att effekterna från Sveavägen 44 är positiva men begränsade i utsträckning då området som helhet har haft få effekter. Den största effekt Sveavägen 44 har haft på området i norra CBD är hyrespåverkan. I takt med att hyror i CBD har ökat har det faktum att Diligentia kräver hyror högt över medelhyran i området bidragit till en stark positiv hyresutveckling i området. Attraktiviten för butiks- och kontorslokaler i området har ökat, framförallt för de förstnämnda. Butiker i området står förmodligen för en större utveckling framöver; den ökade efterfrågan kommer med sannolikhet tvinga utbudet till en upprustning. Förutom förädlingen för butikslokaler bedöms områdesutvecklingen annars stå stilla. Fastigheternas låga ytvakans och relativt höga standard håller tillbaka en större fastighetsutveckling i området. Möjligtvis kommer mindre flexibla fastigheter med rumsindelade lokaler, som nu har höga vakanser, att konverteras till bostäder. Områdets status som Stockholms China Town, om än svagt idag, kommer att blekna och området längre norrut längs Sveavägen, utanför CBD, kommer befästas som Stockholms China Town. / Stockholm has a historical population growth and a time of reconstruction and densification is to be expected for the metropolitan area of Stockholm. This change contributes strongly to extension of the CBD. There are many projects under construction or in the planning process in city. One of these projects is the refurbishment of Diligentia’s profile property Sveavägen 44 in the northern parts of the CBD. There have been projects implemented in the outskirts of CBD before. In the Central Station area a number of large projects have been carried out. At Blasieholmen there was a big investment in three properties. These projects have been successful in terms of its impact on the area and they have more or less been a starting point for a larger real estate development in its area. Both areas are part of what is today considered as CBD. This master thesis aims to investigate whether, and if so, how much impact the renovation of Sveavägen 44 has on the surrounding area. So far, Sveavägen 44 is relatively isolated from the city center and alone of its high standard in the area. The question is if Diligentia’s large investment in Sveavägen 44 could motivate more players in the area to refine their properties and these projects will end up having a big impact on the area. The development of the northern CBD will be discussed in terms of area development, rental development, value creation and the vacancy rate. The conclusion of the study is that the impact Sveavägen 44 has on the area is positive but limited in the extent to which the area as a whole has had an impact. The biggest impact on the area in northern CBD Sveavägen 44 has had is on the rental development. In line with the increased rental levels in CBD, together with the fact that Diligentia is demanding rents over the average rental level for the area, has contributed to a strong positive rental development. The demands for retail and office space in the area have increased, especially for the former. Shops in the area are facing a larger development in the future; the increased demand will likely compel supply improvement. Besides the refinement of retail premises the development of the area is assessed to otherwise stand still. The low vacancy rate of space and relatively high standard for the properties in the area will hold back a movement of upgrading the premises. It is possible for the difficult room structured properties, suffering from high vacancies, to be converted into residential. The status of the area as Stockholm’s China Town, yet not widely used, will fade and an area further north alongside Sveavägen, outside the border of CBD, will be consolidated as Stockholm’s China Town.