Syfte och utgångspunkt:    Att utifrån fyra organisationer undersöka faktorer som är viktiga för arbete med expatriering och att använda Mendenhall, Dunbar och Oddous modell som inspiration för att skapa en egen modell med faktorer värdefulla för en expatrieringsprocess.   Forskningsresan:                 Utifrån referensram samt ett empiriskt resultat av intervjuer identifieras fyra kategorier, betydelse av att ta med familjen, mentorskap och stöd, anpassning till kultur och karriärplanering. Det empiriska resultatet samt referensramen är sedan grunden till analys och slutsats.   Slutsats:                              I slutsatsen presenteras betydelsefulla faktorer för utgången av studiens syfte.   Dessa faktorer används sedan i den modell författarna skapat. Modellen visar hur behovet av de fyra kategorierna är beroende av den planerade utlandsstationeringens längd.   Metod:                                Författarna av studien utgår från en kvalitativ ansats med djupintervjuer som metod. Det empiriska resultatet baseras på det material som framkommit genom djupintervjuer med  respondenterna från de fyra organisationerna. / Purpose and starting point: That based on a study with four organizations identify factors that are important to work with regarding expatriation and to use Mendenhall, Dunbar and Oddous model as inspiration to create a separate model with factors of value to an expatriation process.   Research - Journey:            Based on the framework and the empirical results of the interviews identify four categories: importance of including family, mentoring and support, adaptation to culture and career planning. The empirical results and the reference frame is the base for analysis and conclusion.   Conclusion                          The conclusion presents significant factors for the outcome of the study's purpose. These factors are then used in the model, which the authors created. The model shows how the need for the four categories depends on the planned length of expatriation.   Method:                              The authors of the study base the study on a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews as a method. The empirical result is based on the material obtained through interviews with respondents from the four organizations.

The repatriation of Aboriginal human remains is still a debated issue in some forums. However, among many Canadian museums and other institutions, repatriation of ancestral remains is no longer a debate. It has become part of an obligation institutions have to ‘decolonize’ their collections. While the question concerning whether repatriation is ‘the right thing to do’ has been recognized in most North American museums, trying to decide the best method to return the remains is still undecided. In examining how perceptions of human remains have changed in the Anglo-European, Haida and Ojibway cultures, an explanation of the importance of repatriation emerges. This thesis analyses how changes in perception have impacted the acceptance of repatriation among museums and other institutions and produced a discourse concerned with returning all Aboriginal remains back to Native communities. By analysing the experiences and opinions of 14 stakeholders in repatriation (collected during in-person and telephone conversations as well as open-ended questionnaires) I was able to garner a general opinion on the status of repatriation in Canada. It was found that the current method Canadian institutions employ to repatriate Aboriginal human remains adequately addresses the issue. Flaws are found in all methods of repatriation; however, presently, negotiations based on mediation and not litigation produce more valuable consultation relationships, more cooperation between institutions and Native groups, and a more beneficial repatriation experience.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 1999. / Adviser: William Sun. Submitted to the Dept. of Drama. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 264-283). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-138).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. / "July 2005." Title taken from PDF title screen (viewed September 4, 2007). Includes bibliographical references and appendices.

The dissertation investigates South Africa’s legal aspects pertaining to voluntary repatriation of refugees. The repatriation of Mozambican and Angolan refugees was referred to in order to examine the loopholes in the process of repatriating them. This study moreover examines whether the application of the cessation clause is in contravention of the principle of non-refoulement, which is intrinsically the cornerstone for voluntariness of repatriation. The analysis of international, regional and South Africa’s refugee protection framework demonstrates that South Africa affords refugees the protection required by international law. This has been compared with states’ practice and case law with regards to refugee protection in countries including Canada and the United Kingdom. Although South Africa, Canada and the United Kingdom have comprehensive legal framework governing refugees’ protection, refugees’ rights have been violated on numerous occasions. The dissertation consequently concludes that notwithstanding the presence of international, regional and domestic legislations, the rights of refugees are violated due to their vulnerability and the repatriation process ignores the principle of voluntariness on several occasions. / Public, Constitutional, and International Law / LLM

O fato de megaeventos esportivos serem realizados no Brasil reflete o novo posicionamento brasileiro no cenário mundial; e as problemáticas envolvendo a necessidade de profissionalização das práticas de gestão no esporte tornam-se emergentes. Somando-se este fato a crescente internacionalização do futebol brasileiro e o aumento da circulação de nossos talentos esportivos para os mais diversos países emerge a demanda de estudos que contribuam para a compreensão dos modelos de gestão dos clubes e das problemáticas envolvendo os jogadores cada vez mais inseridos em um cenário global. Torna-se ao mesmo tempo fundamental compreender os processos de empresarização e sua importância para o crescimento das instituições esportivas, contudo deve-se pensar na profissionalização e no desenvolvimento de políticas e práticas de gestão que levem em consideração os aspectos culturais e sociais do esporte. Este trabalho situa-se no campo da gestão de pessoas internacional e gestão do esporte, trata do tema da expatriação e repatriação de jogadores de futebol brasileiros. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e analisar como os processos de expatriação e repatriação de jogadores são estruturados em um clube de futebol gaúcho e como esses processos são percebidos e conduzidos frente à atual realidade da gestão esportiva brasileira. O método utilizado foi estudo de caso sob abordagem qualitativa, em que 22 entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado foram realizadas, mais especificamente, dez com profissionais de futebol, seis com empresários de futebol e seis com gestores de um clube de futebol gaúcho. A análise categorial temática foi utilizada como método de análise de conteúdo para interpretação das entrevistas realizadas. Os principais resultados encontrados na pesquisa foram: (i) A partir da compreensão sobre as mudanças na gestão dos clubes e do cenário de saída e retorno de jogadores de maneira sistêmica e longitudinal, abre a possibilidade para o surgimento de novas formas de condução dos processos de transferências internacionais de jogadores, e das próprias formas de se pensar a participação dos clubes na gestão dos seus talentos esportivos; (ii) a gestão das organizações esportivas pode estar alinhada ao planejamento e gestão da carreira do jogador, mesmo em uma lógica de lucro, desde que se leve em consideração uma visão estratégica da gestão de pessoas no esporte e se realize a gestão de um talento esportivo e não de um simples produto a ser comercializado. (iii) Parece haver grandes possibilidades de se pensar as políticas e práticas de gestão estratégica de pessoas no esporte levando em consideração o novo cenário constituído, mesmo com os desafios evidentes. Acredita-se em um ganho substancial para clubes e jogadores, ampliando as possibilidades de retorno financeiro e atuação, amenizando a possibilidade de insucessos na condução dos processos de expatriação e repatriação. / The fact that mega sporting events are held in Brazil reflects the new Brazilian position in the world scene; and the problems regarding the need of professionalization of management practices in sports became emergent. Summing this fact to the growing internationalization of Brazilian soccer and the increase in circulation of our sports talents for different countries emerges the demand of studies contributing to the understanding of management models of clubs and problems involving players increasingly inserted in a global scene. It becomes at the same time fundamental understanding the enterprisation processes and their importance to the growth of sports institutions, nevertheless it should be thought in the professionalization and development of management policies and practices that consider the cultural aspects of sports. This study lies in the fields of international people management and sports management, deals the expatriation and repatriation of Brazilian soccer players. The aim of this research is to identify and analyse how the expatriation and repatriation processes of players are structured in a soccer club from Rio Grande do Sul and how these processes are perceived and conducted in front of the current reality of Brazilian sports management. Methodology used consisted of a qualitative case of study, in which 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted, specifically, ten with soccer professionals, six with soccer entrepreneurs and six with managers of a soccer club from Rio Grande do Sul. The thematic categorical analysis was used as a content analysis method to interpret the interviews conducted. The main results in this research were: (i) From the understanding of the changes in the clubs management and the leaving and returning of players scene in a systematic and longitudinal manner, there is a possibility of arising new conducting ways of international transference of players processes and the own ways of thinking the clubs participation in the management of their sports talents; (ii) Sports organization management may be aligned to the player‟s career planning and management, even in a profit logic, if it takes in consideration a strategic view of human resource management in sports and performs the management of a sports talent and not of a simple product to be commercialized; (iii) There seems to be great opportunities to think policies and practices of people strategic management in sports taking into consideration the new scene made, even with the evident challenges. It is believed in a substantial gain for clubs and players, enhancing the possibilities of financial and performance return, mitigating the possibilities of failure in the conduct of expatriation and repatriation processes.

Denna fallstudie syftar till att undersöka hur formella policys och informella relationer tillämpas i expatriationsprocessen samt hur det påverkar karriärutveckling för expatriater som är på utlandsuppdrag. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, med tre HR-specialister och fyra expatriater på ett multinationellt företag, analyseras expatriationsprocessen för att förmedla en dubbelsidig bakgrund till fenomenet expatriation. En teoretisk diskussion utifrån tidigare genomförda studier och teorier avhandlar expatriationsprocessen. Resultatet i studien visar att formella policys påverkar processen genom att de olika faserna i policyn utgör ett regelverk som sätter grundförutsättningar för att utlandsuppdraget ska bli framgångsrik. HR-specialisterna använder policyn i de flesta delarna av processen förutom i uppföljningen av expatriaten vilket kan ge implikationer i form av expatriatmisslyckanden. Slutsatsen är att den informella relationen påverkar processen främst i karriärutvecklingen där det är viktigt med ett väletablerat stöd från HR-avdelningen.

O fato de megaeventos esportivos serem realizados no Brasil reflete o novo posicionamento brasileiro no cenário mundial; e as problemáticas envolvendo a necessidade de profissionalização das práticas de gestão no esporte tornam-se emergentes. Somando-se este fato a crescente internacionalização do futebol brasileiro e o aumento da circulação de nossos talentos esportivos para os mais diversos países emerge a demanda de estudos que contribuam para a compreensão dos modelos de gestão dos clubes e das problemáticas envolvendo os jogadores cada vez mais inseridos em um cenário global. Torna-se ao mesmo tempo fundamental compreender os processos de empresarização e sua importância para o crescimento das instituições esportivas, contudo deve-se pensar na profissionalização e no desenvolvimento de políticas e práticas de gestão que levem em consideração os aspectos culturais e sociais do esporte. Este trabalho situa-se no campo da gestão de pessoas internacional e gestão do esporte, trata do tema da expatriação e repatriação de jogadores de futebol brasileiros. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e analisar como os processos de expatriação e repatriação de jogadores são estruturados em um clube de futebol gaúcho e como esses processos são percebidos e conduzidos frente à atual realidade da gestão esportiva brasileira. O método utilizado foi estudo de caso sob abordagem qualitativa, em que 22 entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado foram realizadas, mais especificamente, dez com profissionais de futebol, seis com empresários de futebol e seis com gestores de um clube de futebol gaúcho. A análise categorial temática foi utilizada como método de análise de conteúdo para interpretação das entrevistas realizadas. Os principais resultados encontrados na pesquisa foram: (i) A partir da compreensão sobre as mudanças na gestão dos clubes e do cenário de saída e retorno de jogadores de maneira sistêmica e longitudinal, abre a possibilidade para o surgimento de novas formas de condução dos processos de transferências internacionais de jogadores, e das próprias formas de se pensar a participação dos clubes na gestão dos seus talentos esportivos; (ii) a gestão das organizações esportivas pode estar alinhada ao planejamento e gestão da carreira do jogador, mesmo em uma lógica de lucro, desde que se leve em consideração uma visão estratégica da gestão de pessoas no esporte e se realize a gestão de um talento esportivo e não de um simples produto a ser comercializado. (iii) Parece haver grandes possibilidades de se pensar as políticas e práticas de gestão estratégica de pessoas no esporte levando em consideração o novo cenário constituído, mesmo com os desafios evidentes. Acredita-se em um ganho substancial para clubes e jogadores, ampliando as possibilidades de retorno financeiro e atuação, amenizando a possibilidade de insucessos na condução dos processos de expatriação e repatriação. / The fact that mega sporting events are held in Brazil reflects the new Brazilian position in the world scene; and the problems regarding the need of professionalization of management practices in sports became emergent. Summing this fact to the growing internationalization of Brazilian soccer and the increase in circulation of our sports talents for different countries emerges the demand of studies contributing to the understanding of management models of clubs and problems involving players increasingly inserted in a global scene. It becomes at the same time fundamental understanding the enterprisation processes and their importance to the growth of sports institutions, nevertheless it should be thought in the professionalization and development of management policies and practices that consider the cultural aspects of sports. This study lies in the fields of international people management and sports management, deals the expatriation and repatriation of Brazilian soccer players. The aim of this research is to identify and analyse how the expatriation and repatriation processes of players are structured in a soccer club from Rio Grande do Sul and how these processes are perceived and conducted in front of the current reality of Brazilian sports management. Methodology used consisted of a qualitative case of study, in which 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted, specifically, ten with soccer professionals, six with soccer entrepreneurs and six with managers of a soccer club from Rio Grande do Sul. The thematic categorical analysis was used as a content analysis method to interpret the interviews conducted. The main results in this research were: (i) From the understanding of the changes in the clubs management and the leaving and returning of players scene in a systematic and longitudinal manner, there is a possibility of arising new conducting ways of international transference of players processes and the own ways of thinking the clubs participation in the management of their sports talents; (ii) Sports organization management may be aligned to the player‟s career planning and management, even in a profit logic, if it takes in consideration a strategic view of human resource management in sports and performs the management of a sports talent and not of a simple product to be commercialized; (iii) There seems to be great opportunities to think policies and practices of people strategic management in sports taking into consideration the new scene made, even with the evident challenges. It is believed in a substantial gain for clubs and players, enhancing the possibilities of financial and performance return, mitigating the possibilities of failure in the conduct of expatriation and repatriation processes.

abstract: Unauthorized immigrants account for approximately one fourth of all immigrants in the United States, yet they dominate public perceptions and are at the heart of a policy impasse. Caught in the middle are the children of these immigrants--youth who are coming of age and living in the shadows; they are an invisible cohort. An estimated 5.5 million children and adolescents are growing up with unauthorized immigrant parents, and are experiencing multiple, and yet unrecognized developmental consequences of their families' existence in the shadow of the law. Although these youth are American in spirit and voice, they are, nonetheless, members of families that are "illegal" in the eyes of the law. Many children have been exiled to México; these are the children living in the shadows of Mexican diaspora, Los Retornos. This phenomenological study developed a conceptual framework to examine the effects in which being an exiled United States citizen living in Morelia, Michoacán, affected these many children and adolescents. Bourdieu's (1977) theoretical framework is used in this study and is based on his social, cultural capital concept; the assumption is that Los Retornos carry valuable sociocultural, bilingual and monoliterate capital that is endangered, unrecognized, replaceable, and not used to the best interest of students in schools. This study made use of this framework to answer the following questions: 1. How do Retorno families (nuclear and extended) develop the self-efficacy needed to preserve the social and cultural capital they bring with them to Michoacán? 2. How are communities and identity forms imagined and created in the context of this new migration shift? 3. How are Los Retornos responding to the involuntary shift (N=7) from the U.S to Michoacán? 4. How are teachers adjusting their classroom practices and curriculum to meet the academic needs of Los Retornos? The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to improve understanding of Los Retornos. This phenomenological case study is focused on identifying experiences Los Retornos encounter in their schools and family lives through their personal migration experience to illuminate how best to help them preserve the social and cultural, capital they bring with them. The findings from this study may assist educators and policy makers in developing interventions and policies that meet the needs of this cohort. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2013