O objetivo desta tese é empreender uma investigação sobre padrões de recrutamento legislativo no Brasil. O ponto de partida consistiu de um exame dos dados biográficos dos deputados federais, eleitos ao longo de 14 legislaturas, entre 1946 e 1998. Procurou-se analisar a experiência política adquirida durante a carreira pública prévia e os vínculos de lealdade partidários firmados pelos parlamentares. A proposição que orienta a análise é de que a estrutura de oportunidades para o ingresso e mobilidade na carreira política, ao incrementar os níveis de circulação parlamentar e recrutamento lateral, tem contribuído para inibir a produção de bancadas coesas no Legislativo federal. / The purpose of this thesis is to accomplish a research concerning the legislative patterns of recruitment in Brazil. Departing from an inquiry of biographical data of federal representatives who were elected during 14 legislatures ( 1946/1998), we have attempted to analyse the political experience that the brazilian federal representatives acquire during their public careers as well as their loyalty party links. The premise that guides the analysis is that the estructure of opportunity of ascension in the political careers, provokes high levels of parliamentary turnover and of lateral pattern of recruitment. These characteristcs have inhibited cohesive benches in the Brazilian Congress.

O objetivo desta tese é empreender uma investigação sobre padrões de recrutamento legislativo no Brasil. O ponto de partida consistiu de um exame dos dados biográficos dos deputados federais, eleitos ao longo de 14 legislaturas, entre 1946 e 1998. Procurou-se analisar a experiência política adquirida durante a carreira pública prévia e os vínculos de lealdade partidários firmados pelos parlamentares. A proposição que orienta a análise é de que a estrutura de oportunidades para o ingresso e mobilidade na carreira política, ao incrementar os níveis de circulação parlamentar e recrutamento lateral, tem contribuído para inibir a produção de bancadas coesas no Legislativo federal. / The purpose of this thesis is to accomplish a research concerning the legislative patterns of recruitment in Brazil. Departing from an inquiry of biographical data of federal representatives who were elected during 14 legislatures ( 1946/1998), we have attempted to analyse the political experience that the brazilian federal representatives acquire during their public careers as well as their loyalty party links. The premise that guides the analysis is that the estructure of opportunity of ascension in the political careers, provokes high levels of parliamentary turnover and of lateral pattern of recruitment. These characteristcs have inhibited cohesive benches in the Brazilian Congress.

This study explored the perspectives of the representatives of teacher unions and school principals in the process of promotion of educators. The study aimed at highlighting how the representatives of teacher unions and principals understand their role in the promotion interview process, the challenges experienced and the factors they considered when recommending educators for promotion. This qualitative case study focused on one district in Mpumalanga Province. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews with two representatives of a teacher union and three school principals. The representatives of the teacher union comprised a branch secretary and a site steward. This study found that the principals performed their role in promotion interviews as stipulated in the Employment of Educators’ Act of 1998; however, they were skeptical about the activities of the union representatives who are tasked with the prescribed role of observer. Representatives of the teacher union felt that their role extended beyond that of passive observer during the promotion interview. There was evidence of lack of trust and a power struggle between the principals and the representatives of the teacher union which affected their relationship during and after the interview process. While the principals appeared capable of managing the interviews, the activities of the union representatives shaped the process and the outcome of the selection process. This study also found that although all participants mentioned academic qualifications, subject specialization, good communication skills, sound human relations and managerial skills as factors to consider when recommending teachers for promotion, possible nepotism threatened fair procedures during the promotion interview process. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

Better understanding the relationship between the results for the U.S. House of Representatives and for state executive offices could potentially be useful in predicting outcomes if a significant relationship is present and if one has more information about either the election for the U.S. House of Representatives candidate or the state executive office candidate. To better understand this relationship, election results were analyzed using regression models for three upper Midwest states - Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota - to compare the outcomes of the state executive office elections and the U.S. House of Representative elections. Additionally, median income was included in the models to see if this affected the relationship. Each state had a statistically significant relationship between the results of the state executive offices and the U.S. House of Representatives. Median income either was not statistically significant or not practically significant in overall effect on the relationship.

Scholars and political candidates have frequently viewed online political participation as a weaker and less meaningful form of political involvement than traditional, offline activities. This thesis presents an overview of the literature on political participation and the Internet in order to understand the origins of this view and why participation on social media may be uniquely meaningful in comparison with other Internet-based activities. Examination of social media using Resource Theory and Social Identity Theory justify this unique status by highlighting and rationalizing social media's exceptional capacity to build and maintain weak-tie networks while also generating an intimacy between constituents and candidates. Social Identity Theory also provides an argument for the potential of social media for reaching and mobilizing first-time participants through its capacity to passively reach and attract constituents for non-political, personal and identity-serving reasons. This thesis then shows how social media-enable first-time participants may be more inclined to continue and expanding their participation over time, thereby substantially affecting participation trends in the United States. Using case studies composed of qualitative data collected on candidate views of the Internet and social media in U.S. House campaigns, this thesis examines the state of Web campaigning in 2010 in comparison to the theoretically "archetypal" Web campaign in order to provide indications of whether the prescribed theoretical activities deliver meaningful citizen engagement and valuable returns to campaigns. / Master of Arts

At the outset of my studies, my goal was to look at women's role in the United States Federal Government. The study was to span from the inception of the United States Government to the present. The purpose of the study was to highlight the large gender gap in the United States Government. However, I soon found there to be an overwhelming amount of material to discuss. Realizing the limited amount of space I had to fit my findings, I narrowed the topic to women's role in the United States House of Representatives. Even with this narrowed scope, the gender gap in representation is obvious, and highlights the fact that America, even in the 21st Century, is not truly equal. The reason I mention the gender gap in the United States House of Representatives is not simply to dwell on the fact that one exists, but to discuss how and why it has remained a structural characteristic of the legislative body that is intended to be the closest to the people. In order to find answers to the questions aforementioned, it is necessary to discuss the evolution of ideals, principles, and beliefs possessed by the American population from 1776 to today. Even if there are no definitive answers to the questions posed above, it is my hope that the discussion will highlight the pivotal role of women in all stages of the United States' existence, and underline the importance of women's participation in the United States House of Representatives.

No description available.

Whereas, The United States Capitol Building has long been an iconic symbol of the American government and democracy worldwide. The building's design centers on the famous dome, designed by Thomas U. Walter, was completed during the American Civil War in 1863. Frederick Law Olmsted added a large terrace to the building as a part of his landscape in 1892. Olmsted's terrace was the last major addition to the Architecture of the Capitol Building and the icon of American government has been largely maintained since the turn of the 20th century, essentially frozen in time and symbolism. Yet the country has not been idle since the 1890's. The Capitol Building is a living symbol of American government and should therefore change with the American government. Whereas, One example of stalled symbols of change is the number of representatives in the House. This number, 435, has remained unchanged since 1913, despite the population more than tripling. The idea to expand the number of representatives gives the opportunity to update the House of Representatives for the modern era both structurally and architecturally through the addition of a new house chamber to the Capitol Building, just as Walter did over 150 years ago. Whereas, the Capitol Building represents a history of slavery, denied rights, and theft of Native lands and culture just as much as liberty, freedom, and self-determination of government. The lack of new construction means the Capitol has not been able to represent the last century of American history and progress from granting women the right to vote to its role in WWII to the rise of the internet, all monumentally important moments that changed the United States forever into a country and culture that deserves representation in our Capitol. Now, therefore be it resolved that this thesis proposes a new chamber for the House of Representatives to redefine the architecture of the Capitol Building and symbolize the century of history which has yet to be represented in the Capitol. The design process began with a detailed look into the history of the Capitol alongside the history of congress. The symbols embedded in the marble were products of their time, as were the laws and the representatives. Resolved that this project also questions the present and future of Congress. As much as the building serves as symbol and historical icon, it is also a working office building for the United States congress. Given the precipitous fall in congress' productivity over the past decades, the opportunity to provide a new building for the House also is an opportunity provide congress with a more functional space knowing their current chamber was built without electric lights. This new building aims to improve the capabilities of congress while being a symbol for the nation. Resolved that this thesis is about the idea of representing change. The nature of a democratic government is one of changing ideas and laws, and this project seeks to have the Capitol Building embody that aspect. Thomas Jefferson himself is known for saying rejecting change is like we "require a man to wear still the coat which fitted him when he was a boy". Congress needs a new coat. / Master of Architecture / The United States Capitol Building has long been an iconic symbol of the American government and democracy worldwide. The building's design centers on the famous dome, designed by Thomas U. Walter, was completed during the American Civil War in 1863. Frederick Law Olmsted added a large terrace to the building as a part of his landscape in 1892. Olmsted's terrace was the last major addition to the Architecture of the Capitol Building and the building has been maintained to look mostly the same ever since. Despite this, the United States has had many major events since 1892 and the Capitol has not had any representation of those events. One example of stalled symbols of change is the number of representatives in the House. Since 1913, the House of Representatives in Congress has had 435 representatives, despite the population more than tripling since then. Many have had the idea to increase this number and expand the House. This idea gives an opportunity to design a new, larger chamber for the House to meet in. This thesis proposes a new chamber to redefine the architecture of the Capitol Building and symbolize the century of history which has yet to be represented in the Capitol. The idea of making a new expansion to the iconic Capitol Building comes with challenges. One of the most obvious is the strong classical architecture. The United States has gone through many difficult fights and changes since the current building was finished and it would seem disingenuous to build a new section in the same way as the old. At the same time, the history and symbolism of the Capitol is important and needs to be respected. This new extension must honor both histories and yet also look to the future and decide what the symbol of America for the next hundred years should be. Alongside these questions of symbolism is a very pragmatic reality: Congress isn't popular. Approval ratings have plummeted in recent decades and show no signs of improvement. This thesis was done amid historic turmoil and record lows in productivity in the House. This thesis also begs the question of whether the building that Congress meets in can be part of the solution. The House Chamber, when completed, had no electric lighting, let alone C-SPAN cameras and smart phones in every lawmaker's pocket. This new extension aims to provide Congress with a workplace designed to address the difficulties it faces in keeping itself in order. As a whole, this thesis is about the idea of representing change. The nature of a democratic government is one of changing ideas and laws, and this project seeks to have the Capitol Building embody that aspect. Thomas Jefferson himself is known for saying rejecting change is like we "require a man to wear still the coat which fitted him when he was a boy". Congress needs a new coat.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / From the Well of the House analyzes the remaking of the House Republican Party into an aggressive, partisan organization. It explores how a new generation of Representatives elected after 1978 transformed the GOP, instituting a style of congressional politics that favored confrontation, media spectacle, and personal scandal. Following key actors, including Newt Gingrich, Bob Walker, Vin Weber, and the Conservative Opportunity Society, this dissertation explores key events and illustrates how the House Republican Conference changed from passive acceptance of their minority status to pugnacious fighters for the majority. Throughout their careers Gingrich and his Congressional allies promoted a style of politics in the House, first as backbenchers then from leadership positions, which advocated conflict and attack. They showed that aggression was a winning strategy and other Congressmen followed their lead. By examining in depth events that led the House Republican Conference to adopt a more confrontational stance, including the formation of the Conservative Opportunity Society, the use ofC-SPAN as an effective political weapon, the House Bank scandal, and conflicts with Speakers Tip O'Neill and Jim Wright and Presidents George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton, this dissertation demonstrates that the 1994 Republican Revolution was the product of more than a decade of dedication and hard work. While numerous scholars have analyzed the rise ofthe New Right and the conservative ascendancy in American politics after the 1970s, From the Well of the House breaks new ground by exploring this shift in the arena of Congressional politics. In so doing, it both elucidates the deep background of the House Republican Party's successful efforts to become a majority and establishes the significance of Congress in the transformation of recent American politics. / 2999-01-02

Orientador: Maria Lygia Quartim de Moraes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T09:58:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mano_MairaKubikTaveira_D.pdf: 3225011 bytes, checksum: 166d3984f99020e04017db071d3f7587 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Nessa tese, investigo a atuação da Bancada Feminina na Câmara dos Deputados na 54a Legislatura (2011-2014). Considero as parlamentares que a integram como sujeitos posicionados do mesmo lado da divisão sexual do trabalho e que se agrupam para fazer uma oposição sistemática à sua inferioridade hierárquica socialmente construída. São também, contudo, um coletivo heterogêneo. Dessa maneira, debruço-me sobre sua atuação para compreender suas convergências, divergências e limitações / Abstract: In this thesis, I investigate the activities of the "Bancada Feminina" of the House of Representatives in the 54th Legislature (from 2011 to 2014). I believe parliamentarian women are positioned on the same side of the sexual division of labor and that they formed this group to make a systematic opposition to its socially constructed hierarchical inferiority. They are, however, a heterogeneous collective. Therefore, I research their actions in order to understand their similarities and differences, as well as their limitations / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutora em Ciências Sociais