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Guidelines for gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies among reproductive age women in EthiopiaAbraham Alemayehu Gatta 18 November 2015 (has links)
Background
AIDS remains one of the world’s most serious health challenges affecting more females than men. The differences in the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among gender groups stem from biology, sexual behaviour and socially constructed
gender differences between women and men in roles and responsibilities, access to
resources and decision-making power. It could also be due to the females’ status in
society which could be justified by lower economic and decision making ability.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the role of gender in the spread
of HIV among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia; with the view of developing gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies.
Methods
The study used sequential mixed method with quantitative and qualitative paradigm.
During first phase of the study, health facility based descriptive cross-sectional study
design was used. Data was collected from 422 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Forty participants were recruited by purposive sampling from representatives working in reproductive health or related fields.
Results
About 83.2% of respondents reported that sexual intercourse discussion should be
initiated by male partners. This showed that majority of respondents were dependent on their male partners in decision-making regarding sexual matters in their relationship. Multiple sexual partners were common among the respondents. One third of the respondents reported to have had intercourse with more than one partner during the
past twelve months of the study period. Higher proportion of respondents (61.4%,
n=259) had never used condom during sexual intercourse with their partner/s. As a result these risky sexual practices are a potential threat for spread of HIV and AIDS among women. Thus developed guidelines would alleviate the existing problems
through implementation of strategies of HIV and AIDS prevention to enhance women’s
status at household and different administrative structure level.
Conclusion
Gender disparities in relation to negotiating sexual relations among the study respondents were found to be still relevant. The culture that has placed men at the helm of leadership in sexual matters is strongly upheld and that includes who recommends
use of preventive measures and who regulates when and how to enter into a sexual relationship. Guidelines for gender sensitive prevention strategies if applied appropriately would educate women and men to make decision about what directly affects their health / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Strategies to support positive sexual behaviour among adolescents attending high schools in EthiopiaAmare Bayeh Desta 11 1900 (has links)
The understanding of the patterns of association between positive sexual behaviours and
protective factors that have greater impact helps to design appropriate strategies not only
on positive sexual behaviour but also for reproductive health outcomes.
The purpose of the study was to explore the protective factors and develop strategies
to support positive sexual behaviours among high school adolescents.
A concurrent mixed method research design was employed to explore the protective
factors for positive sexual behaviours. A total of 990 adolescent students attending
regular classes were selected using systematic sampling technique for the quantitative
study and 33 focus group participants for qualitative study. Pre-tested, self-administered
questionnaire was used for the quantitative whereas focus group discussions were
employed for the qualitative phase. Protective factors were assessed at family,
community/ neighbourhood, school, peer and individual levels. Quantitative data was
analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression
analysis were employed to identify protective factors. Variables with significant
association in bivariate analysis were entered into logistic regression to control
confounding effects. The qualitative data management, analysis and interpretation
followed thematic analysis principles. Illuminating verbatim quotations used to illustrate
findings.
RESULTS: adolescents follow parents' rules about sexual activities [AOR=0.462, 95%CI:
0.285-0.748], authoritative [AOR=0.075, 95%CI: 0.021-0.265] and authoritarian
[AOR=0.091, 95%CI:0.025-0.331] parenting styles were protective factors. Adolescents’
communication with parents was more likely to have positive association [AOR=0.56,
95%CI:0.31-0.94] than counterparts. Parental greater monitoring [AOR=0.604,
95%CI:0.38-0.959], clear rules and consequences [AOR=0.378, 95%CI: 0.233-0.613]
and need for permission to go anywhere [AOR=0.387; 95%CI: 0.235-0.637] were
significantly associated.
School performance [AOR=0.141, 95%CI:0.055-0.362], perception that teachers are
supportive [AOR=0.447, 95%CI:0.266-0.752], sex education [AOR=0.424, 95%CI: 0.243-
0.742], people approved contraceptive use [AOR=0.319, 95%CI: 0.165-0.619] and
discussion with health workers on sexuality AOR=0.545, 95%CI:0.318-0.932] were
strongly associated with positive sexual behaviour. Positive sexual behaviour associated
with peer influence resulted in preferred later sexual debut [AOR=0.444, 95%CI: 0.248-
0.797] and bonding with peers AOR=0.531, 95%CI: 0.327-0.862]. / Health Studies / D. Lit. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Guidelines for gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies among reproductive age women in EthiopiaAbraham Alemayehu Gatta 18 November 2015 (has links)
Background
AIDS remains one of the world’s most serious health challenges affecting more females than men. The differences in the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among gender groups stem from biology, sexual behaviour and socially constructed
gender differences between women and men in roles and responsibilities, access to
resources and decision-making power. It could also be due to the females’ status in
society which could be justified by lower economic and decision making ability.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the role of gender in the spread
of HIV among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia; with the view of developing gender sensitive HIV and AIDS prevention strategies.
Methods
The study used sequential mixed method with quantitative and qualitative paradigm.
During first phase of the study, health facility based descriptive cross-sectional study
design was used. Data was collected from 422 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Forty participants were recruited by purposive sampling from representatives working in reproductive health or related fields.
Results
About 83.2% of respondents reported that sexual intercourse discussion should be
initiated by male partners. This showed that majority of respondents were dependent on their male partners in decision-making regarding sexual matters in their relationship. Multiple sexual partners were common among the respondents. One third of the respondents reported to have had intercourse with more than one partner during the
past twelve months of the study period. Higher proportion of respondents (61.4%,
n=259) had never used condom during sexual intercourse with their partner/s. As a result these risky sexual practices are a potential threat for spread of HIV and AIDS among women. Thus developed guidelines would alleviate the existing problems
through implementation of strategies of HIV and AIDS prevention to enhance women’s
status at household and different administrative structure level.
Conclusion
Gender disparities in relation to negotiating sexual relations among the study respondents were found to be still relevant. The culture that has placed men at the helm of leadership in sexual matters is strongly upheld and that includes who recommends
use of preventive measures and who regulates when and how to enter into a sexual relationship. Guidelines for gender sensitive prevention strategies if applied appropriately would educate women and men to make decision about what directly affects their health / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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