This master thesis focuses on the knowledge of reproductive health among middle schoolers in the targeted middle schools in the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part of my work, I define the term of reproduction health, describe physiology of female and male genitals, disorders in reproductive health, and types of methods -natural invasive- offered by anticonception. Another part of my thesis concerns on reproductive health related to a prostitution, and a sexual abuse, and pregnancy impact on teenage girls' bodies during pubescence. I track the representation of teaching reproductive health in middle schools through RSVP and its main goals in certain areas and key competencies. The goal of my thesis was to map out the knowledge of reproductive health among the students who have been taught this knowledge through a class. As a research methodology, I used a survey that was distributed among middle schoolers in the sixth to eight grades. The results of my survey show that the eighth graders have the most amount of knowledge about reproductive health, but somehow still lower than one might expect. For these reasons, my study intends to deepen the knowledge of reproductive health among middle school students through different projects that will expand students' practical and theoretical knowledge of...

The aim of the thesis is to determine the amount of economic rent for an apartment building in Jindřichův Hradec. Firstly, there is calculated the amount of the running coasts of the apartment house. As follows, the market survey in Jindřichův Hradec reveals the amount of rent in apartments of different sizes and dispositions. From the stated values it is determined the economic rent, which is compared with the real amount of the rent obtained by the owner of the apartment house.

The causative role of the huntingtin (HTT) gene in Huntington's disease (HD) has been identified more than 25 years ago. The extension of CAG repeat stretch over 39 repeats in exon 1 of one HTT allele results in full penetrance of this neurodegenerative disorder. While the identification of the causative mutation raised hopes that development of the therapeutic compound will be easily achievable, the patients and their families are still waiting for treatment until now. The main reason for that might be the complex cellular function HTT that makes the determination of the pathologic mechanism difficult and the development of treatments even more challenging. Although a lot of different animal models have been generated until now, establishing a suitable model has still not been achieved yet. Due to its anatomy, physiology, and genetics, the minipig seems to be a suitable candidate for neurodegenerative disease models. Indeed, the existing Transgenic (Tg) Libechov minipig model manifests signs typical for HD in patients, but on the other hand significant inconsistencies have also been observed. The finding of malformation that partially shows the situation in human patients is true for both, the male reproductive tract as well as for the brain. The reason for this might be the fact the genetic...

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Presented thesis is mainly concerned with the conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) in birds. CBP is an alternative reproductive strategy when a parasitic female lay egg or eggs to other (host) female's nest of the same species. Then the parasitic female leaves the host's nest and does not provide any energetic investment in a subsequent parental care. Distinguish parasitic eggs or young is problematic because there are no obvious morphological differences. Thus, the use of molecular method is crucial for proper determination of CBP. CBP can be used as 'a best-of-bad-job' when female does not have her own nest or lost her nest for example through predation. Other option is that female can increase her fecundity ('fecundity enhancement' hypothesis) when she lay parasitic egg/eggs and care about her own clutch afterward. Two different model species were studied. The first one was a precocial diving duck - the common pochard (Aythya ferina; Anseriformes; Anatidae). Protein fingerprinting was used for detection of CBP and for distinguishing between eggs of individual females. It was found that the rate of CBP was relatively high in this species (91%, 72%; Chapter 1, 4). Further results indicated that the host clutch size decreased with the number of parasitic eggs in the clutch. The study of individual...

The aim of the project was to test female advantages of promiscuous and/or polyandrous mating. Although, previous studies reported improved reproductive success of females copulating with multiple males in many model species, including Eublepharis macularius, this study failed to demonstrate such a benefit of polyandry. Traits reflecting female reproductive success, i.e. the number of produced eggs, egg mass, hatchability, hatchling mass, growth and survival were not influenced by copulation with multiple partners, but some of them were dependent on female condition. Only initial stages of juvenile growth were influenced by female identity and/or investment.

The causative role of the huntingtin (HTT) gene in Huntington's disease (HD) has been identified more than 25 years ago. The extension of CAG repeat stretch over 39 repeats in exon 1 of one HTT allele results in full penetrance of this neurodegenerative disorder. While the identification of the causative mutation raised hopes that development of the therapeutic compound will be easily achievable, the patients and their families are still waiting for treatment until now. The main reason for that might be the complex cellular function HTT that makes the determination of the pathologic mechanism difficult and the development of treatments even more challenging. Although a lot of different animal models have been generated until now, establishing a suitable model has still not been achieved yet. Due to its anatomy, physiology, and genetics, the minipig seems to be a suitable candidate for neurodegenerative disease models. Indeed, the existing Transgenic (Tg) Libechov minipig model manifests signs typical for HD in patients, but on the other hand significant inconsistencies have also been observed. The finding of malformation that partially shows the situation in human patients is true for both, the male reproductive tract as well as for the brain. The reason for this might be the fact the genetic...

Interaction of genes and culture is crucial for human evolution. Human ethnic groups and subcultures frequently function as discrete units, and people clearly distinguish between in- group and out-group individuals on a cultural basis. This thesis aims to model the formation of distinct cultural clusters, cultural equivalents of distinct species. Historical development of theories of blending inheritance led to the formation of biometric parallels to Mendelism. Galton-Pearson model of nonparticulate inheritance with constant offspring variance, the most influential model of continuous inheritance ever formulated, was based on measurements of genetically transmitted traits. Ronald Fisher later demonstrated, that this type of inheritance directly stems from polygenic traits with additive genetic variance. Dan Sperber's metaphor of culture space allows integrating any continuous models of position inheritance into computer simulations of the evolution of culture. Most studies today, however, employ particulate models of cultural inheritance. The exceptional works of Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman pioneer the continuous models of cultural inheritance applying Galton-Pearson model to culture. Galton-Pearson inheritance is, unfortunately, not a very good model of cultural transmission. Parental...

Molecular techniques have revealed that avian mating system is more diverse and complex than previously thought. Both males and females can use alternative reproductive tactics to increase their fitness. Here, we have determined the prevalence of conspecific brood parasitism (CBP, 22% of nests), quasi-parasitism (QP, 6.5% of nests) and extra-pair paternity (EPP, 51.2% of nests) in European subspecies of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica rustica). In contrast to EPP and CBP, QP is rare and has been described in only a few bird species. Our data indicate nonrandom QP patterns, suggesting that this tactic can be considered a third alternative reproductive strategy, alongside CBP and EPP. Sexual ornaments are usually assumed to evolve as condition-dependent signals of individual quality. In this context, a positive correlation between the expression of ornamental traits and survival, is expected. Evolutionary theory predicts that females seek extra-pair fertilizations from high-quality (more ornamented) males and EPP has consequently been proposed as a principal protagonist in the evolution of male secondary sexual traits, however empirical evidence in support of the assertion is relatively scarce. Despite decades of research into the role of EPP in sexual selection, the potential fitness advantages for...

Reproductive health and induced abortion in Latin America and the Caribbean Abstract The objective of this study is to give a comprehensive overview of the reproductive health of the population living in Latin America and the Caribbean, and to evaluate the level of induced abortion in the region at the same time. In the theoretical part of the study the term reproductive health is defined and indicators evaluating its level are described. As well the difference between safe and unsafe abortion is explained and the state of abortion law is expounded in this part. Next part is devoted to the promotion of family planning programs. In the analytical part Latin American and Caribbean countries are divided into four groups by using cluster analysis. Within each group one selected country is characterized in more detail. Indicators entering into the analysis show the level of reproductive health, the level of fertility and the economic performance of countries in the early 21st century. In the part related to the induced abortion rate in the region is discovered that despite the fact that in Latin America and the Caribbean there is one of the highest levels of contraceptive prevalence, there is also the highest level of induced abortion in the world. In the last part of the study the relationship between level of...