Key Words: migration, gender, transnational motherhood, care work, reproductive remmitences, Ukrainian female migrants in the Czech Republic Abstract: The aim of my dissertation is to analyze how gender operates in transnational spaces, and what impacts it has on the experience of motherhood and the formation of new gender identities. I will try to describe how transnational Ukrainian mothers narratively construct and emphasise their experiences with transnational motherhood. I will also focus my attention on the social practices of transnational motherhood and social conditions of female care migration in the Czech Republic.

Protection of reproductive rights in the case law of European Court of Human Rights Abstract Irrespective of the fact that reproduction and sexuality are very intimate issue for each person, reproductive rights very often face restrictions, doubts, and attacks. This is also the case in Europe. Hence this paper deals with the topic of protection of reproductive rights in Europe, more specifically with the stance on the protection of these rights by the European Court of Human Rights. The aim of this paper is to explore the stance of ECHR on the protection of these rights. The author of the paper asks the research question: What is the position of ECHR regarding the protection of reproductive rights? At the same time, the paper points out to certain defects in the Czech legal regulation which could, arguably, lead to violation of the European Convention on Human Rights. The paper uses the method of critical analysis on the decisions of ECHR and evaluates the significance of these decisions. The paper uses the case law of ECHR as the primary source while drawing on subsidiary sources such as international organizations' documents or academic articles. Reproductive rights are examined through the human-rights approach with the emphasis on the women's rights in this area. This paper is divided into three parts....

The requirements of true frogs on breeding sites were monitored at 19 locations in the Hradec Králové Region and the Central Bohemia Region and Vysočina Region. Specific sites were selected according to the high variability. Breeding sites are mutually different representation of true frogs, water volume, depth, water and surrounding vegetation. The data of oviposition three different species of czech frogs - moor frog (Rana arvalis), agile frog (Rana dalmatina) and common frog (Rana temporaria) - were collected in the spring months, from the end of March until the end of April, from 2012 to 2015. During this period were collected data from 927 egg clutches of these species. The data were obtained by non-invasive way - measuring of inividual clutches directly on the reproductive site. At each breeding site was also recorded the required parameters of the breeding pond and the surrounding environment (presence of true frogs, the water volume and depth of the pond, the presence and density of aquatic vegetation, surrounding vegetation, air and water temperature, pH value of water, etc.). The results presented in this work confirm that the three species of true frogs have, in some parameters, different standards to select of breeding sites. This clarification of species- specific claims is also...

A Second Child in the Family - the Consequences of Changing Family and Fertility Patterns in the Czech Republic Anna Šťastná Abstract The theme of this study is the two-child family model and second order births in the context of a changing Czech society. The study investigates the conditions and context surrounding the birth of a second child and the general values associated with children and focuses on selected factors associated with the decision-making process surrounding having a second child including the factors that a woman takes into account when deciding whether to have another child. Furthermore, the author studies the determinants of having a second child in Czech society and the relationship between the likelihood of the birth of a second child and different micro-level covariates and attempts to provide an explanation of the processes acting upon second childbearing through interaction with education and partnerships/union dynamics. The thesis is divided into three thematic sections. Following the introductory chapters, the first part of the study addresses fertility patterns in the Czech Republic, societal conditions and theoretical concepts which deal with possible explanations for changing fertility behaviour. The second part of the study considers decision-making processes and value...

The purpose of my graduation theses on the theme ? sheep breending at the ecological farm? was toanalyze the level of uses properities sheep and economic indicators at the ecological farm Račín situated in mountain part of Šumava. The detail information from studies of the technical literature specialized on ecological agriculture were brought out to analyze the whole questions of sheep breending at the ecological farm Račín. Meat yield was evaluated . The evaluation of reproduction was based on four basic reproductive indexes. The weight of 100 days old sheep and the production of wool were detected by scaling. Detected values were lower in most of indexes than published indexes. This fact is connected with detected inadequacies of lairage, nutrition and breending organization. Steps were suggested to eliminate these inaquacies and to innovate the level of breending in conclusion.

My thesis "The Analysis of the Genetic Source of the Prestice Black-Pie Pig" deals with the evaluation of the population of the Prestice Black-Pie pigs from the point of view of their numbers, the structure of their population and their reproductive qualities, using the data of the Association of Pig Breeders in Bohemia and Moravia. First the carcass value and meat quality of this original Czech meat bacon breed were evaluated and then a slaughter dissection and laboratory analyses of the meat from the analyzed group of pigs were done. The numbers of PBP pigs have increased significantly especially since 2012 and so has the number of the farms; however in many of them there are fewer than 10 PBP pigs. This is why the PBP pig breeding is rather fragmented and it is difficult to sustain sufficient genetic diversity of the closed population. This is also connected with unequal numbers of the 10 genealogical lines. The Akoga and Amperor lines were the most numerous. Since 2015 the numbers of pigs from different lines have been more balanced. In 2016 two sows from the renewed Apolon line, which had been born from a cryopreserved seed, were put in the farms. The influence of the line was evidential in the statistics: in reproduction as well in productive qualities. Therefore, to sustain sufficient genetic diversity in a small population we need to keep in the stock the maximum number of equally represented genealogical lines. A detailed analysis of reproductive indicators of the years 2013 - 2016 found 9.4 piglets born alive and 8.7 weaned piglets, the farrowing interval of 181 days, the average values of relevant indicators did not meet the requirements of the breeding objective; only one farm met them. Statistically speaking, there were significant differences between the individual farms. In bigger farms there were higher reproductive qualities. Between 1998 and 2016 the average daily gain in weight was 530 g for gilts, 578 g for boars, the muscle fibre ratio for gilts was 58.5 % and for boars 59.3 %, the back fat thickness was the same for both, 1.1 cm. The requirements of the breeding objective were met, except for the lower weight gain for gilts. The average daily weight gain between the years 2009 and 2013 for 577 gilts was 524 g, the average muscle fibre ratio was 59.1 % and the average back fat thickness was 1.03 cm; in all indicators there were statistically evidential differences between individual farms. In bigger farms the muscle fibre share was higher by 0.9 %. In a group of PBP pigs I studied the influence of slaughter weight and gender on carcass value. The statistics clearly showed that the bigger the slaughter weight was, the higher the back fat thickness was, and also the higher the weight of meat parts was, but the share of meat parts was reduced, and the area of MLLT increased, too. The slaughter weight had no influence on the muscle fibre share. The statistics also showed that with the increase in slaughter weight there was an increase in drip loss and the meat was tenderer. There was also a statistically inconclusive increase in intramuscular fat. The statistics also showed that the barrows in the analyzed group had a lot higher average daily gain, a statistically inconclusive higher back fat thickness, lower share of muscle fibre and a statistically conclusive lower share of ham and higher share of intramuscular fat. In the meat of the analyzed group of pigs I studied the content of fatty acids. There was a higher share of undersaturated fatty acids and a high share of n-6 PUFA:n-3 PUFA, which is not considered satisfactory from the nutritional viewpoint.

Infertility is the inability to achieve a pregnancy. WHO classify infertility into two groups. Primary infertility is the term used to describe a couple that has never been able to conceive a pregnancy, after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse. Secondary infertility describes couples who have previously been pregnant at least once, but have not been able to achieve another pregnancy. Causes of infertility include a wide range of physical as well as emotional factors. Approximately 30 - 40% of all infertility is due to a "male" factor such as retrograde ejaculation, impotence hormone deficiency, environmental pollutants, scarring from sexually transmitted disease, or decreased sperm count. A "female" factor -- scarring from sexually transmitted disease or endometriosis, ovulation dysfunction, poor nutrition, hormone imbalance, ovarian cysts, pelvic infection, tumor or transport system abnormality from the cervix through the fallopian tubes -- is responsible for 40 - 50% of infertility in couples. The remaining 10 -30% of infertility cases may be caused by contributing factors from both partners, or no cause can be identified. This dissertation has two main goals. The first goal is to describe how a couple face up to their problems with infertility. The second goal is that this dissertation can be used as a study material for social and medical employees. This dessertation is based on a qualitative research. I used a method CAMI {--} communication through the use of computer. The observational goup were people disccusing at www.neplodnost.cz.

The purpose of my graduation theses on the theme {\clqq} sheep breending at the ecological farm`` was to analyze the level of uses properities sheep at the ecological farm Slunečná situated in mountain part of Šumava. The detail information from studies of the technical literature specialized on ecological agriculture were brought out to analyze the whole questions of sheep breending at the ecological farm Slunečná. Lacteous utility was judged in term of amount of drawen milk, process of lactational curve was judged in the following way. The evaluation of reproduction was based on four basic reproductive indexes. The weight of 100 days old sheep and the production of wool were detected by scaling. Detected values were lower in most of indexes than published indexes. This fact is connected with detected inadequacies of lairage, nutrition and breending organization. Steps were suggested to eliminate these inaquacies and to innovate the level of breending in conclusion.

The main goal of all milk cattle breeders is herd making profit {--} the herd with good reproduction and consequent high production performance. Such a goal can only be reached if the herd is of quality genetic base. Cow{\crq}s milk performance is one of important factors influencing final economic results of milk production. The aim of this Diploma work was to examine lactation course and level as well as reproduction of high-performance Czech pied diary cows with regards to their genetic base. The diary cows (190 pieces) on lactation within 27th March 2008 {--} 13th June 2008 were examined. The examined cows were divided into three groups based on number of their lactation. These groups with cows on 1st, 2nd, 3rd lactation were further divided with regards to their genetic base into herd groups registered as C1 and C2. The sub-herd group C100 was isolated from C1 herd group. To each lactation group, 2{--}3 bulls were assigned based on the highest number of daughters in specific lactation group. Minimum criterion for bull assignment to lactation group was set on at least 5 daughters in the group. Reproduction performance was examined in these groups. The milk performance was evaluated based on 305 days usage, lactation curve persistence index and the lactation curve course in individual groups. The herd-group C2 with highest genetic base of diary breed proved the best results in all lactation groups with regards to reproductive performance. The best results were reached on 3rd lactation. The link between genetic base and reproduction performance of Czech pied cattle was not proved. Neither the link between genetic base and milk performance was proved. The influence of lactation number on most of examined factors was proved. The father{\crq}s influence on reproduction or milk performance was not clearly proved. However, the results may be distorted for lack of diary cows in groups examined under this criterion. Finally, the direct link between reproductive and milk performance was also not clearly proved. To summarize our results, we can state that the diary cows in examined herd were above the milk performance average of Czech pied cattle bred in Czech Republic. At the same time, the reproduction performance was just on average of Czech Republic.

The thesis deals with the hemiparasitic species Melampyrum pratense. This species was monitored during the growing season 2009 and the relationship between morphological characteristics and reproductive success of plant individuals was assessed. The relationships between population density, the vegetative biomass and the investments in generative reproduction were investigated. Identity of the host species was determined using the DNA barcoding method.