The aim of this thesis is an analysis of fertility of 1st order in the Czech Republic at period 1950 2014 including international comparision, an enumeration of cohort fertility and also analysis of structure and count of households according to number of childern. The thesis is divided into four parts for accomplishment of the aim. The first part focuses the theoretical interpretation and the analysis of fertility of order in the Czech Republic using indicators like number of live birth, total fertility rate, mean age of birth and portion of children born inside or outside of marriage. The second part compares level of fertility of 1st order in European countries according to NIDI 1999. The third part deals with cohort fertility which is ilustrated with complete cohort fertility rate and mean age at birth. The fourth part analyzes structure and count of complete and incomplete family households according to number of children. All parts are commented with context of progression of reproductive behaviour

Cockroaches are not considered typical plant pollinators, however, there are some exceptions to this rule. One of them is the South American species Amazonina platystylata, which is known for pollinating a dioecious shrub Clusia blattophila. This clusia is quite abundant on the Nouragues inselberg in French Guyana and is endemic there. In my research I was focused on the plant-animal communication. The aim of this thesis was to find possible behavioural response to the flower scent of clusia or to the compounds of flower scent, as clusia flowers differ in compounds of scent. Male flowers produce acetoin as a major compound. This compound is also found in female flowers but only at lower levels and in the first night of flowering. When acetoin was added to two days old female flowers, the amount of cockroaches' visits in such flowers increased to the same level as observed on male flowers. Until now there were no records about biology of this cockroach species and neither was morphology of their glands described. I have found out that both males and females of A. platystylata have tergal modification on the 7th to 8th tergite; a modification that could be connected to their glands. Evaporation plate on the first tergal shield in A. platystylata is described in this thesis for the first time. Key...

Thanks to the progress in genetic methods in population ecology, many critical discoveries were recently made in the field of reproductive strategies of social insect. Among them is the description of mixed reproductive strategies, combining advantages of sexual reproduction with thelytokous parthenogenesis. The queens of such species produce sterile castes through classical sexual process from fertilized eggs, while future queens develop asexually from unfertilized eggs. This original breeding system was first described in several genera of ants, but it was found very recently, that it is not restricted to social Hymenoptera, since it has been identified also in the phylogenetically remote eusocial clade of termites. Switching between the sexual process and thelytokous parthenogenesis, now known as Asexual Queen Succession (AQS), which enables a continuity of genetically almost identical queen generations after the death of the founding primary queen, was first reported only in one genus of lower termites, i.e. Reticulitermes. Recently, our research group participated at the identification of AQS in four other species from two subfamilies in higher termites. One of these species is Silvestritermes minutus. This species is locally abundant in French Guiana and lives in small, well shaped nests on...

The male gametes (sperms) are under strong sexual selection and are therefore very diverse in their morphology and often differ even amongst closely related species. Sperms are thus assumed to play very important role in reproductive isolation between species, due to their fast evolution in morphology. In my master thesis, I have studied the possible role of sperm morphology divergence in reproductive isolation in two sister species of passerine birds, the common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the thrush nightingale (L. luscinia). The areas of these species overlap in secondary contact zone running across central and Eastern Europe, where they occasionally hybridize. I have compared sperm morphology of males of both species originating in allopatric and sympatric localities as well as interspecies hybrids. The results showed significant differences in total sperm length which is approximately 20 % longer in the common nightingale. That is caused by great interspecies divergence in midpiece (containing mitochondria) length. Interspecific hybrids showed sperms with intermediate length but despite expectations completely morphologically normal. This outcome corresponds with observed fertility in F1 hybrid males. What I consider to be an essential finding is a significant divergence in head...

The motility of male gametes (sperm) is one of the important factors influencing the reproductive success of males. Because sperms are often subjected to strong postmating sexual selection and even closely related species often differ in sperm morphology, sperm motility could also differ between species, which may contribute to reproductive isolation between species. As part of my diploma thesis, I studied sperm motility in two closely related species of songbirds, the common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia). These two species of nightingales are an ideal model system because the areas of these two species overlap in the secondary contact zone across Central and Eastern Europe, where they occasionally hybridize and thus allow the study of speciation mechanisms in the natural environment. Both species also differ greatly in total sperm length. As part of my diploma thesis, I studied the possible influence of different sperm morphology on their motility. I further tested whether the motility of nightingale sperm differs in the fluid from the cloaca of a female of the same species and a different species, which would demonstrate the presence of postmating prezygotic reproductive isolation between species. The results of my work showed that despite the...

The diploma thesis conceptualizes an experience of women with assisted reproduction and services offered in fertility clinics. The assisted reproduction is a medical method treating infertility. The scientific progress and the usage of new reproductive technologies bring up broad possibilities in reproduction. Regarding the biological explanation of human's life, the biomedicine discourse represents a dominant approach in reproduction and claims control over a conception of a new life. Women undergoing the assisted reproduction, which is offered in case of infertility, face new challenges related to social, economic, ethical, and legal issues. The major goal of this thesis is the analysis of an experience of women with assisted reproduction in state-funded and private fertility clinics while applying a feminist critical reading. Qualitative research is based on semi-structured interviews with women who have turned to medical experts for help and underwent the assisted reproduction or other reproductive methods to increase a chance of conception. Key words: assisted reproduction, reproduction, women's experience, reproductive medicine, fertility, gender, poststructuralism

Key Words: migration, gender, transnational motherhood, care work, reproductive remmitences, Ukrainian female migrants in the Czech Republic Abstract: The aim of my dissertation is to analyze how gender operates in transnational spaces, and what impacts it has on the experience of motherhood and the formation of new gender identities. I will try to describe how transnational Ukrainian mothers narratively construct and emphasise their experiences with transnational motherhood. I will also focus my attention on the social practices of transnational motherhood and social conditions of female care migration in the Czech Republic.

My thesis deals with reproductive politics of socialist Czechoslovakia, focusing on the effect of abortion committees decision and its members in matter of legality of abortions since 1957. The theoretical part summarize knowledge about reproductive policy of socialist Czechoslovakia and the effect of abortion committees. The empirical part includes interviews with witnesses who had personal experience with abortion committees. Interviews are analyzed by means of encryption techniques inspired by grounded theory. The thesis includes analysis of six interviews with applicant of abortion, one interview with a partner of the applicant, five interviews with doctors - gynecologists and one with a former member of abortion committee. This thesis also process documents of National population comitee regarding on abortion comitees issues. Keywords: gender, reproductive politics, socialism, abortion, abortion committee, witnesses, social benefits

In the process of property appraising, the material value of a building is usually set in these ways: - through a proceeding in compliance with the regulation to the law on property appraising without considering the coefficient of marketability (Kp), - through a detailed item budget or with the aid of aggregated items, - through a calculation based on technical-economic indicators (THU). In all cases, calculation of wear based on the age of the building or its parts is applicated without sufficient considering the real technical condition of the building. The thesis is concerned with working out a more precise option of the last mentioned way of setting material value of a building, i.e.on the base of price indicators. The aim of the thesis is to suggest a method of property appraising through an alternative way that would more precisely consider the real technical condition of the building and its wear. This aim can be reached by using a set of differentiated price indicators and by giving precision to the calculation of wear deduction based on evaluation of the real technical condition of defined particular parts of the building. To reach this aim, the thesis suggests a procedure of using price indicators from the Catalogue of buildings and compounds, a procedure of dividing a building into functional segments, and a procedure of setting wear deduction based on real defects of functional segments and on the level of their degradation. The thesis follows results of a grant task Optimalization of technical-economic characteristic of a building, on which the author participated in a close cooperation with the Qualiform company, RTS company and the Institute of Construction Economics and Control of VUT FAST.

Hybrid sterility is one of the reproductive isolation mechanisms restricting gene flow between the related species and leading to speciation. PR domain containing 9 (Prdm9), the only known vertebrate hybrid sterility gene, determines the sites of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and thus specifies hotspots of meiotic recombination but in hybrids between two mouse subspecies causes failure of meiotic chromosome synapsis and hybrid male sterility. In the present study on sterile hybrids, the five smallest autosomes were more prone to asynapsis. To manipulate with the synapsis rate, random stretches of consubspecific homology were inserted into several autosomal pairs. Twenty seven or more megabases of consubspecific sequence fully restore synapsis in a given autosome. Further, at least two symetric DN double-strand breaks per chromosome were necessary for successful synapsis. Moreover, F1 hybrids had sperm when synapsis was rescued in at least three of four segregating chromosomes. To verify the assumption of a lack of symmetric DSBs in meiotic chromosomes of sterile males the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin was used to induce exogenous DNA DSBs. Cells treated with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of cisplatin showed increased number of DSBs monitored by immunostaining of RPA and DMC1 sites and...