The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the reproductive performance over the period from 2007 to 2010 in selected Suffolk sheep. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of records kept in the selected breeding sheep at Agris Markvarec s r.o. and on own observations. During the reporting period was evaluated 1115 ewes, which were monitored the following parameters such as fertilization, fertility, intensity, rearing of lambs, infertility, ewes lambing, percentage of sheep abortions, stillborn lambs, mortality, percentage of breeding lambs and percentages of sheep by percent occurrence of the cast. There was also observed age structure of the ewes, the dependence of age on fertility of ewes and the effect of father mother on her fertility. In the observed breeding was found the following results, which are presented as an average over the reporting period, so the percentage of fertilization is 91.2%, fertility 145.2% and rearing 81.3%. The percentage of idleness of sheep is 8.8%, which directly affected the percentage of the intensity, which is 118.3% and the lambing percentage, which ranks lower value 81.2%. A relatively high percentage was achieved in postnatal mortality, which is 11.4%. Percentage of sheep abortions in the average is 5.4% and the percentage of stillborn lambs is 4.9%. Breeding lambs 92.3%. The effect of age of ewes on fertility was confirmed by F - test for the significance level of p ? 0,05. Subsequent testing has been demonstrated median significant differences between groups of ewes aged 2 and 3 years and between age groups 3 and 5 years. On the same level of significance was also demonstrated effects of father mother on fertility of mother and on the basis of the results was found that the lowest average fertility rates in the ewes, their father is out of line Yog (110%) and conversely the highest fertility rate (170,8%) is achieved for mothers whose father is out of line Harald. Further testing, which was focused on the effect of age of breeding ewes and breeding year in terms of the father´s line on the mother's fertility wasn´t demonstrated.

The aim was to assess the effect of condition of sows on subsequent reproductive performance. Fitness was assessed based on subjective evaluation using a five-point scale from 1 to 5. Rating condition was performed in a group of around 162 pieces by the current cast piglet always for the reproductive period before birth and before weaning, at intervals during 2009 and 2010. The company has been annually monitored and backfat thickness of sows selected for the period before birth and before weaning. The results of subjective assessment of condition of sows found that sows in the measured density reached an optimal condition in the range of 3,5 to 4 points. The best condition in sows before parturition was on the 3rd, 4th and 7 litter. Before weaning sows were fit from 2,5 to 3,5 points. In the period before weaning reached 450 sows condition 3 with an average of 13,14 pieces of piglets born to 10,21 piglets born alive. In assessing the data on the height of back fat measured now been found that the examined sows ranged average amount of fat in the range of optimum condition for each reproductive period before parturition 19,85 mm, 16,52 mm before weaning, and the difference was 3,33 mm. The statistics were revealed in the amount of fat before birth dependent on the number of piglets (p=0.02), which is statistically significant indicator. At the height of the fat before weaning (p=0.65), the relationship is statistically insignificant. The biggest statistical dependence (p=0.00) difference was found in fat, which tells us that with increasing height of fat before birth increases the amount of fat before weaning. In the last part of the data on the reproductive performance compared to those undertaking trade mark under the key ?reproduction?. It was found that the company has a prejty good level of breeding, despote some fluctuatins in farming losses as a percentage of piglets and sows pregnancy. The company reached the average (between 2008 and 2010) in weaned piglets per sow and year of 21,23 pc, live born piglets per sow and year of 25,37 pc at 2,33 litters per sow per year, but has a large loss of suckling piglets , an average of 10,32 % and 3,78 % rearing, the percentage of sows insemination was 80 % of the company, should be min. 85 %. Due to deteriorating indicators monitored the implementation of an enterprise for restocking.

Arsenophonus is vertically and horizontally transmitted parasitic bacteria and strengthens its transfer through phenomenon called son killing. Arsenophonus has been detected in the arthropod hosts, insects, ticks and the garden spider Araneus diadematus. The aim of this study is detection parasitic bacteria Arsenophonus in honeybees and its parasite Varroa destructor. We find out that bacteria Arsenophonus is present in both hosts and it is identified as Arsenophonus nasoniae. Detection of bacteria Arsenophonus is discovered for the first time in Varroa destructor mites. We proved that the frequency of bacteria Arsenophonus in mites Varroa destructor is significantly higher than in honeybees. This study shows that the mite Varroa destructor could act as a vector for transmission parasitic bacteria Arsenophonus among honeybees. Results of this study could lead to the future application of Arsenophonus as a biological control for the mite Varroa destructor.

Communication among animals often relies on visible signals and the ability to compatibly perceive them. Correct signal perception is especially important for animals with male sexual selection. In my master's thesis, I am addressing the issue of how does a male golden-ringed dragonfly (Cordulegaster boltonii) recognize a female of the same kind and therefore, what is the main trigger of copulation behavior. Dragonflies display a wide variety of colors and possess very big eyes. These characteristics already suggest that they are very liable on color vision (Futahashi, 2015). Their sight is perfectly developed within the insect class and plays the most important role in the imagines in comparison to other senses. The ability to orient themselves using sight is not just important for orientation in space, nonetheless it is important for reproduction. Since golden-ringed dragonflies do not demonstrate visible color dimorphism, previous as well as my research suggests that the key role for female reconnaissance is primarily their typical movement above water surface during oviposition. In my research, I presented variable types of lure - females to male golden-ringed dragonflies and I observed what is the foremost trigger of reproduction behavior in the males. Besides the above mentioned female...

Extra-pair paternity, resulting from sexual promiscuity, is frequently detected in socially monogamous passerines. Previous studies on extra-pair paternity in birds have identified several traits correlated with increased fertilization success of males. However, the effect of experimental manipulation of ornament expression on male fertilization success has only seldom been evaluated. The aim of this thesis is to reveal the potential link between the size of a trait suposedly playing a role in female mate choice decision and male fertilization success in collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), using experimental manipulation of male forehead white patch size. In addition, mating success, mating speed of the manipulated and control individuals and size of a brood (a proxy for female reproductive investments) were evaluated. Results indicate that forehead patch size manipulation did not affect male social pairing success (mating speed), his social mate reproductive investments (brood size) or male extra-pair and within-pair fertilization success. Keywords: extra-pair paternity, sexual selection, reproductive success, collared flycatcher

This thesis deals with the sphenopterid types of ferns from the Czech Carboniferous basins. Thesis is presented as a combination of two published papers in peer-reviewed journals, one manuscript in review and one manuscript ready for submission. The actual text of the thesis is a general introduction with introduction to the study subject of sphenopterid ferns, methodology, studied type collections, terminology and the result of my study. The introduction of the thesis provides a general overview of the ferns and history of their studies. All four papers presented here are focussed on modern redescription, redefinition, emendation and revision of genera Boweria Kidston, Dendraena Němejc, Sturia Němejc. Based on the revision of these genera, following two new genera were established: Kidstoniopteris gen.nov. and Paraszea gen.nov. A new species Boweria nowarudensis has been described during the course of this study. The "whole plant concept" was applied to all studied specimens, which allows to obtain as much information on the ferns morphology, anatomy, and reproductive organs as possible. This was combined with data on in situ spores as well as sedimentological and petrological analyses. The sporangial cells as annulus, stomium and apical cells and in situ spores were described for all genera and...

Chapter 3 Summary - shrnutí English and Czech summaries (abstracts) of the thesis. 3.1 English abstract Genus Taraxacum (Asteraceae), having ∼60 sections and 2,800 species, is known for its complicated evolutionary relationships and taxonomy due to processes like frequent hy- bridization, polyploidization, asexual reproduction, clonality and low structural morpho- logical variability. Various taxonomical concepts and approaches are reviewed, evaluated and discussed from point of view of their ability to deal with such a complicated genera as is Taraxacum. Various processes responsible for the complicated situation within Taraxacum are discussed and reviewed. Section Dioszegia, comprising T. serotinum and its allies, are an exception because only sexuals are reported for all the members of this group. On the basis of the analysis of mi- crosatellite (SSRs) variation, distribution and morphology, we addressed problems related to their mode of reproduction, among-population relationships, taxonomy and within- population variation. As a rule, outcrossing was the dominant mode of reproduction, with one notable exception: T. serotinum subsp. tomentosum (≡ T. pyrrhopappum) was autogamous and not heterozygous. A taxonomic revision of sect. Dioszegia recognizes T. serotinum subsp. serotinum (including an aberrant...

In plants, translation regulation plays an important role during progamic phase, fertilization and seed development. The process of translation is mostly regulated in its initiation phase, where Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is the largest and most complex initiation factor, consisting of 12 different subunits. In plants, single eIF3 subunit mutants caused various growth and development defects, depending on the particular subunit that was mutated. However, not all the plant eIF3 subunits were characterized to this date. The objective of this work was to functionally characterize the eIF3 subunit A using Arabidopsis thaliana as the main model plant. We described in this work that plant eIF3A proteins share high levels of homology and domain organization with eIF3A subunits from non-plant eukaryotic species but contain regions specific only to plants. Next we described that Arabidopsis thaliana AteIF3A gene is transcribed in highly proliferating tissues, its protein product localizes to cytoplasm and around pollen vegetative cell nucleus and observed an increased frequency of defective pollen grains and defects in seed formation in plants with T-DNA insertion localized to the AteIF3A gene. We also produced stable transgenic Nicotiana tabacum lines expressing heterologous AteIF3A...

This thesis describes relatively new method of assisted reproduction. Uterus transplantation is viewed from feminist perspective, and its potential benefits and risks in wider ethical and social contexts on theoretical level are being considered. It reveals how womanhood and motherhood are constructed in different discourses in context of uterine transplantation through critical reading and thinking. By using of critical discourse analysis I focus on texts produced on this subject in the popular and professional discourse and reveal what kind of gender stereotypes and constructs they are using to support their arguments. These areas of our everyday lives have great power in society and influence the way we perceive and construct reality and thus participate in its creation. Key words: Uterus transplantation, infertility, motherhood, reproductive technology, gender roles

TITLE: Motherhood of Under Age Girls AUTHOR: Pavla Skasková DEPARTMENT: Department of Psychology SUPERVISOR: PhDr. PaedDr. Anna Kucharská, Ph.D. The dissertation is focused on phenomenon of motherhood in adolescence. In the Czech Republic nearly one thousand children are given birth every year by mothers who according to current law are not full-aged. A very similar number of teenage girls decide for abortion. The study searches for answers to broad varieties of particular research questions. Qualitatively directed research outcomes reflect motives involved in young women's final decisions to become an under-age mother, the determinants of the decision making process in the context of sexual reproductive health. They watch as the participants prepare for the role of mother, what helped them solve the situation and what is it difficult to evaluate their experience and maternity and parental competence. The work focuses on the reflected experience of the new role in the self, and the identity of teenage mothers. A semi-structured interview was chosen as the fundamental method to gather the data; however, additional essays of all respondents are available as well. There is analyzed the data of 28 participants, under-age mothers, who are allocated with their children in an institutional care or in...