Existe na musicologia luso-brasileira uma tese de que a música litúrgica composta para celebrações religiosas nas igrejas brasileiras e portuguesas apresenta uma grande interpenetração dos estilos teatral e eclesiástico. Tal fato é interpretado não só como uma necessidade de exibição simbólica do poder monárquico, mas também como um atraso musical por parte dos compositores luso-brasileiros, por não serem mais decorosos na escrita da música sacra. Desta forma, a questão do decoro vem sido revisitada por pesquisas recentes, que já enxergam não uma falta de decoro musical no ambiente litúrgico luso-brasileiro, mas sim uma interpretação errônea do contexto cultural na qual esta música está inserida. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é o de discutir o decoro musical lusófono a partir do estudo da tratadística setecentista dedicada à averiguação do três estilos musicais (teatral, de câmara e eclesiástico), e de um estudo de caso das partes de solo das missas de Requiem de José Maurício Nunes Garcia e Marcos Portugal. Neste estudo, utilizaremos a teoria dos esquemas musicais como forma de averiguação do discurso musical, da capacidade comunicacional dos compositores e, consequentemente, seu decoro. / It exists in Luso-Brazilian musicology a thesis that the liturgical music composed for religious celebrations in Brazilian and Portuguese churches presents a great interpenetration of theatrical and ecclesiastical styles. This fact is interpreted not only as a need for symbolic display of monarchical power, but also as a \"musical backwardness\" of the Luso-Brazilian composers, for not being more decorous in writing sacred music. Thus, the question of decorum has been revisited by recent research, which denies the existence of a \"lack\" of musical decorum in the Luso-Brazilian liturgical settings, and sees the problem as a misinterpretation of the cultural context in which this music is inserted. The aim of this study is to discuss the Lusophone musical decorum from the study of eighteenth-century treatises dedicated to the investigation of the three musical styles (theater, chamber and church), and a case study of the solo parts in the Requiem Masses of José Maurício Nunes Garcia and Marcos Portugal. In this study, we use the theory of musical schema as a way of investigating the musical discourse, the communicative capacity of composers and consequently their decorum.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica / Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades / Me gustaría compartir, a modo de introducción, el proceso por el cual llegué a mi propuesta de tesina. El punto de partida es el seminario de Recepción de tragedia contemporánea, en el cual se enmarca todo este trabajo. El seminario tenía como objetivo el análisis de la recepción de la tragedia griega y la tragedia isabelina en el teatro contemporáneo, considerando las dos posibilidades de actualización del género: la recepción creativa de argumentos de tragedias en obras dramática y la recepción creativa de las propiedades del género en la escritura de nuevas tragedias. Comencé con una intuición y un impulso basado únicamente en obsesiones personales: William Faulkner. El primer intento fue desde Luz de Agosto, la conocida novela que tanta locura y horror había causado a André Gide. Sin embargo estaba el problema del género. Como antes señalé el curso se abocaba al estudio de obras dramáticas. Luego apareció la adaptación para el teatro que Albert Camus había hecho de Réquiem para una mujer1 de Faulkner. Y cuando finalmente tuve las dos obras en mis manos, la original, la de Faulkner, exhibió toda su complejidad. Se trataba de un hibrido que conjugaba características discursivas y formales predominantemente narrativas con elementos asociados a lo dramático. Con Réquiem para una mujer podía amoldarme a las exigencias del curso sin dejar de lado los caprichos

Gabriel Fauré’s Requiem, Op. 48 was an evolving work, which he continued to revise from its inception in 1887 until the published version of 1900. The focus and intent of this paper is to present a detailed analysis of Requiem, Op. 48 as well as historical background to aid conductors in the preparation and performance of this work. Discussions include the history of the requiem mass as a liturgical form, the evolution of Requiem, Op. 48, the John Rutter edition (1984) and his research, and a conductor’s analysis addressing issues of harmony, form, and style.

Gabriel Fauré’s Requiem, Op. 48 was an evolving work, which he continued to revise from its inception in 1887 until the published version of 1900. The focus and intent of this paper is to present a detailed analysis of Requiem, Op. 48 as well as historical background to aid conductors in the preparation and performance of this work. Discussions include the history of the requiem mass as a liturgical form, the evolution of Requiem, Op. 48, the John Rutter edition (1984) and his research, and a conductor’s analysis addressing issues of harmony, form, and style.

No description available.

No description available.

La Grande Messe des morts d’Hector Berlioz se remarque entre autres choses par la variété de styles et le changement rapide de climats expressifs. Son écriture novatrice éveille l’émotion du public en cultivant de nombreux effets d’inattendus que la presse de l’époque a soulignés lors de la création. Comment caractériser les différents styles musicaux sur lesquels le Requiem s’articule ? Comment le compositeur captive et éveille-t-il l’émotion de l’auditeur ? Comment l’auditeur perçoit-il la stratégie déployée par le compositeur ? La présente thèse a pour but d’éclaircir le fonctionnement des matériaux musicaux variés chez Berlioz, le mécanisme de la communication compositeur-auditeur et sa conception de la musique « sacrée ». L’étude de la rhétoricité du Requiem est fondée sur quatre enquêtes successives fondées sur la théorie de la communication musicale de Jean Molino et Jean-Jacques Nattiez et l’analyse de la rhétoricité selon Jean-Pierre Bartoli : 1. étude du processus génétique de la composition (analyse de la poïétique externe) ; 2. étude de la critique de la presse musicale (analyse de l’esthésique externe) ; 3. étude des principes du développement et forme narrative (analyse de la poïétique inductive) ; 4. étude des jeux sur l’attente ménagés par le compositeur (analyse de l’esthésique inductive). De cette recherche, on conclut que Berlioz réussit à concilier l’intensité dramatique et la religiosité à travers un certain art du discours, qui maintient l’unité de l’œuvre dans la variété de ses climats, des topiques exploités et des styles d’écriture. / Hector Berlioz’s Grande Messe des morts has been particularly recognized by its variety of styles and the rapid change of expressive atmospheres. His innovative style arouses public’s emotion by cultivating a great number of unexpected effects that the music press in time of its first performance emphasized. How can be characterized various musical styles which connect with one another in this Requiem? How does the composer behave to attract the audience and to arouse their emotion? How did the audience feel composer’s strategy which was deployed in this work? This thesis aims to make clear the function of various musical materials in his composition, a communication mechanism established between composer and audience, and his conception of the “sacred” music. A study of rhetoric in his Requiem is founded on four successive analyses, inspired by Jean Molino and Jean-Jacques Nattiez’s musical communication theory and Jean-Pierre Bartoli’s rhetoric analysis: 1. study of the creative process of the composition (analysis of the external poïétique); 2. study of the music criticism of press articles (analysis of the external esthésique); 3. study of the principal of the music’s development and its formal narrativity (analysis of the inductive poïétique); 4. study of the tactics on audience’s expectation handled by the composer (analysis of the inductive poïétique). This study concluded that Berlioz succeeded in managing the dramatic intensity and the religiousness through a certain art of discourse, which maintains the work’s unity with a variety of atmospheres, musical topics and styles.

Louis Vierne (1870–1937) var under början av 1900-talet verksam som en av världens mest framstående organister och kompositörer. Trots att han från födseln var nästintill blind innehade han under nästan 40 år den mycket prestigefulla tjänsten Organiste titulaire vid Frankrikes mest berömda katedral Notre Dame de Paris. Viernes verksamling 24 Pièces du Fantaisie räknas idag till standardrepertoaren för orgel och i detta arbete analyseras hur tonsättarens bakgrund påverkade och inspirerade hans komponerande av verket. I studien utreds också hur man interpreterar stycket så stiltroget som möjligt och således gör tonsättaren rättvisa i största möjliga mån. Undersökningens resultat påvisar att Vierne fick inspiration till verken från sin omvärld och att hans dåliga syn hade stor inverkan på hans komponerande. Den informationen, i kombination med en redovisning av interpretationsmässiga val från framföranden av Requiem aeternam och Toccata ur 24 Pièces du Fantaisie, hjälper organisten vid sitt gestaltande av verksamlingen. / Louis Vierne (1870–1937) was active during the early 20th century as one of the world's most prominent organists and composers. Despite being almost blind from birth, he held for almost 40 years the very prestigious position of Organiste titulaire at France's most famous cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris. Vierne's collection of pieces 24 Pièces du Fantaisie is today considered as standard repertoire for the organ and this study analyzes how the composer's background influenced and inspired the music. In the study, it is also investigated how to interpret the pieces as faithfully as possible and thus do the composer justice to the greatest extent possible. The results of the study indicate that Vierne got inspiration for his work from his surroundings and that his poor eyesight had a major impact on his composing. This information, in combination with a report of interpretational choices from performances of Requiem aeternam and Toccata from 24 Pièces du Fantaisie, helps the organist when playing the collection.

Requiem for the Last Kaiser by the Cameroonian playwright Bate Besong, is a play characterised by singular translational challenges. These challenges range from the presence of many different languages in the text to the use of humour and intratextual references taken from a various range of sources such as the Bible, world history and politics, etc. In our 21st century world, where translation has been described as the language of Europe by Umberto Eco, Africa’s literary treasures should be given a wider readership by means of translation, starting with French, to introduce the writer’s work to French-speaking Cameroonians and from there to other Francophones. The aim of this research was to determine in what way multilingualism in the play could affect its translation and, secondly, how to translate the various multilingual utterances. The focus was put on the rendition of the play’s multilingual elements in a language or languages understandable to a French-speaking readership while keeping the author’s initial intention in mind. This was done firstly by gathering relevant knowledge on theatre as well as literary and theatrical translation, and on the other hand on literary multilingualism and multilingual translation. Subsequently, 28 text segments including multilingual utterances were extracted from the source text, analysed using a combination of the functionalist approach and hermeneutics, and translated. Several translation strategies and procedures were used, among which literalism was particularly successful. It was found that these could not be generalised and that translation choices should be made for each individual utterance. The play impacts on the literary, sociolinguistic, political, and sociological domains, as it dates from the 1990s, a period of Cameroonian history marked by popular uprisings and the struggle for democracy. Attempting a partial translation of Requiem for the Last Kaiser was a means of contributing to the field of multilingual theatre translation, sharing the richness of Bate Besong’s literary work and giving Cameroonian literature in English the port of access it needs since it has not yet attained the recognition it surely deserves. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Modern European Languages / unrestricted

»Verdi hat allerdings kein Requiem nach deutscher Art geschaffen«, befand der Referent des Musikalischen Wochenblattes August Guckeisen, nachdem er im Dezember 1876 der reichsdeutschen Erstaufführung von Giuseppe Verdis »Messa da Requiem« in Köln beigewohnt hatte. Ein »Requiem nach deutscher Art« – gab es so etwas überhaupt? Zumindest existierte ganz offenkundig eine klare Vorstellung von einer als ›deutsch‹ etikettierten Ästhetik der musikalischen Trauer. Typisch daran erscheint zunächst die darin vorausgesetzte Einteilung der Welt in etwas Eigenes und etwas Anderes. Der Hang zu einer national eingerahmten Kulturdefinition – und sei es durch Abgrenzung gegenüber etwas vermeintlich Fremdem – wirkt bis in die Gegenwart nach. Diese Untersuchung geht den Merkmalen ethischer Traditionen in der Empfindung und Bewertung der musikalischen Trauer nach und dokumentiert die unterschiedlichen Blickwinkel auf ein Werk, das erstens aus ganz verschiedenen Gründen als typisch ›italienisch‹ wahrgenommen wurde und das zweitens in einem Überschneidungsbereich von Kirchenmusik, Repräsentationsmusik und Konzertmusik steht. Das ›italienische‹ Selbstverständnis, das sich aus Sicht der Kritik in der Komposition niederschlug, rieb sich in zahlreichen Punkten mit dem ›deutschen‹. Diese Reibungspunkte wurden anhand historischer Quellen, vorwiegend aus Tageszeitungen und Musikfachblättern, freigelegt, um sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch politische, konfessionelle und ästhetische Differenzen innerhalb der deutschsprachigen Kritik herauszuarbeiten. / The dissertation deals with the German reception of the Messa da Requiem by Giuseppe Verdi, a grand musical work composed in memory of the Italian writer Alessandro Manzoni. The author concentrated on the period of the first performances which took place world-wide between 1874 and 1878. Verdi’s composition follows the classical-romantic tradition of the »concert requiem« and is linked to the Requiem settings by Cherubini, Mozart and Berlioz. Due to the work’s scenic character, which many critics considered inadequate to the religious text, it was often evaluated disparagingly. In many cases the conceit of German musical criticism came to light, expressing itself sometimes more, sometimes less drastically. A critic from Cologne said that the work was »however, not a requiem in the German style.« This dichotomous demarcation of a ›German style‹ against an ›Italian style‹ is only partly to be understood as an influence of Wagnerism and Kulturkampf in the young German Empire. Romantic church music aesthetics in particular played a decisive role here by applying strict idealistic standards. It was considered reprehensible for the music of a funeral mass to stir up or frighten the audience, as well as present a scenically determined, ›realistic‹ music. Emotionality did not seem to have been appropriate for the subject of a mass for the deceased, while critics expected the music to support a spiritual atmosphere leading to the consolatory idea of eternal rest. A certain ambivalence in the understanding of the work has persisted to the present day. Still, it seems to stand in a twilight zone between spiritual and secular concert music, which supports discussions about interpretation and appropriate performance practice. Reflecting on historical concepts and conceptions gives the opportunity to question current positions and their origins.