No description available.

Using an attachment theory perspective, variation in adult romantic attachment style outcomes were examined according to childhood experiences of parental divorce and residential instability. The sample was comprised of 172 individuals in the young adulthood developmental stage that were recruited using snowball sampling via online social networking. Participants completed an online survey containing the 36-item Experiences in Close Relationships scale and 28 author-developed items. The majority of the sample reported stable and predictable living arrangements as children. Those whose parents had divorced reported higher levels of parental conflict during their childhood than those whose parents had never divorced or separated. There was no statistical difference on adult romantic attachment style score between individuals who experience parental divorce or separation and those who did not. Parental conflict and stability of residence patterns did not have a statistically significant impact on attachment avoidance or anxiety. For participants whose parents had divorced or separated, conflict, residential stability, and time with nonresidential parent statistically improved the predictive ability of attachment anxiety. Specifically, time with nonresidential parent moderated adult romantic attachment anxiety.

Training staff to better meet the needs of a diverse study body is an important component of housing and residence life programs. This study at Ball State University identified the role and effectiveness of the Multicultural Advisor Program and provides suggestions on how to improve. Six focus groups allowed the researcher to explore the Multicultural Advisor Program from Resident Assistants, Multicultural Advisors, Hall Directors, and students perspectives during fall 2003 semester. / Department of Educational Leadership

This study examined the relationships between student-environment fit and sense of competence and academic achievement of freshmen students in wellness residence hall environments. This study was conducted at a mid-sized, midwestern state university. Perceived and actual fit scores derived from Form R and Form I of the University Residence Environment Scale (URES) served as the independent measures. Two measures, sense of competence and academic achievement, served as the dependent variables. A Sense of Competence Scale, developed by Steve Janosik (1987), measured a student's level of interpersonal and intellectual competence Academic achievement was measured by accumulative grade point averages. Step-wise multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between these variables.All 571 freshmen residents living in one of six: wellness residence halls were asked to participate in this study. Of this number, 416 (72.7%) returned questionnaires and became the sample population.Freshmen residents living in the wellness residence halls reported that these environments were not as emotionally supportive nor were floor residents as involved with one another as residents would like. Further, a greater emphasis was needed in terms of academic and intellectual stimulation. Additionally, residents in the wellness residence hall environments desired more opportunities to influence their floor/hall and reported that these environments were too competitive.Significant differences existed between freshmen women and men. Women indicated that there was too much emphasis on traditional dating and other social activities and too much emphasis on competition. Women also indicated that their wellness residence hall environments did not provide them with the intellectual stimulation they wanted. Further, women rated the order and organization of these environments much lower than did men.The differences between student-environment fit and sense of competence and student-environment fit and academic achievement were not statistically significant.Actual discrepancy scores were a better measure of student-environment fit than perceived discrepancy scores. / Department of Educational Leadership

This thesis examines how the non-Newtonian characteristics of liquid hog manure affect the flow conditions within a steady-flow anaerobic digester. There are three main parts to this thesis. In the first part of this thesis, the physical properties of liquid hog manure and their variation with temperature and solids concentration are experimentally determined. Naturally¬¬-settled manure sampled from an outdoor storage lagoon is studied, and density, viscosity, and particle size distribution are measured. Hog manure with total solids concentrations of less than 3.6% exhibits Newtonian behaviour; manure between 3.6% and 6.5% total solids is pseudoplastic, and fits the power law; manure with more than 6.5% total solids exhibits non-Newtonian and time-dependent characteristics. The second part of this thesis investigates the flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids—represented by tap water and xanthan gum solution, respectively—within four lab-scale reactor geometries, using residence time distribution (RTD) experiments. The effect of reactor geometry, flow rate, and fluid viscosity are evaluated. In the third part of this thesis, flow conditions within lab-scale and pilot-scale anaerobic digester reactors are simulated using three-dimensional modeling techniques. The RTDs of lab-scale reactors as predicted by the 3D numerical models compare well to the experimental results. The 3D models are also validated using data from particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments. Finally, the viscous properties of liquid hog manure at 3% and 8% total solids are incorporated into the models, and the results are evaluated.

This thesis explores the management of cross-cultural conflict by Resident Advisors (RA) at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada. A total of twelve RAs were interviewed on the policies and expected practices of RAs, how these policies are implemented and whether these policies are effective in resolving cross-cultural conflict. This research analyzes and demonstrates that besides conflict itself, the discourse of conflict--how one speaks about conflict--and its representation are equally important. In many circumstances, the cultural discourse and its representation are not only a major part of the problem, but even a source of it. I argue that a narrow conceptualization of culture in the expected dispute resolution practices of RAs constrains the management of disputes between residents. Examples of disputes pertaining to nationality, racial and sexual discrimination, drugs, and alcohol illustrate the use of culture as a controlling factor in conflict, defining culture as bounded and discrete. This neglects the underlying structural issues at play, serving only to reproduce conflict and to ensure that social and economic inequities are passed on.

The following thesis demonstrates two isotope tracing experiments that measure oxygen transport through electrochemically polarized solid oxides. Cathode-symmetric ‘button’ cells with yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ) electrolytes and either strontium doped lanthanum manganate(LSM) or composite LSM/YSZ cathodes were studied. The first experiment measured the residence time distributions(RTD) of 34O2. The measured RTDs were compared at different temperatures(700-800°C) and applied potentials(-2 to -8V). Comparisons with simulated RTDs revealed that oxygen transport was laterally heterogeneous. Delamination of the counter electrode is likely the source of the heterogeneity. The second experiment measured a wave of 18O by exposing an interior cross section and applying ToF-SIMS analysis. A depth profile was produced that spans the cathode and electrolyte interface. The depth profile was compared with a variety of limiting oxygen activation scenarios predicted by a simple 1-D model. Comparisons demonstrated that oxygen activation is likely not restricted to the cathode and electrolyte interface.

The following thesis demonstrates two isotope tracing experiments that measure oxygen transport through electrochemically polarized solid oxides. Cathode-symmetric ‘button’ cells with yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ) electrolytes and either strontium doped lanthanum manganate(LSM) or composite LSM/YSZ cathodes were studied. The first experiment measured the residence time distributions(RTD) of 34O2. The measured RTDs were compared at different temperatures(700-800°C) and applied potentials(-2 to -8V). Comparisons with simulated RTDs revealed that oxygen transport was laterally heterogeneous. Delamination of the counter electrode is likely the source of the heterogeneity. The second experiment measured a wave of 18O by exposing an interior cross section and applying ToF-SIMS analysis. A depth profile was produced that spans the cathode and electrolyte interface. The depth profile was compared with a variety of limiting oxygen activation scenarios predicted by a simple 1-D model. Comparisons demonstrated that oxygen activation is likely not restricted to the cathode and electrolyte interface.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among wellness, relationship status, gender, place of residence, and GPA among university prep-school students. The study was carried out on a sample of 506 prep-school students from BaSkent University. The students were asked to fill out Wellness Inventory and the demographic data sheet. In order to investigate the differences between wellness sub-scales&rsquo / scores (Relational Self, Social Interest and Empathy, Self Consistency, Mastery Orientation, Physical Wellness, Humor, Love, and Environmental Sensitivity) of the subjects with respect to gender, relationship status, place of residence, and GPA / four separate MANOVA&rsquo / s were conducted. The results of this study revealed significant gender differences in self-consistency, love, environmental sensitivity sub-scales&rsquo / scores in favor of male students, but in social interest and empathy sub-scales in favor of female students. The findings also showed that students who were in a committed relationship scored significantly higher in love sub-scale, whereas students who were not in a committed relationship scored significantly higher in physical wellness sub-scale. Results indicated no significant differences in terms of the place of residence. The results also revealed that students, whose GPA ranged between 90-100, scored significantly higher on mastery orientation sub-scale of Wellness Inventory than students, whose GPA level ranged between 50-70 and below 50.

The current work has developed a CFD model to characterise a pseudo-annular photocatalytic bubble column reactor. The model development was divided into three stages. Firstly, hydrodynamic assessment of the multiphase fluid flow in the vessel, which incorporated residence time distribution analysis both numerically and experimentally for validation purposes. Secondly, the radiation distribution of the UV source was completed. The final stage incorporated the kinetics for the degradation the model pollutant, sodium oxalate. The hydrodynamics were modelled using an Eulerian-Eulerian approach to the multiphase system with the standard k- turbulence model. This research established that there was significant deviation in the fluid behaviour in the pseudo-annular reactor when compared with traditional cylindrical columns due to the nature of the internal structure. The residence time distribution study showed almost completely mixed flow in the liquid phase, whereas the gas phase more closely represented plug flow behaviour. Whilst there was significant dependence on the superficial gas flow rate the mixing behaviour demonstrated negligible dependence on the liquid superficial velocity or the liquid flow direction, either co- or counter- current with respect to the gas phase. The light distribution was modelled using a conservative variant of the Discrete Ordinate method. The model examined the contribution to the incident radiation within the reactor of both the gas bubbles and titanium dioxide particles. This work has established the importance of the gas phase in evaluating the light distribution and showed that it should be included when examining the light distribution in a gas-liquid-solid three-phase system. An optimal catalyst loading for the vessel was established to be 1g/L. Integration of the kinetics of sodium oxalate degradation was the final step is developing the complete CFD model. Species transport equations were employed to describe the distribution of pollutant concentration within the vessel. Using a response surface methodology it was shown that the reaction rate exhibited a greater dependency on the lamp power that the lamp length, however, the converse was true with the quantum efficiency. This work highlights the complexity of completely modelling a photocatalytic system and has demonstrated the applicability of CFD for this purpose.