DC nano-grid system shows promising prospect and enjoys some advantages over AC micro-grid system. It enables easier integration of multiple renewable energy sources with multiple loads. Photovoltaic (PV) is essentially a typical renewable source that serves as main power source in DC nano-grid system. Traditional PV system includes centralized PV system, string PV system and micro-converter PV system. More recently, smart converter PV system has been introduced and shown great improvement in aspects of power generation achieved by distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). It is also advantageous over micro-converter PV system due to lower cost and flexibility. Detailed case study demonstrates that power generation efficiency can be easily compromised because of mismatch between different panels in centralized and string PV systems. In smart converter PV system, this problem can be solved due to distributed MPPT for each individual panel. The smart converter system has a very wide voltage range within which all panels can generate maximum power. The location and the width of this range are subject to change under different mismatch conditions. A second stage converter is needed to locate the array MPPT range. However, there is instability problem when doing second stage MPPT with traditional methods. Modified methods based on conductance control and resistance control are analyzed and compared. Both methods can solve the MPPT instability problem. However, in terms of steady state performance, resistance control MPPT is more promising in terms of higher utilization ratio and faster tracking speed. It is because both methods are of inherited variable operating point step size with constant conductance or resistance perturbation step size. However, the operating point change decreases with resistance perturbation but increases with conductance perturbation otherwise. Therefore, resistance control MPPT is chosen as a good candidate. Both simulation and experimental results verifies the concept. / Master of Science

M.Tech. Business Administration. Business School. / The Cape Grape/Wine Industry has developed into an international industry renowned for producing some of the world's best grapes and wines. This industry is under constant threat from pests and diseases which have to be managed to remain competitive. Within this ever changing agricultural environment, the producers of crop protection products uses specific strategies to enter and capture the market with innovative new products. Agents/representatives as well as Grape growers were surveyed by means of a questionnaire to establish the needs, expectations, risks, knowledge and various other criteria that are required for an Agro-Chemical company like Bayer CropScience to be the supplier of choice of crop protection products to the industry by providing the best solutions to agents and growers alike.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Introduktion: Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO) har förklarat att antibiotikaresistens är en global folkhälsokris som finns i både låginkomstländer och höginkomstländer. Faktorer som sjukvård, förskrivarnas kunskap om infektionssjukdomar och deras kommunikation påverkar antibiotikaanvändningen och dess förskrivning. Därför metoder som påverkar kommunikationsstrategier för en rationell användning av antibiotika kan vara fördelaktiga i samhället då förökad kunskap kan bidra till bättre användning av antibiotika . Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att granska informationsaktiviteter i svenska regionala läkemedelskommittéer för att förebygga antibiotikaresistens: lärdomar och områden för förbättring. Metod: 21 läkemedelskommittéer i Sverige fick 5 frågor via e-post att besvara på gällande antibiotika kommunikation i kommunen. Detta för att sedan analysera svaren med hjälp av kvalitativ tematisk analys. Resultat: 18 läkemedelskommittéer besvarade på frågorna därav tre teman och ett undertema identifierades; Nationell reglering och övervakningsverktyg är viktiga för länen, undertema, frekvens av informationsutbyte om antibiotikaförskrivning, Covid-19-pandemins påverkan på informationsaktivitet och Patienternas medvetenhet – ett område att fokusera på. Slutsats: I Sverige har länen en viktig roll att förmedla information, uppdateringar av riktlinjer och följa upp antibiotikaförskrivningar på förskrivarnivå. Covid-19 pandemin har ökat kunskapen om att fysiska möten är mer efektiva för att förmedla information. Det finns även ett behov av att utbilda allmänheten även om regionerna är fokuserade på denna aspekt, de flesta län måste fortfarande uppmärksamma detta specifika område. / Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that antibiotic resistance is a global public health emergency that exists in both low income countries and high income countries. Factors like healthcare, prescribers’ knowledge in infectious diseases and their communication affect antibiotic use and its prescription. Therefore methods that impact communication strategies enhance rational use of antibiotics. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore information activities of Swedish Regional Pharmaceutical Committees for preventing antibiotic resistance. Also we tried to explore if there were certain lessons to be learned regarding effective information activities, and to identify any rooms for improvements.  Methods: 21 Pharmaceutical committees in Sweden were sent 5 questions via email to answer regarding antibiotic communication in the county. This to then analyze the responses using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: 18 counties responded to the questions whereas three themes and one sub-theme were identified; National regulation and surveillance tools are important for counties, subtheme, frequency of information sharing regarding antibiotic prescription, the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on information activity and Patient’s awareness – an area to focus on. Conclusion: In Sweden, the counties have an important role to relay information, update on guidelines and follow up on antibiotic prescription at prescriber level. The Covid-19 pandemic has increased the knowledge that physical meetings are more effective to convey information. There is also a need to educate the general public though counties are focused on this aspect, majority of counties still need to bring their attention to this particular area.