In Tanzania women, farmers are main producers of agricultural food products, yet they don't have legal ownership of land. Customary practices often require women to access land through their husbands, fathers, brothers, or other men who control the land. Men as the heads of household, control everything including the type of crops to cultivate and the price. The fact that women farmers do not have legal ownership of land makes them vulnerable and decreases agricultural productivity. When women lose their connection to this male relative, either through death, divorce or migration, they can lose their land, home, and means of supporting themselves and their families. In the Sukuma tribe, the subject of this case study, many women do not have knowledge about their rights. Instead, they believe what they are told by their elders according to their culture. In the Sukuma society men are the heads of the household and women have no say in any decision about any family matter. The Sukuma tribe are still very conservative and continue to practice harmful traditions that affect agricultural production and the economy. This study used qualitative interviews, observations, note-taking and artifacts method to determine how cultural practices impact Sukuma women farmers land ownership. The findings show that large proportion of both men and women in the Sukuma society still lacks formal education, and is ignorant about their rights. Many believe in their subjective norms which are derived from beliefs about what their elders, traditional leaders, and ancestors (because these are the people they trust) say or think the person should do and the individual's motivation to comply with their wishes. Recommendations are made to put emphasis on education both formal and informal for both women and men so as to understand human rights and to change their behavior and perceptions about women farmers' rights to resources. The Sukuma tribe has many clans with different cultural practices, therefore generalization should be made very carefully. More research should be conducted to identify the differences for easy planning and implementing land programs and strategies in Sukuma communities and Tanzania as a whole. / Master of Science in Life Sciences

Following the approach of knowledge generation of economy, knowledge has become a mean of business survival competition and an advantageous implement or creative competition. How to share knowledge among businesses as to expand the productivity and ability, as to produce new knowledge and promote competitive advantages out of mutual agitation of knowledge, and how a business can applicably perform the informative facilities as to circulates in this scientific generation, shall be the one and only way of continuous operation of present business. Firstly, the research shall establish a relevant theory of knowledge management, develop and design questionnaires in connection with the local¡¦s transnational business trading. The relationship between the movement of multi-national business knowledge management and global configuration strategies can be conferred with the researched statistical analysis. Then, the research shall discuss the system that the business shall operate as to push the knowledge management and the influences that may incur. Secondly, the research shall discuss the relevance of business qualities and knowledge management, as to clarify the influences of knowledge transferable strategy under different industrial stages. Lastly, the research will describe the relationship between the subject of knowledge management and global resources configurative strategies. The research came up with the following discoveries after applying quantitative analysis and collected data integration: 1. The greater tends of organizational culture toward open-up and active shape, the greater help it will be for the business movement for knowledge management. In addition, basic information development of knowledge organization has influences toward the organizational movement of creating new knowledge, transfer of knowledge and management of knowledge. In other words, the more complete that the business information construction is, the more systemized and greater help it will be to push the knowledge management. 2. An enterprise must pay great attention to the transfer of knowledge during its development period. During the business development period, the entire environment is developing and changing rapidly. Thus, the enterprise must have great alert of the market behavior, and mostly important, to have frequent communication with the employees and share experiences with them. 3. There are greater influences on the distribution of organizational resources during the development period of the business¡¦s industrial stage rather than its maturity period.

Abstract After the martial law was repealed, Taiwan has been embarked on the transformative process of political democratization and economic liberalization. As the first party turn-over in 2000 election changed radically the strategic environment of social welfare resource distribution, especially impacted the welfare for civil service and teachers, it is worthy of our reexploration furtherly on the status quo of Taiwan¡¦s social welfare resource distribution after democratization. Taking civil service and teachers for example, the author comprehensively worked up, compared and analyzed the allocational transition of social welfare resources respectively in the period of authoritarian rule and the transformative period of democratization, then presented policy and suggestion of social welfare resource distribution for civil service and teachers after democratization. The study surveyed the approaches of allocating social welfare for civil service and teachers by the research methods of analyzing the ideology of each party and the aspect of benefit transference by welfare policy, as well as expounding the supply side of government¡¦s welfare expenditure, then putting all the data above analyzed under the environmental veins of politics, economics and society so as to present an integrated skeleton of research. Moreover, the author chose 8 years before and after democratic transformation in Taiwan as research cases to engage in comparing and analyzing the social welfare resource distribution for civil service and teachers, i.e. the periods of DPP ruling (2000~2008) and KMT ruling (1994~1999). The research found that the social welfare resources laid particular stress on civil service and teachers in the period of authoritarian rule which possessed a savor of favor and grace. Secondly, there were full of variables and uncertainty in reformative policy of social welfare resource distribution for civil service and teachers during transformational period of democratization, but it would only turn the issue of welfare-alloctation to become an instrument among parties for exchanging political loyalty and consolidating their regime. Futhermore, while observing the situation before and after the transformative period of democratization, there was no significant difference in the expenditure items of welfares for civil service and teachers, but the allocation and beneficiary of social welfare tended to be generalized. The thesis suggested that the social welfare resource distribution should follow the principles of democracy and the rule of law, and build up the concepts of legalized welfare as swift as possible, i.e. such issue should be regulated, supervised and controlled by public opinions, then would the reasonable reform of welfares for civil service and teachers would be fulfilled gradually. Key words: Social Welfare Resource Distribution, Civil Service and teachers, Authoritarian Rule, Democratization

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This study assessed secondborn adolescents' perceptions of changes in the allocation of family resources following their firstborn siblings' departure from home after high school, and whether perceived changes were related to changes over 1 year in secondborns' academic functioning. Participants were secondborn siblings (mean age = 16.58, SD = 0.91) from 115 families in which the older sibling had left the family home in the previous year. Allocation of resources was measured via coded qualitative interviews. Most (77%) secondborns reported increases in at least one type of family resource (i.e., parental companionship, attention, material goods), and many reported an increase in multiple types of resources in the year following their older sibling's departure. Consistent with resource dilution theory, perceptions of increases in fathers' companionship, fathers' attention, and mothers' companionship were related to improvements over time in secondborns' academic functioning.

This research paper presents a systems and process approach into the development, implementation and certification of ISO 9001:2000 within the Industry Association Resource Centre, (IARC) formally known as Distribution Technology (DT). There is currently no formal Quality Management System (QMS) applied within the bounds of IARC. ISO 9001 :2000 is one such system that is to be implemented to ensure that the products and or services as generated by IARC meet the customers expectations and within the required time frame. Due to the restructuring of the EDI and disbanding of Distribution, DT was relocated from the disbanding Distribution division and incorporated into the R & S division. In doing so DT was restructured and the name changed to IARC. This meant that Risk Management a previous section within DT was moved out and three new sections, Standardisation, Information Centre and the Electricity Supply Industry - Geographic Information System were incorporated into IARC. The three new sections had previously been with R & S and were already ISO 9001 :2000 certified. IARC is currently split into eight sections namely; • Technology Development, Power Plant, • Technology Development, Control Plant, • Engineering Processes, • Technical Training, • Pre-Paid Development, • Technology Standardisation, • Information Services and • Electricity Supply Industry - Geographic Information System. There is also however a Corporate Consulting Service supplied by IARC. IARC is further spread throughout the country and thus has multiple offices namely; • Megawatt Park (Johannesburg) • Menlyn Park (Pretoria) • New Germany (Durban) • Brakenfel (Cape Town) • Simmerpan (Germiston) • East London • Klerksdorp • George. As can be seen from above IARC is a department that is multi skilled and spread through out the country hence the importance of implementing a quality management system. A method of developing and implementing ISO 9001 :2000 within IARC will be discussed. This research paper will further only involve five of the sections within IARC as three of the sections as stated above have already achieved ISO 9001 :2000 certification.. Thus the five sections that form part of this research paper are; • Technology Development, Power Plant, • Technology Development, Control Plant, • Engineering Processes, • Technical Training and • Pre-Paid Development. The sections within IARC have in the past worked in isolation from each other and thus have built up their own reporting systems to which they adhere to. It is thus recommended to involve the relevant staffthroughout the entire IARC and to ensure that they fully understand the benefits that can be achieved with certification. It is further important to understand that extensive training be undertaken throughout IARC during the process to educate all staff. / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

This project is based on the desire to increase the understanding and knowledge of digital resource usage within the math education in South African townships. Digital education is considered to facilitate solutions for current shortcomings, yet knowledge and experience of the local circumstances are vital for successful implementation. Interviews, observations and analyses of existing games were used to define requirements regarding design and usability, which were implemented through prototypes and evaluated formatively. This study indicates that the requirements of an educational and stimulating digital tool are the most important and suggest consideration of feedback, gamification features, such as storytelling, as well as the balance of formal and informal settings. Furthermore, user characteristics heavily implies low complexity, few distractions and a logical structure. Requirements of appropriate level, in both language and content, also proved to be crucial. However, this demands further assessment before implementation. The developed tool was perceived as suitable and was accepted as a long-term solution to make better use of the current resources. Although the limited time and the difficulty to comprehend the users’ opinions bounded the conclusions, the established requirements are suggested to provide a solid foundation for further research. / Detta projekt baseras på en strävan efter ökad förståelse och kunskap för digitala resurser inom matteundervisningen i sydafrikanska kåkstäder. Digital utbildning anses möjliggöra lösningar för nuvarande brister, men kunskap och erfarenhet om lokala förhållanden är avgörande för lyckad implementering. Intervjuer, observationer och analyser av existerande spel användes för att definiera design- och användbarhetskrav, vilka implementerades genom prototyper och utvärderas formativt. Denna studie indikerar att kraven om ett utbildande och stimulerande spel är de mest betydelsefulla och föreslår beaktning av återkoppling, inkludering av spelifiering, exempelvis i form av “storytelling”, samt en balans av formell och informell miljö. Vidare innebär användaregenskaper krav på låg komplexitet, få distraktioner och en logisk struktur. Krav på lämplig nivå, både i fråga om mattekunskap och språk, visade sig också vara vitalt. Dessa krav kräver dock vidare utvärdering inför implementering. Det utvecklade verktyget uppfattades som passande och accepterades som en långsiktig lösning för att bättre utnyttja nuvarande resurser. Trots att tidsbegränsningen och svårigheter att förstå användarnas åsikter begränsade slutsatserna, ger de etablerade kraven en solig grund för framtida forskning.

Efficient use of hardware resources is a vital part of getting good results within high performance computing. This thesis explores the predictability of optimal CPU-core distribution between two tasks running in parallel on a shared-memory machine, with the intent to reach the shortest total runtime possible. The predictions are based on the weight and speedup of each task, in regards to the CPU-frequency decrease that comes with a growing number of active cores in modern CPUs. The weight of a task is the number of floating point operations needed to compute it to completion. The Intel oneAPI Math Kernel Library is used to create a set of different tasks, where each task consists of a single call to a dgemm-routine. Two prediction algorithms for optimal core distribution are presented and used in this thesis. Their predictions are compared to the fastest distribution observed by either running the tasks back-to-back, with each using all available cores, or running the tasks simultaneously in two parallel regions. Experimental results suggest that there is merit to this method, with the best of the two algorithms having a 14/15 prediction-accuracy of the core distribution resulting in the fastest run.

The purpose of this research is to develop a statistical method to monitor the fairness of network resource distribution. The newly developed fairness score function allows users to have the same or different priority levels. Especially, this function possesses all the necessary properties required as a quality characteristic for the purpose of statistical process control. The main objective is to find the critical values for the statistical test. Monte Carlo simulation is used to find the critical values. When the users have the same priority level, a table of the critical values is given for different sample sizes and different significance levels. When the users have different priority levels, it is difficult to generate a similar table since the users’ priority levels vary. Therefore, the critical values are computed for given priority levels. In both cases, an example is given to demonstrate the approach developed in this study.

As e-Health solutions start being integrated into the healthcare system in Stockholm County, the possibility of moving monitored patients out of the hospitals and into their homes increases. Such a change in the healthcare system could require a major redistribution of resources in order to meet possible changes in resource demands. Simulations can be used in order to understand how the healthcare system needs to adapt to handle the relocation of monitored patients. In this thesis project, a simulation platform has been designed and developed to address possible questions posed by this redesign of the healthcare system. By conducting a literary study, it was found that a discrete event- and agent based- hybrid simulation architecture could address the complexity required for such a large simulation environment by simulating across different abstraction levels. The agent based simulation component of the architecture models resources such as nurses, doctors, and patients as agents. A patient agent has a statechart which allows the patient to move between situational states and require interventions depending on a developed illness progression logic and routines. Interventions are modeled as event workflows in the discrete event simulation architecture. These cover most of the relevant interventions in a home monitored patient's life, such as nurse home visits and doctor video consultations. A communication protocol has been defined which will allow this model to communicate with a healthcare facility model. The platform implements a user interface for changing relevant input parameters, such as the amount of patients or doctors, in order to simulate different scenarios. Therefore the provided framework reduces the need for any major reprogramming between model runs. Outputs provided by simulation runs give relevant insights on patient resource usage and logistics management. A method for automatic generation of locations for patient homes and healthcare facilities on Geographic Information Systems open street maps has also been identified but not implemented. A validation process was conducted by allowing experts in the field to test the platform and give feedback on its validity and outputs. The simulation architecture provided by this thesis achieves the objective of modeling flows and resources in a further digitalized healthcare system in Stockholm County.